empoisonv.

Brit.

/ɪmˈpɔɪzn/,

/ɛmˈpɔɪzn/, U.S.

/ɛmˈpɔɪz(ə)n/,

/ᵻmˈpɔɪz(ə)n/

Forms:

α. Middle English empoysone, Middle English enpoysun, Middle English–1500s enpoisen, Middle English–1500s enpoisoun, Middle English–1500s enpoysen, Middle English–1500s enpoyson, Middle English–1500s enpoysoun, Middle English–1600s enpoison, Middle English–1700s empoyson, 1500s– empoison, 1600s empoysn.

β. Middle English impoysyn, Middle English inpoysyon, Middle English–1700s impoyson, 1500s– impoison, 1600s inpoison.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French empoisonner.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman empoisoner, enpoisoner and Middle French empoisonner, enpoisonner (French empoisonner ) to kill with poison (c1130 in Old French), to make (something) harmful with poison (1371–2 in the passage translated in quot. ?c1450 at sense 2, or earlier) < em- em- prefix + poison poison n. Compare earlier poison v.On the variation between initial em- and en- in the α. forms see em- prefix. With β. forms compare im- prefix¹.

Now somewhat rare or archaic.

I. To affect with poison.

1. transitive. To administer poison to (a person or animal); to kill or injure with poison; = poison v. 1a. Also intransitive. Also figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)]

apoison1297

envenomc1300

venomc1330

poisonc1350

empoisona1375

intoxicatec1450

venina1500

enveleny?c1550

bane1578

envenomize1598

pestilent1613

toxicate1635

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by poisoning

envenomc1300

venomc1330

poisonc1350

empoisona1375

stranglec1374

intoxicatec1450

impotionate1570

strike1592

to fig away1609

hemlock1846

strychninea1871

α.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4650 (MED) Þei him bi-hiȝt..þat þei priueli wold enpoysoun þe king.

c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 574 Empoysoned of thyn owene folk thow weere.

1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) lviii. sig. c6^v Kyng vortimer..was enpoisened and died at london.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxvi. 486 In mynde to haue enpoysoned the frenche kynge.

1604 Supplic. Certaine Masse-priests ii To murder and empoyson our late Queene.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §546 The Surfeit of them [sc. mushromes] may suffocate and empoyson.

1667 London Gaz. No. 206/2 The Grand Visier was by..practises on his person empoisoned.

1705 J. Davis tr. S. Lorenzini Curious & Accurate Observ. Dissections of Cramp-fish 58 The Head of a Viper being separated from the Trunk of the Body, doth..bite, and empoison so far, as to endanger ones Life.

1802 W. Cobbett tr. G. F. von Martens Compend. of Law of Nations viii. iii. 292 Those who..enter the camp of the enemy, in order to serve as spies, or to empoison, assassinate, or corrupt.

1976 Treynor (Iowa) Rec. 4 Mar. 1/2 ‘I really empoisoned ole Em’ one giant germ growled gleefully, ‘I liberally launched a volly [sic] of virus against her vocal cords.’

1999 J. Whyte Sorcerer 412 Vials of liquid of varying colours, each of them deadly enough to empoison an entire army, if added to the water that they drank.

β. 1440 in Bull. Inst. Hist. Res. (1963) 36 90 Thomas Burgeys..and anne his wief..falsly and felonsly with the same..poysone above named..impoysoned the seid John Martyn.?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Aii He was impoysoned by venym put in his chales.1580 Apol. Pr. Orange in Phœnix (1721) I. 464 The Cardinal of Grandvelle impoison'd the last Maximilian.1599 Warning for Faire Women i. 44 Some..tyrant to obtain a crown Stabs, hangs, impoisons.a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 10 A man by his owne Almes impoyson'd . 1649 A. Ross Life Mahomet in tr. Alcoran 406 He permitted one of his dearest friends to..die impoysoned.1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 227 How many thousand children and servants are there impoisoned!1794 tr. A. Barruel Hist. Clergy during French Revol. i. 93 Impoisoned by these pestilent men.

2. transitive. To add poison to (food, drink, etc.); to cover or impregnate (an object) with poison so as to make it harmful; to make poisonous or venomous; = poison v. 3.In quot. 1622 intransitive: to become poisoned.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] > render poisonous

avenomc1314

envenomc1325

venomc1350

empoison?c1450

poisona1470

inunct1513

embane1587

venenate1623

transvenoma1667

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 142 (MED) By treson he enpoysoned [Fr. enpoisonna] an aple, and gaue it vnto this mayde.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 142 The contree folk..has enpoysound all thair wynis.

?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. M.vij^v They haue founde the meanes in our age, to empoyson the saddels of horses, bootes and spurs.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xv. 185 Yet much lyeth in our power to keepe that fount from empoisoning.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. iii. 472 Our Two Superiours are more to be suspected in impoisoning the Fountains, and corrupting our Mass of Bloud.

1717 Gen. Hist. Rebellions in Eng. 84 Edward Squire was executed for the Impoisoning the Pommel of the Queen's Saddle.

1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. ii. 6 Bowmen with their arrows most villanously empoyson'd.

1865 J. Clements tr. J. M. S. Daurignac Hist. Soc. Jesus II. 300 Don José Martinez..addressed the Fathers with words of outrage, charging them with having empoisoned the public fountains.

1972 Financial Times 20 June 3/1 Medea summons the furies of Avernus to empoison the robe she plans as Creusa's wedding-gift.

2006 A. B. Tengan Mythical Narr. in Ritual Gloss. 206 Loynun zele, We want to empoison the arrows.

†3. transitive. Esp. of venom, infection, etc.: to affect or contaminate (the blood, body, tissue, etc.) with, or as if with poison; to infect; = poison v. 1b. Obsolete.In quot. 1596 intransitive as part of an extended metaphor; cf. sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > poison [verb (transitive)]

poison1582

empoison1596

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lvi. 248 Of this Infection, that our Peers and People had, and would Remediles impoyson, if not medcine it we should By some Decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne did floe.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xi. Pref. 412 Neyther..could it [sc. gunpowder] empoyson the bodies of such as are wounded.

1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 155 When the Blood is empoysoned.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady i. vi. 50 All which must necessarily..impoison..their natural Juices.

1793 T. Cogan Rhine II. xxxviii. 128 They can neither cripple him [sc. Death] by wounding a ligament,..nor empoison the nervous system by the most envenomed shafts.

1854 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. Oct. 348 A tainted and diseased form of animal matter, capable of communicating its unhealthy state to other animal fluids, and thus empoisoning the whole blood and system.

4. transitive. To pollute or adulterate with a harmful or noxious substance; to contaminate; = poison v. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)]

afileeOE

besmiteeOE

shenda950

befilec1000

bisulienc1200

defoulc1320

file1340

foilc1380

smota1387

lime1390

solwea1400

surda1400

infectc1425

filtha1450

poison?a1513

defile1530

polluve1533

inquinate1542

pollute1548

contaminate1563

bumfiddlec1595

impure1598

conspurcate1600

defoil1601

sullya1616

vilify1615

deturpate1623

impiate1623

defedate1628

dreg1628

contemerate1650

spot1741

empoison1775

1775 tr. Petrarch in Crit. Rev. July 14 The pestilential influences of this horrid place, empoisons the pure air of Vaucluse, and will compel me to quit my retirement.

1825 W. Scott Talisman xv, in Tales Crusaders IV. 356 The simoom empoisons the atmosphere.

1872 Punch 22 June 255/1 A most cheeky bull for exempting the Bakers from the Smoke Act, and leaving them free to empoison the air, was briefly discussed.

1906 11th Ann. Rep. Pennsylvania Dept. Agric. 1905 490 The effect of several horses confined in a closed stable is to impoison the air.

2008 V. N. Parillo Encycl. Social Probl. 306/1 Not until..1978..did the federal government pass effective legislation to identify and begin cleaning up areas of land polluted and empoisoned by hazardous wastes.

II. To corrupt; to spoil.

5. transitive. To taint with sin or error; to corrupt; to exert an evil influence on; = poison v. 2a. Now rare except as merged with sense 6.Frequently in extended metaphors, esp. in early use.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt > taint or infect

smiteeOE

besmiteeOE

smitOE

besmita1250

empoisonc1400

fadec1400

infect?c1400

attainta1529

leaven1534

inquinate1542

contaminate1563

taint1573

tack1601

beleper?a1625

the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)] > imbue with hatred or dislike

envenom1533

turn1579

inviper1598

empoison1599

inviperate1672

sharpena1715

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 242 (MED) Þurȝ þe eggyng of Eve he ete of an apple Þat enpoysened alle peplez þat parted fro hem boþe.

a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 416 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 86 Prechen what ȝou list, & wiþ ȝour priuy pestilence enpoisoun þe peple.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. S.viij Riches, youthe, solitarines, and libertee ben iiii. pestilences, that enpoison the prynce.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes A. Ded. Any newe thinge that mighte..impoison with erronious doctrine the consciences.

1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 18 Some [men]..not content to spott themselues with all Italian impurities, proceed on to empoyson their country.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 144 Thou art..empoysoned with the most deadly venome of wickednesse.

1656 J. Trapp Comm. Eph. v. 3 Citizens' wives..were..impoisoned at stage-plays.

1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 292 The Deists..empoison everything they touch.

1797 J. Fox Santa-Maria II. xii. 149 Has treachery been at work to empoison the soul of innocence and beauty?

1882 T. A. Pope tr. Capecelatro Life of St. Philip Neri I. 48 An undisciplined will might..destroy or empoison all vigour of thought.

1922 S. S. Wise Child versus Parent v. 47 A crude materialism which assumes..that the mind, howsoever fed and impoisoned, even of a little child, could somehow be trusted to take care of itself.

6. transitive. To embitter (a person, his or her feelings, a relationship, etc.); to make hostile or malignant; to turn (a person or his or her mind) against.

ΚΠ

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxxiv. 199 Thyse tydynges empoysonned them alle. And put them as in despayr.

1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job (new ed.) lxxii. 374/1 We see the Diuell working..to ouerthrowe the things that are good to edifie the Church, and that men are so impoysoned against them.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 86 One doth not know, How much an ill word may impoison liking.

1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret ii. i. sig. C4 Shee hath impoysonde Your good opinion of me.

1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 136 Jests empoysoned with bitternesse.

1706 tr. R. Rapin Refl. on Hist. in Whole Crit. Wks. II. 309 He Impoysons every Subject, and gives the worst Turn to all Things that come under his Hands.

1879 J. Hawthorne Laughing Mill 75 His soul had been empoisoned against them and all the world.

1933 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune & Leader-Press 13 Aug. 6/8 Newspapers and radio stations..have..done their best to empoison the Austrian people against their rulers.

1963 Haile Selassie in Internat. Jrnl. Politics 4 (1974) 15 We must live in peace with our colonizers so as to prevent the acid of hate from consuming our spirits and empoisoning our hearts.

2004 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 28 Oct. b4 Most people are aware that the conflict steadily empoisons Mideastern politics.

7. transitive. To prove harmful or destructive to (a state, condition, etc.); to spoil or taint (a pleasure); = poison v. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to

werdec725

wema1000

evilc1000

harmc1000

hinderc1000

teenOE

scathec1175

illc1220

to wait (one) scathec1275

to have (…) wrong1303

annoya1325

grievec1330

wrong1390

to do violence to (also unto)a1393

mischievea1393

damagea1400

annulc1425

trespass1427

mischief1437

poisonc1450

injurea1492

damnify1512

prejudge1531

misfease1571

indemnify1583

bane1601

debauch1633

lese1678

empoison1780

misguggle1814

nobble1860

strafe1915

to dick up1951

1780 Lett. between Clara & Antonia II. xiv. 178 Engaged in other pursuits, that infernal villain will no more empoison our domestic joys.

1799 C. Smith Let. 23 June (2003) 326 My pleasure was empoison'd by disappointment which I shall never conquer.

1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 225 This distraction..will empoison all your joys.

1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 26 Nov. 7/5 How greatly we need a shield and defence against the fear that empoisons existence for so many among us!

1946 Amer. Catholic Sociolog. Rev. 7 31 The skull is the very symbol of the decayed flesh and the departed soul, it is beyond those vile earthly emotions which empoison down here our peace and mutual charity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	empoison
释义	empoisonv. Brit. /ɪmˈpɔɪzn/, /ɛmˈpɔɪzn/, U.S. /ɛmˈpɔɪz(ə)n/, /ᵻmˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ Forms: α. Middle English empoysone, Middle English enpoysun, Middle English–1500s enpoisen, Middle English–1500s enpoisoun, Middle English–1500s enpoysen, Middle English–1500s enpoyson, Middle English–1500s enpoysoun, Middle English–1600s enpoison, Middle English–1700s empoyson, 1500s– empoison, 1600s empoysn. β. Middle English impoysyn, Middle English inpoysyon, Middle English–1700s impoyson, 1500s– impoison, 1600s inpoison. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French empoisonner. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman empoisoner, enpoisoner and Middle French empoisonner, enpoisonner (French empoisonner ) to kill with poison (c1130 in Old French), to make (something) harmful with poison (1371–2 in the passage translated in quot. ?c1450 at sense 2, or earlier) < em- em- prefix + poison poison n. Compare earlier poison v.On the variation between initial em- and en- in the α. forms see em- prefix. With β. forms compare im- prefix¹. Now somewhat rare or archaic. I. To affect with poison. 1. transitive. To administer poison to (a person or animal); to kill or injure with poison; = poison v. 1a. Also intransitive. Also figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] apoison1297 envenomc1300 venomc1330 poisonc1350 empoisona1375 intoxicatec1450 venina1500 enveleny?c1550 bane1578 envenomize1598 pestilent1613 toxicate1635 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by poisoning envenomc1300 venomc1330 poisonc1350 empoisona1375 stranglec1374 intoxicatec1450 impotionate1570 strike1592 to fig away1609 hemlock1846 strychninea1871 α. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4650 (MED) Þei him bi-hiȝt..þat þei priueli wold enpoysoun þe king. c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 574 Empoysoned of thyn owene folk thow weere. 1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) lviii. sig. c6^v Kyng vortimer..was enpoisened and died at london. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxvi. 486 In mynde to haue enpoysoned the frenche kynge. 1604 Supplic. Certaine Masse-priests ii To murder and empoyson our late Queene. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §546 The Surfeit of them [sc. mushromes] may suffocate and empoyson. 1667 London Gaz. No. 206/2 The Grand Visier was by..practises on his person empoisoned. 1705 J. Davis tr. S. Lorenzini Curious & Accurate Observ. Dissections of Cramp-fish 58 The Head of a Viper being separated from the Trunk of the Body, doth..bite, and empoison so far, as to endanger ones Life. 1802 W. Cobbett tr. G. F. von Martens Compend. of Law of Nations viii. iii. 292 Those who..enter the camp of the enemy, in order to serve as spies, or to empoison, assassinate, or corrupt. 1976 Treynor (Iowa) Rec. 4 Mar. 1/2 ‘I really empoisoned ole Em’ one giant germ growled gleefully, ‘I liberally launched a volly [sic] of virus against her vocal cords.’ 1999 J. Whyte Sorcerer 412 Vials of liquid of varying colours, each of them deadly enough to empoison an entire army, if added to the water that they drank. β. 1440 in Bull. Inst. Hist. Res. (1963) 36 90 Thomas Burgeys..and anne his wief..falsly and felonsly with the same..poysone above named..impoysoned the seid John Martyn.?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Aii He was impoysoned by venym put in his chales.1580 Apol. Pr. Orange* in Phœnix (1721) I. 464 The Cardinal of Grandvelle impoison'd the last Maximilian.1599 Warning for Faire Women i. 44 Some..tyrant to obtain a crown Stabs, hangs, impoisons.a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 10 A man by his owne Almes impoyson'd . View more context for this quotation1649 A. Ross Life Mahomet in tr. Alcoran 406 He permitted one of his dearest friends to..die impoysoned.1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 227 How many thousand children and servants are there impoisoned!1794 tr. A. Barruel Hist. Clergy during French Revol. i. 93 Impoisoned by these pestilent men. 2. transitive. To add poison to (food, drink, etc.); to cover or impregnate (an object) with poison so as to make it harmful; to make poisonous or venomous; = poison v. 3.In quot. 1622 intransitive: to become poisoned. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] > render poisonous avenomc1314 envenomc1325 venomc1350 empoison?c1450 poisona1470 inunct1513 embane1587 venenate1623 transvenoma1667 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 142 (MED) By treson he enpoysoned [Fr. enpoisonna] an aple, and gaue it vnto this mayde. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 142 The contree folk..has enpoysound all thair wynis. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. M.vij^v They haue founde the meanes in our age, to empoyson the saddels of horses, bootes and spurs. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xv. 185 Yet much lyeth in our power to keepe that fount from empoisoning. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. iii. 472 Our Two Superiours are more to be suspected in impoisoning the Fountains, and corrupting our Mass of Bloud. 1717 Gen. Hist. Rebellions in Eng. 84 Edward Squire was executed for the Impoisoning the Pommel of the Queen's Saddle. 1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. ii. 6 Bowmen with their arrows most villanously empoyson'd. 1865 J. Clements tr. J. M. S. Daurignac Hist. Soc. Jesus II. 300 Don José Martinez..addressed the Fathers with words of outrage, charging them with having empoisoned the public fountains. 1972 Financial Times 20 June 3/1 Medea summons the furies of Avernus to empoison the robe she plans as Creusa's wedding-gift. 2006 A. B. Tengan Mythical Narr. in Ritual Gloss. 206 Loynun zele, We want to empoison the arrows. †3. transitive. Esp. of venom, infection, etc.: to affect or contaminate (the blood, body, tissue, etc.) with, or as if with poison; to infect; = poison v. 1b. Obsolete.In quot. 1596 intransitive as part of an extended metaphor; cf. sense 5. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > poison [verb (transitive)] poison1582 empoison1596 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lvi. 248 Of this Infection, that our Peers and People had, and would Remediles impoyson, if not medcine it we should By some Decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne did floe. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xi. Pref. 412 Neyther..could it [sc. gunpowder] empoyson the bodies of such as are wounded. 1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 155 When the Blood is empoysoned. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady i. vi. 50 All which must necessarily..impoison..their natural Juices. 1793 T. Cogan Rhine II. xxxviii. 128 They can neither cripple him [sc. Death] by wounding a ligament,..nor empoison the nervous system by the most envenomed shafts. 1854 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. Oct. 348 A tainted and diseased form of animal matter, capable of communicating its unhealthy state to other animal fluids, and thus empoisoning the whole blood and system. 4. transitive. To pollute or adulterate with a harmful or noxious substance; to contaminate; = poison v. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)] afileeOE besmiteeOE shenda950 befilec1000 bisulienc1200 defoulc1320 file1340 foilc1380 smota1387 lime1390 solwea1400 surda1400 infectc1425 filtha1450 poison?a1513 defile1530 polluve1533 inquinate1542 pollute1548 contaminate1563 bumfiddlec1595 impure1598 conspurcate1600 defoil1601 sullya1616 vilify1615 deturpate1623 impiate1623 defedate1628 dreg1628 contemerate1650 spot1741 empoison1775 1775 tr. Petrarch in Crit. Rev. July 14 The pestilential influences of this horrid place, empoisons the pure air of Vaucluse, and will compel me to quit my retirement. 1825 W. Scott Talisman xv, in Tales Crusaders IV. 356 The simoom empoisons the atmosphere. 1872 Punch 22 June 255/1 A most cheeky bull for exempting the Bakers from the Smoke Act, and leaving them free to empoison the air, was briefly discussed. 1906 11th Ann. Rep. Pennsylvania Dept. Agric. 1905 490 The effect of several horses confined in a closed stable is to impoison the air. 2008 V. N. Parillo Encycl. Social Probl. 306/1 Not until..1978..did the federal government pass effective legislation to identify and begin cleaning up areas of land polluted and empoisoned by hazardous wastes. II. To corrupt; to spoil. 5. transitive. To taint with sin or error; to corrupt; to exert an evil influence on; = poison v. 2a. Now rare except as merged with sense 6.Frequently in extended metaphors, esp. in early use. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt > taint or infect smiteeOE besmiteeOE smitOE besmita1250 empoisonc1400 fadec1400 infect?c1400 attainta1529 leaven1534 inquinate1542 contaminate1563 taint1573 tack1601 beleper?a1625 the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)] > imbue with hatred or dislike envenom1533 turn1579 inviper1598 empoison1599 inviperate1672 sharpena1715 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 242 (MED) Þurȝ þe eggyng of Eve he ete of an apple Þat enpoysened alle peplez þat parted fro hem boþe. a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 416 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 86 Prechen what ȝou list, & wiþ ȝour priuy pestilence enpoisoun þe peple. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. S.viij Riches, youthe, solitarines, and libertee ben iiii. pestilences, that enpoison the prynce. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes A. Ded. Any newe thinge that mighte..impoison with erronious doctrine the consciences. 1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 18 Some [men]..not content to spott themselues with all Italian impurities, proceed on to empoyson their country. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 144 Thou art..empoysoned with the most deadly venome of wickednesse. 1656 J. Trapp Comm. Eph. v. 3 Citizens' wives..were..impoisoned at stage-plays. 1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 292 The Deists..empoison everything they touch. 1797 J. Fox Santa-Maria II. xii. 149 Has treachery been at work to empoison the soul of innocence and beauty? 1882 T. A. Pope tr. Capecelatro Life of St. Philip Neri I. 48 An undisciplined will might..destroy or empoison all vigour of thought. 1922 S. S. Wise Child versus Parent v. 47 A crude materialism which assumes..that the mind, howsoever fed and impoisoned, even of a little child, could somehow be trusted to take care of itself. 6. transitive. To embitter (a person, his or her feelings, a relationship, etc.); to make hostile or malignant; to turn (a person or his or her mind) against. ΚΠ 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxxiv. 199 Thyse tydynges empoysonned them alle. And put them as in despayr. 1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job (new ed.) lxxii. 374/1 We see the Diuell working..to ouerthrowe the things that are good to edifie the Church, and that men are so impoysoned against them. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 86 One doth not know, How much an ill word may impoison liking. View more context for this quotation 1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret ii. i. sig. C4 Shee hath impoysonde Your good opinion of me. 1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 136 Jests empoysoned with bitternesse. 1706 tr. R. Rapin Refl. on Hist. in Whole Crit. Wks. II. 309 He Impoysons every Subject, and gives the worst Turn to all Things that come under his Hands. 1879 J. Hawthorne Laughing Mill 75 His soul had been empoisoned against them and all the world. 1933 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune & Leader-Press 13 Aug. 6/8 Newspapers and radio stations..have..done their best to empoison the Austrian people against their rulers. 1963 Haile Selassie in Internat. Jrnl. Politics 4 (1974) 15 We must live in peace with our colonizers so as to prevent the acid of hate from consuming our spirits and empoisoning our hearts. 2004 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 28 Oct. b4 Most people are aware that the conflict steadily empoisons Mideastern politics. 7. transitive. To prove harmful or destructive to (a state, condition, etc.); to spoil or taint (a pleasure); = poison v. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to werdec725 wema1000 evilc1000 harmc1000 hinderc1000 teenOE scathec1175 illc1220 to wait (one) scathec1275 to have (…) wrong1303 annoya1325 grievec1330 wrong1390 to do violence to (also unto)a1393 mischievea1393 damagea1400 annulc1425 trespass1427 mischief1437 poisonc1450 injurea1492 damnify1512 prejudge1531 misfease1571 indemnify1583 bane1601 debauch1633 lese1678 empoison1780 misguggle1814 nobble1860 strafe1915 to dick up1951 1780 Lett. between Clara & Antonia II. xiv. 178 Engaged in other pursuits, that infernal villain will no more empoison our domestic joys. 1799 C. Smith Let. 23 June (2003) 326 My pleasure was empoison'd by disappointment which I shall never conquer. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 225 This distraction..will empoison all your joys. 1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 26 Nov. 7/5 How greatly we need a shield and defence against the fear that empoisons existence for so many among us! 1946 Amer. Catholic Sociolog. Rev. 7 31 The skull is the very symbol of the decayed flesh and the departed soul, it is beyond those vile earthly emotions which empoison down here our peace and mutual charity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1375
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