† eliten.¹

Forms:

α. Middle English elite, Middle English ellite, 1600s elyte; Scottish pre-1700 elyte.

β. Scottish pre-1700 eleit.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French eslit.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman eslit person chosen for an office (late 13th cent. or earlier; early 14th cent. or earlier ‘bishop elect’; 12th cent. in sense ‘person chosen by God’), use as noun of eslit, variant past participle of eslire to choose (see elite v.). Compare slightly later elect n.²In (Older Scots) β. forms probably showing a later (learned) reborrowing < Middle French eslit at a time when Middle French /iː/ was identified with the (raised) reflex of early Scots long close ē (see A. J. Aitken & C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §15).

Obsolete.

A person chosen for an office; spec. a bishop elect; = elect n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun] > nomination to office > fact of being nominated > one who is nominated

elite?a1400

electc1425

electee1593

nominate1599

nominee1688

nomination1833

presentee1838

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 5125 Eft he bad þam chese a man of gode renoun... Þe pape wild not consent, he quassed þer elite.

c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 155 Þe pope see [of Rome] was fer fro þe elites [a1425 Harl. 1900 ellites; ?a1475 Harl. 2261 men electe; 1482 Caxton ellysers; L. ab ipsis electis].

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 1484 Richarde bischope in his stede Choyssyn he was concorditer, And elyte twa ȝher bade efter.

1592 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1866) I. 386 Nochtwithstanding that for obserwing of the forme, thair names be insert in the saidis leittis, viz., the eleittis of prowestrie, [etc.].

1681 in W. Bates Vitæ 72 John Carpenter elyte of the Chirch of Worcester, now Bishop of the same.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

eliten.²adj.

Brit.

/ᵻˈliːt/,

/eɪˈliːt/, U.S.

/ᵻˈlit/,

/eɪˈlit/,

/iˈlit/

Forms: 1700s– elite, 1700s– élite.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French élite.

Etymology: < French élite choice part of something (late 13th cent.), specific use of eslite selection, choice (late 12th cent.), use as noun of feminine of †eslit , variant past participle of eslire to choose (see elite v.).The French noun was also borrowed into many other European languages.

A. n.²

a. The pick or choice part (of society, a group of people, etc.), the flower; spec. (a) a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society; (b) a group or class of people seen as having the most power and influence in a society, especially on account of their wealth or privilege. Cf. also corps d'élite at corps n.¹ 2b.intellectual elite, power elite: see the final element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > the choice or pick > people

choicea1616

elite1738

crème de la crème1848

corps d'élite1884

premier league1898

sacred circle1939

1738 J. Breval Remarks Several Parts of Europe: Tours since 1723 II. 312 In this, and the adjoining Rooms, is the Elite of the Royal Collection of Pitures, tho' not all hung in the best Light.

1797 T. W. Tone Mem. in Writings (2009) III. 124 The troops should be disembarked, except from 2,500 to 3,000 men of the élite of the army which..should remain on board the frigates.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII lxxx. 95 With other Countesses of Blank—but rank; At once the ‘lie’ and the ‘elite’ of crowds.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 439 The élite of the Russian nobility [Fr. toute la noblesse russe].

1880 G. Smith in Atlantic Monthly No. 268. 212 If we take into consideration..the élite of a comparatively civilized generation.

1924 W. Holtby Crowded Street iii. 27 The magic circle of ‘Them’, the great ones. ‘They’ were the élite, the prefects and the games captains.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xlix. 161 His [sc. Lenin's] conception of the ‘narrow’ party consisting of an élite, whose more highly developed class consciousness enables it to see further than those among whom it works.

1977 P. Caputo Rumor of War 31 In their view, it was the best battalion in the best branch, an elite within an elite. Their clannish, cliquish attitude was almost palpable.

2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 250 The doors behind the sultan opened into two routes—both of which were only to be trod by the select, the elite, of the land.

b. A person belonging to such a group or class. Frequently in plural.

ΚΠ

1849 C. W. O'Reilly tr. F. Werne Exped. Source of White Nile II. v. 119 A troop of élites, assembled before the crowd, run in close column backwards and forwards.

1890 Weekly Breeze (Monroeville, Indiana) 25 Sept. 1/3 Six young men who..consider themselves the elites, or society dudes of the town.

1965 Public Opinion Q. 29 239 Civil servants, academics, and elites under fifty-five years of age took the poorest view of Britain's international prestige.

1995 L. M. Bourgault Mass Media in Sub-Saharan Afr. ii. 30 An elite is also expected to share in the spoils of his or her position.

2018 Daily Rec. & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 8 Jan. 52 Gallacher..is here along with fellow elites of the game in preparation for the new campaign.

2. A size of type used on typewriters, measuring horizontally twelve characters to the inch (about 4.7 to the centimetre). Also applied to computer fonts based on this.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > typewriter type > specific size of letters

elite1889

1889 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 26 Jan. 10/2 (advt.) Ask to see the..new ‘Elite’ type on the Remington Typewriter. This new style is especially adapted for polite correspondence.

1923 Amer. Type Founders Co., Specimen Bk. Popular Typewriter Faces..10 Point Elite Underwood.

1951 J. Steinbeck About Ed Ricketts in J. Steinbeck & E. F. Ricketts Log from ‘Sea of Cortez’ p. liv The neat page full of small elite type.

1986 ZX Computing Monthly Oct. 76/2 There are two 10 cpi fonts..two 12 cpi, Elite (traditional), Piazza (italic), and a proportional font.

2008 P. L. Fradkin W. Stegner & Amer. West (2009) 78 Stegner..hammered on typewriter ribbons until the small elite typeface was almost illegible.

B. adj.

Of or belonging to an elite; exclusive, select.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > choice or excellent > exclusive

elite1808

select1836

exclusive1942

1808 Caledonian Mercury 5 Sept. The French had a whole elite corps of grenadier guards cut actually to pieces in this affair.

1852 C. M. Yonge Two Guardians viii. 143 She did not belong to those élite circles.

1912 J. H. Moore Ethics & Educ. xiv. 111 The fighting instinct persists so strongly, even in élite peoples, that all our games nearly..are arranged on the plan of a battle.

1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 209 The proposal aims at the creation of an élite force, within the framework of the Atlantic Pact.

1962 G. Murchie Music of Spheres ii. 24 The most elite of the elite new breeds grew powerful antigravity muscles and air gills called lungs.

1985 P. W. On & C. H. Persell in P. W. Cookson & C. H. Persell Preparing for Power i. 28 Janitors pick up the litter of the elite students and the dogs.

2014 G. Tholen Changing Nature of Graduate Labour Market ii. 45 Recruitment practices for elite graduate positions may not deliberately be unmeritocratic.

Compounds

C1. Instrumental.

ΚΠ

1948 T. S. Eliot Notes Def. Culture ii. 36 An élite-governed society.

1975 Asian Surv. 15 1000 Moreover, the middle class was feeling the pinch, and that can lead to disaster in any poor, elite-dominated political order.

1990 A. M. Wightman Indigenous Migration & Social Change v. 106 Most of the damage reports emphasized the destruction of elite-owned property.

2016 Irish Times (Nexis) 29 Dec. 1 Those who voted for Trump or for Brexit were branded globalisation's losers—victims of elite-driven trade liberalisation.

C2. attributive. Designating plants, seeds, crops, etc., which are selected for seed collection, breeding, or propagation because they possess desirable traits, as elite stand, elite tree, etc.In early use difficult to distinguish from sense A. 1a(a).

ΚΠ

1899 Beet Sugar Gaz. July 13/2 The elite mother beets..are assorted by their typical properties of form, color and external marks of the roots.

1907 H. de Vries Plant-breeding ii. 94 Those races..for which the seed must be produced anew in each generation from a stock of so-called élite plants.

1936 Forestry 10 35 By this process, in every fifth row of trees élite trees were selected, roughly every fifth stem when suitable.

1982 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1981 76 Sources of this increased genetic diversity include elite varieties from other parts of the world.

1994 Irish Jrnl. Agric. & Food Res. 33 75/2 Elite seed (35 to 45 mm) was sprouted in a horticultural-type polythene tunnel.

2012 D. Pigott Lime-trees & Basswoods viii. 68/2 Insufficient attention has been given to selection of ‘elite’ stands for sources of seeds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† elitev.

Forms: Middle English elit (past participle, in a late copy), Middle English elite (past participle), Middle English elyte.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French elit, elire.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French elit (12th cent. in Old French as eslit ), former past participle (see below) of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French elire to choose between several persons or things (c1100), to elect (a person) to an office (beginning of the 13th cent.) < an unattested post-classical Latin form *exlegere , alteration (after classical Latin legere to read: see lection n.) of classical Latin ēligere to choose (see elect v.). Compare earlier elite n.¹The more usual past participle of the French verb is Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French esleü , Anglo-Norman and Middle French eslu , French élu (late 12th cent.). The form in -lit is influenced by classical Latin ēlectus , past participle of ēligere (see elect v.).

Obsolete.

transitive. To choose; esp. to elect to office.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)]

elite?1440

electa1513

voice1594

vote1643

scratch1841

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 892 This mulis forto make..A mare yboned sadde..most ben elite.

1461 T. Denys in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 344 He may not of reson do so largely..be-cause he is elyted, as the comouns myght.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 25^v Of his deghter..One Crousa was cald..Þat Eneas afterward Elit to wed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹?a1400

n.²adj.1738

v.?1440

单词	elite
释义	† eliten.¹ Forms: α. Middle English elite, Middle English ellite, 1600s elyte; Scottish pre-1700 elyte. β. Scottish pre-1700 eleit. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French eslit. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman eslit person chosen for an office (late 13th cent. or earlier; early 14th cent. or earlier ‘bishop elect’; 12th cent. in sense ‘person chosen by God’), use as noun of eslit, variant past participle of eslire to choose (see elite v.). Compare slightly later elect n.²In (Older Scots) β. forms probably showing a later (learned) reborrowing < Middle French eslit at a time when Middle French /iː/ was identified with the (raised) reflex of early Scots long close ē (see A. J. Aitken & C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §15). Obsolete. A person chosen for an office; spec. a bishop elect; = elect n.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun] > nomination to office > fact of being nominated > one who is nominated elite?a1400 electc1425 electee1593 nominate1599 nominee1688 nomination1833 presentee1838 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 5125 Eft he bad þam chese a man of gode renoun... Þe pape wild not consent, he quassed þer elite. c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 155 Þe pope see [of Rome] was fer fro þe elites [a1425 Harl. 1900 ellites; ?a1475 Harl. 2261 men electe; 1482 Caxton ellysers; L. ab ipsis electis]. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 1484 Richarde bischope in his stede Choyssyn he was concorditer, And elyte twa ȝher bade efter. 1592 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1866) I. 386 Nochtwithstanding that for obserwing of the forme, thair names be insert in the saidis leittis, viz., the eleittis of prowestrie, [etc.]. 1681 in W. Bates Vitæ 72 John Carpenter elyte of the Chirch of Worcester, now Bishop of the same. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online September 2021). eliten.²adj. Brit. /ᵻˈliːt/, /eɪˈliːt/, U.S. /ᵻˈlit/, /eɪˈlit/, /iˈlit/ Forms: 1700s– elite, 1700s– élite. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French élite. Etymology: < French élite choice part of something (late 13th cent.), specific use of eslite selection, choice (late 12th cent.), use as noun of feminine of †eslit , variant past participle of eslire to choose (see elite v.).The French noun was also borrowed into many other European languages. A. n.² 1. a. The pick or choice part (of society, a group of people, etc.), the flower; spec. (a) a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society; (b) a group or class of people seen as having the most power and influence in a society, especially on account of their wealth or privilege. Cf. also corps d'élite at corps n.¹ 2b.intellectual elite, power elite: see the final element. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > the choice or pick > people choicea1616 elite1738 crème de la crème1848 corps d'élite1884 premier league1898 sacred circle1939 1738 J. Breval Remarks Several Parts of Europe: Tours since 1723 II. 312 In this, and the adjoining Rooms, is the Elite of the Royal Collection of Pitures, tho' not all hung in the best Light. 1797 T. W. Tone Mem. in Writings (2009) III. 124 The troops should be disembarked, except from 2,500 to 3,000 men of the élite of the army which..should remain on board the frigates. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII lxxx. 95 With other Countesses of Blank—but rank; At once the ‘lie’ and the ‘elite’ of crowds. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 439 The élite of the Russian nobility [Fr. toute la noblesse russe]. 1880 G. Smith in Atlantic Monthly No. 268. 212 If we take into consideration..the élite of a comparatively civilized generation. 1924 W. Holtby Crowded Street iii. 27 The magic circle of ‘Them’, the great ones. ‘They’ were the élite, the prefects and the games captains. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xlix. 161 His [sc. Lenin's] conception of the ‘narrow’ party consisting of an élite, whose more highly developed class consciousness enables it to see further than those among whom it works. 1977 P. Caputo Rumor of War 31 In their view, it was the best battalion in the best branch, an elite within an elite. Their clannish, cliquish attitude was almost palpable. 2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 250 The doors behind the sultan opened into two routes—both of which were only to be trod by the select, the elite, of the land. b. A person belonging to such a group or class. Frequently in plural. ΚΠ 1849 C. W. O'Reilly tr. F. Werne Exped. Source of White Nile II. v. 119 A troop of élites, assembled before the crowd, run in close column backwards and forwards. 1890 Weekly Breeze (Monroeville, Indiana) 25 Sept. 1/3 Six young men who..consider themselves the elites, or society dudes of the town. 1965 Public Opinion Q. 29 239 Civil servants, academics, and elites under fifty-five years of age took the poorest view of Britain's international prestige. 1995 L. M. Bourgault Mass Media in Sub-Saharan Afr. ii. 30 An elite is also expected to share in the spoils of his or her position. 2018 Daily Rec. & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 8 Jan. 52 Gallacher..is here along with fellow elites of the game in preparation for the new campaign. 2. A size of type used on typewriters, measuring horizontally twelve characters to the inch (about 4.7 to the centimetre). Also applied to computer fonts based on this. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > typewriter type > specific size of letters elite1889 1889 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 26 Jan. 10/2 (advt.) Ask to see the..new ‘Elite’ type on the Remington Typewriter. This new style is especially adapted for polite correspondence. 1923 Amer. Type Founders Co., Specimen Bk. Popular Typewriter Faces..10 Point Elite Underwood. 1951 J. Steinbeck About Ed Ricketts in J. Steinbeck & E. F. Ricketts Log from ‘Sea of Cortez’ p. liv The neat page full of small elite type. 1986 ZX Computing Monthly Oct. 76/2 There are two 10 cpi fonts..two 12 cpi, Elite (traditional), Piazza (italic), and a proportional font. 2008 P. L. Fradkin W. Stegner & Amer. West (2009) 78 Stegner..hammered on typewriter ribbons until the small elite typeface was almost illegible. B. adj. Of or belonging to an elite; exclusive, select. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > choice or excellent > exclusive elite1808 select1836 exclusive1942 1808 Caledonian Mercury 5 Sept. The French had a whole elite corps of grenadier guards cut actually to pieces in this affair. 1852 C. M. Yonge Two Guardians viii. 143 She did not belong to those élite circles. 1912 J. H. Moore Ethics & Educ. xiv. 111 The fighting instinct persists so strongly, even in élite peoples, that all our games nearly..are arranged on the plan of a battle. 1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 209 The proposal aims at the creation of an élite force, within the framework of the Atlantic Pact. 1962 G. Murchie Music of Spheres ii. 24 The most elite of the elite new breeds grew powerful antigravity muscles and air gills called lungs. 1985 P. W. On & C. H. Persell in P. W. Cookson & C. H. Persell Preparing for Power i. 28 Janitors pick up the litter of the elite students and the dogs. 2014 G. Tholen Changing Nature of Graduate Labour Market ii. 45 Recruitment practices for elite graduate positions may not deliberately be unmeritocratic. Compounds C1. Instrumental. ΚΠ 1948 T. S. Eliot Notes Def. Culture ii. 36 An élite-governed society. 1975 Asian Surv. 15 1000 Moreover, the middle class was feeling the pinch, and that can lead to disaster in any poor, elite-dominated political order. 1990 A. M. Wightman Indigenous Migration & Social Change v. 106 Most of the damage reports emphasized the destruction of elite-owned property. 2016 Irish Times (Nexis) 29 Dec. 1 Those who voted for Trump or for Brexit were branded globalisation's losers—victims of elite-driven trade liberalisation. C2. attributive. Designating plants, seeds, crops, etc., which are selected for seed collection, breeding, or propagation because they possess desirable traits, as elite stand, elite tree, etc.In early use difficult to distinguish from sense A. 1a(a). ΚΠ 1899 Beet Sugar Gaz. July 13/2 The elite mother beets..are assorted by their typical properties of form, color and external marks of the roots. 1907 H. de Vries Plant-breeding ii. 94 Those races..for which the seed must be produced anew in each generation from a stock of so-called élite plants. 1936 Forestry 10 35 By this process, in every fifth row of trees élite trees were selected, roughly every fifth stem when suitable. 1982 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1981 76 Sources of this increased genetic diversity include elite varieties from other parts of the world. 1994 Irish Jrnl. Agric. & Food Res. 33 75/2 Elite seed (35 to 45 mm) was sprouted in a horticultural-type polythene tunnel. 2012 D. Pigott Lime-trees & Basswoods viii. 68/2 Insufficient attention has been given to selection of ‘elite’ stands for sources of seeds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † elitev. Forms: Middle English elit (past participle, in a late copy), Middle English elite (past participle), Middle English elyte. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French elit, elire. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French elit (12th cent. in Old French as eslit ), former past participle (see below) of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French elire to choose between several persons or things (c1100), to elect (a person) to an office (beginning of the 13th cent.) < an unattested post-classical Latin form exlegere , alteration (after classical Latin legere* to read: see lection n.) of classical Latin ēligere to choose (see elect v.). Compare earlier elite n.¹The more usual past participle of the French verb is Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French esleü , Anglo-Norman and Middle French eslu , French élu (late 12th cent.). The form in -lit is influenced by classical Latin ēlectus , past participle of ēligere (see elect v.). Obsolete. transitive. To choose; esp. to elect to office. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] elite?1440 electa1513 voice1594 vote1643 scratch1841 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 892 This mulis forto make..A mare yboned sadde..most ben elite. 1461 T. Denys in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 344 He may not of reson do so largely..be-cause he is elyted, as the comouns myght. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 25^v Of his deghter..One Crousa was cald..Þat Eneas afterward Elit to wed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹?a1400n.²adj.1738v.?1440
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† eliten.1

eliten.2adj.

Compounds

† elitev.

† eliten.¹

eliten.²adj.