† aloutv.

Forms: see a- prefix¹ and lout v.¹; also early Middle English alyten (past participle).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, lout v.¹

Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + lout v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class II; distinctively strong inflections survive into early Middle English, but in later Middle English only weak forms are attested. The past participle form alyten (see quot. c1175 at sense 1) probably shows a reverse spelling of y for u (attested elsewhere in the same source), with the u itself (instead of expected o ; compare the original Old English form in the variant reading) having arisen either by levelling from the past tense plural or by analogy with the past participles of other strong verbs. In Old English the collocation forð alūtan (compare forth adv.) has sometimes been interpreted as a compound (compare discussion at out- prefix).

Obsolete.

1. intransitive. To bow down, stoop, bend over.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down

stoopc893

bowOE

aloutOE

fold13..

bendc1374

courbe1377

curb1377

inclinec1390

declinea1400

nuzzlec1450

buckle1600

doup1694

huckle1854

overbend1856

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 293 Se halga aleat and astrehte his swuran under ðam scinendan brande.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiv. 12 Þa aras petrus & arn to þære byrgyne, & alutende [c1200 Hatton alutede; L. procumbens] he geseah þa linwæda sylfe alede.

c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 84 Ealle heo beoþ alytene & lybbæþ bi þare eorþan [OE Julius hi ealle swaþæh alotene beoð to þære eorðan weard], ac þe mon ane hæfð uprihtne geong.

a. intransitive. To bow down to a person, esp. as a sign of deference or worship. More generally: to pay homage, show deference. Usually with to (in early use also with with). Also figurative.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxvi. 486 And ealle englas stodon on ymbhwyrfte his þrymsetles & aluton to Gode.

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Claud.) xxii. 31 He geseah þone engel..& he hnah to eorðan, & aleat wið ðæs engles [L. adoravitque eum pronus in terram].

?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 109 (MED) Þat child, þat was so wilde & wlong, to me a-lute lowe.

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1228 Þe shrewes..in skorn gonne to a-loute.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3721 (MED) How loueli it [sc. a werewolf] a-louted lowe to vs.

a1400 Prick of Conscience (BL Add. 11305) (1863) l. 1182 All men that to him [sc. the world] wol allowte.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 139 Kutt þe vpper crust, for youre souerayne, & to hym alowt.

a1500 St. Katherine (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 163 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd. Ser. 261 All they schall alowt to thee, Yf þou wylt alowte to me.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 750 Lordes sones lowly to þo losells [schal] aloute.

b. transitive. To bow down to, esp. as a sign of deference or worship. More generally: to pay homage or show deference to.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > kneel or bow

aloutc1390

kneea1616

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to

lout971

abowOE

aloutc1390

obeishc1400

curtsy1566

cringe1609

leg1628

salaam1684

wreathe1730

bob1847

c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 271 (MED) For wolde he no fals godus a loute, But preied crist inwardly.

c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 117 (MED) Heyest & lowest hym Loved & alowte.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxix. f. lxxvj^v Alle folke the alouteth and obeyeth.

c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 852 Þe ludes in þe lond alouten him shall.

3. intransitive. To fall forward. Also with down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > forwards

aloutc1300

pecka1800

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 2140 (MED) The thridde..therafter him smot anon, And makede him aloute adoun, his face upe the ston.

1484 Lydgate's Lyf Our Lady (Caxton) sig. hj^v He [sc. statue of Romulus] alowted vpon the same nyght Whan cryst was bore of a pure virgyne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alout
释义	† aloutv. Forms: see a- prefix¹ and lout v.¹; also early Middle English alyten (past participle). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, lout v.¹ Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + lout v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class II; distinctively strong inflections survive into early Middle English, but in later Middle English only weak forms are attested. The past participle form alyten (see quot. c1175 at sense 1) probably shows a reverse spelling of y for u (attested elsewhere in the same source), with the u itself (instead of expected o ; compare the original Old English form in the variant reading) having arisen either by levelling from the past tense plural or by analogy with the past participles of other strong verbs. In Old English the collocation forð alūtan (compare forth adv.) has sometimes been interpreted as a compound (compare discussion at out- prefix). Obsolete. 1. intransitive. To bow down, stoop, bend over. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down stoopc893 bowOE aloutOE fold13.. bendc1374 courbe1377 curb1377 inclinec1390 declinea1400 nuzzlec1450 buckle1600 doup1694 huckle1854 overbend1856 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 293 Se halga aleat and astrehte his swuran under ðam scinendan brande. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiv. 12 Þa aras petrus & arn to þære byrgyne, & alutende [c1200 Hatton alutede; L. procumbens] he geseah þa linwæda sylfe alede. c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 84 Ealle heo beoþ alytene & lybbæþ bi þare eorþan [OE Julius hi ealle swaþæh alotene beoð to þære eorðan weard], ac þe mon ane hæfð uprihtne geong. 2. a. intransitive. To bow down to a person, esp. as a sign of deference or worship. More generally: to pay homage, show deference. Usually with to (in early use also with with). Also figurative. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxvi. 486 And ealle englas stodon on ymbhwyrfte his þrymsetles & aluton to Gode. OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Claud.) xxii. 31 He geseah þone engel..& he hnah to eorðan, & aleat wið ðæs engles [L. adoravitque eum pronus in terram]. ?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 109 (MED) Þat child, þat was so wilde & wlong, to me a-lute lowe. a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1228 Þe shrewes..in skorn gonne to a-loute. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3721 (MED) How loueli it [sc. a werewolf] a-louted lowe to vs. a1400 Prick of Conscience (BL Add. 11305) (1863) l. 1182 All men that to him [sc. the world] wol allowte. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 139 Kutt þe vpper crust, for youre souerayne, & to hym alowt. a1500 St. Katherine (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 163 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd. Ser. 261 All they schall alowt to thee, Yf þou wylt alowte to me. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 750 Lordes sones lowly to þo losells [schal] aloute. b. transitive. To bow down to, esp. as a sign of deference or worship. More generally: to pay homage or show deference to. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > kneel or bow aloutc1390 kneea1616 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to lout971 abowOE aloutc1390 obeishc1400 curtsy1566 cringe1609 leg1628 salaam1684 wreathe1730 bob1847 c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 271 (MED) For wolde he no fals godus a loute, But preied crist inwardly. c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 117 (MED) Heyest & lowest hym Loved & alowte. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxix. f. lxxvj^v Alle folke the alouteth and obeyeth. c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 852 Þe ludes in þe lond alouten him shall. 3. intransitive. To fall forward. Also with down. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > forwards aloutc1300 pecka1800 c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 2140 (MED) The thridde..therafter him smot anon, And makede him aloute adoun, his face upe the ston. 1484 Lydgate's Lyf Our Lady (Caxton) sig. hj^v He [sc. statue of Romulus] alowted vpon the same nyght Whan cryst was bore of a pure virgyne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.OE
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