engrainingrainv.¹

/ɛnˈɡreɪn/

/ɪnˈɡreɪn/

Forms: Also Middle English engreyne, 1500s engrene.

Etymology: < en- prefix¹, in- prefix³ + grain n.¹Palsgrave 1530 gives a French engrainer to dye. The word, whether first formed in French or English, was suggested by the French phrase en graine (adapted in English as in grain ) where graine means the cochineal dye. Hence to engrain and to dye in grain meant originally to dye with cochineal, and subsequently to dye in any fast colour. But afterwards they came to be associated with the word grain , < French grain , the ‘fibre’ or minute structure of a thing; so that in modern use ‘to dye in (the) grain’ means to impregnate the very substance of the material with the dye, to dye the wool before it is woven; and the present senses of the verb engrain have distinct reference to grain ‘minute structure.’ On the whole the form engrain is now preferred to ingrain ; see however the note on engrained adj.

†1. transitive. To dye scarlet or crimson with cochineal; hence, to dye in fast colours, dye in grain. Also transferred and figurative. Obsolete or archaic.Already regarded as an archaism in Spenser's time, as the glossary to Shep. Cal. explains engrained by ‘dyed in grain.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > dye [verb (transitive)] > fast dye

engrain1377

dyec1386

to dye in (the) wool, in grainc1386

mastera1398

grain1530

begrain1855

α.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ii. 15 Hire robe was ful riche of red scarlet engreyned.

1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 162 Fyne crymysyne engreyned.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Ci^v I delyuerd my clothes engrened to mayster foster.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 13 Clothe of the colours of scarlet, crimosen, or violet engrayned.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 131 With Leaues engrained in lusty greene.

1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K4^v The Rose engrained in pure scarlet die.

1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C4 His worth in honours purest dye engraine.

β. 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xlvii. 316 They shal not be clothed in softe or preciouse apparel, as veluet, sattin, or damaske, or crimosine ingrayned, but in sackecloth.1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. cxxii. sig. M2^v Her fieldes engrain'd with bloud.1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 144 A colour in-grained with the dung of a Crocodile.1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 171 It being true blew Gotham or Hobbes ingrain'd.1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 163 Milesian wools..ingrained With Tyrian crimsons.

2. To cause (a dye) to sink into the texture of a fabric; to work (a foreign substance) into the ‘fibre’, the intimate structure of anything. Chiefly figurative to implant ineradicably (habits, convictions, prejudices, tastes) in a person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > so as to be firmly fixed

infix?1504

implant1545

engraina1641

α.

a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 129 When the spots are engrained, and will not out by scouring, etc.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 124 The stain hath become engrained by time and consuetude.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. i. 43 With such force had the circumstance just narrated engrained superstition in the Scotch character.

1862 F. M. Müller in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 380 The feeling..is so deeply engrained in human nature.

β. 1746–7 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 42 Evil habits..thoroughly ingrained in the disposition.1878 N. Amer. Rev. 127 20 This republicanism the Talmudists have ingrained in him.

3. In passive: To be indelibly marked with.

ΚΠ

1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 160 A post very old, and ingrained with filth.

†a. To give a certain kind of texture to. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > [verb (transitive)] > impart (a specified) texture to

engrain1593

ding1893

texturize1959

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 72 She was wont, in Asses mylke to bathe her, to engraine her skyn more gentle, plyant, delicate and supple.

b. To form a granular surface on (the skin).Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle

frounce1390

shrinka1398

rivel1543

irrugate1566

wrinkle1566

plough1590

wrinklec1590

furrow1597

purse1598

ruge1615

trench1624

lirkc1686

seam1695

line1819

wrink1821

engrain1862

1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter 32 The countless little wrinkles which engrained his skin.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	engrain
释义	engrainingrainv.¹ /ɛnˈɡreɪn//ɪnˈɡreɪn/ Forms: Also Middle English engreyne, 1500s engrene. Etymology: < en- prefix¹, in- prefix³ + grain n.¹Palsgrave 1530 gives a French engrainer to dye. The word, whether first formed in French or English, was suggested by the French phrase en graine (adapted in English as in grain ) where graine means the cochineal dye. Hence to engrain and to dye in grain meant originally to dye with cochineal, and subsequently to dye in any fast colour. But afterwards they came to be associated with the word grain , < French grain , the ‘fibre’ or minute structure of a thing; so that in modern use ‘to dye in (the) grain’ means to impregnate the very substance of the material with the dye, to dye the wool before it is woven; and the present senses of the verb engrain have distinct reference to grain ‘minute structure.’ On the whole the form engrain is now preferred to ingrain ; see however the note on engrained adj. †1. transitive. To dye scarlet or crimson with cochineal; hence, to dye in fast colours, dye in grain. Also transferred and figurative. Obsolete or archaic.Already regarded as an archaism in Spenser's time, as the glossary to Shep. Cal. explains engrained by ‘dyed in grain.’ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > dye [verb (transitive)] > fast dye engrain1377 dyec1386 to dye in (the) wool, in grainc1386 mastera1398 grain1530 begrain1855 α. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ii. 15 Hire robe was ful riche of red scarlet engreyned. 1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 162 Fyne crymysyne engreyned. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Ci^v I delyuerd my clothes engrened to mayster foster. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 13 Clothe of the colours of scarlet, crimosen, or violet engrayned. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 131 With Leaues engrained in lusty greene. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K4^v The Rose engrained in pure scarlet die. 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C4 His worth in honours purest dye engraine. β. 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xlvii. 316 They shal not be clothed in softe or preciouse apparel, as veluet, sattin, or damaske, or crimosine ingrayned, but in sackecloth.1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. cxxii. sig. M2^v Her fieldes engrain'd with bloud.1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 144 A colour in-grained with the dung of a Crocodile.1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 171 It being true blew Gotham or Hobbes ingrain'd.1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 163 Milesian wools..ingrained With Tyrian crimsons. 2. To cause (a dye) to sink into the texture of a fabric; to work (a foreign substance) into the ‘fibre’, the intimate structure of anything. Chiefly figurative to implant ineradicably (habits, convictions, prejudices, tastes) in a person. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > so as to be firmly fixed infix?1504 implant1545 engraina1641 α. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 129 When the spots are engrained, and will not out by scouring, etc. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 124 The stain hath become engrained by time and consuetude. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. i. 43 With such force had the circumstance just narrated engrained superstition in the Scotch character. 1862 F. M. Müller in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 380 The feeling..is so deeply engrained in human nature. β. 1746–7 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 42 Evil habits..thoroughly ingrained in the disposition.1878 N. Amer. Rev. 127 20 This republicanism the Talmudists have ingrained in him. 3. In passive: To be indelibly marked with. ΚΠ 1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 160 A post very old, and ingrained with filth. 4. †a. To give a certain kind of texture to. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > [verb (transitive)] > impart (a specified) texture to engrain1593 ding1893 texturize1959 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 72 She was wont, in Asses mylke to bathe her, to engraine her skyn more gentle, plyant, delicate and supple. b. To form a granular surface on (the skin).Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle frounce1390 shrinka1398 rivel1543 irrugate1566 wrinkle1566 plough1590 wrinklec1590 furrow1597 purse1598 ruge1615 trench1624 lirkc1686 seam1695 line1819 wrink1821 engrain1862 1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter 32 The countless little wrinkles which engrained his skin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † engrainv.² Etymology: < French engrener, < en- (see en- prefix¹) + grain lit. ‘grain’. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. Of a toothed wheel, etc.: To fit into a corresponding toothed piece of machinery. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > of wheel: operate [verb (intransitive)] > interlock engraina1774 engage1884 a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 52 By means of the toothed wheel F engraining in the toothed rack Dd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.¹1377v.²a1774
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engrainingrainv.1

† engrainv.2

engrainingrainv.¹

† engrainv.²