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单词 empyema
释义

empyeman.

Brit. /ˌɛmpʌɪˈiːmə/, U.S. /ˌɛmpaɪˈimə/
Inflections: Plural empyemata, empyemas.
Forms: late Middle English empima, late Middle English empina, 1500s emptima, 1500s–1600s empiema, 1600s– empyema.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin empyema, empyma.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin empyema gathering of pus, abscess (4th cent.; also empyma, empima (from 13th cent. in British sources)) < ancient Greek ἐμπύημα gathering of pus, abscess < ἐμπυεῖν to suppurate (Hippocrates; < ἐμ- , variant (before a labial) of ἐν- en- prefix2 + -πυεῖν (apparently only attested in compounds) < πύος pus: see pus n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare Middle French empeine , Middle French, French empyème empyem n.
Medicine.
1.
a. The condition of having an accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity; an instance of this; = pyothorax n. at pyo- comb. form .Empyema most commonly occurs as a complication of pneumonia, but also may follow trauma to the chest, thoracic surgery, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > other lung disorders
empyemaa1398
emphysema?1587
empyem1597
rising of the lights1630
pleurocele1706
pneumopleuritis1718
pneumonitis1817
pneumothorax1821
pneumatothorax1823
hepatization1834
mediastinitis1842
pleurobronchitis1843
pyothorax1846
splenization1849
pleuropericarditis1852
splenification1859
pneumocele1860
pyopneumothorax1867
pneumatocele1885
pneumolith1890
cavitation1909
Pancoast's syndrome1936
Pancoast's tumour1941
hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome)1953
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xxx. 374 Empima is a passioun whan me spetiþ quittir.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 310 (MED) Cauterijs in þe brest..been good for empima, id est apostyme wiþinne.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 247 It byhoueþ to open aȝenward and vnder þe fourþe ryb, as in þe sekenesse þat is cleped empima.
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 24 (margin) For the disease Empiema how inscission must be made.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. sig. bijv The Empijqve Cauterye, verye necessarye to open the vlcerations, or Apostemations of the Breste, callede Empiemata.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 367 You shall open a mans side diseased of the Empyema.
1660 J. Howell Θηρολογια 78 Go to the Lungs, it hath the Astma, Pluritis, Peripneumonia, Empyema, Ptisis, Hæmocrises, with sundry more.
1724 J. Floyer Medicina Gerocomica Pref. p. xvi The Terebration through the Ribs in Dropsies of the Breast, and Empyema's.
1797 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) iii. 59 Empyema may be distinguished..by rigors having taken place, by a remission of the pain [etc.].
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 361 When empyema follows upon pneumonia, the pulmonary inflammation sometimes is never resolved.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) vii. 149 In very chronic conditions, as in the late stages of purulent pleurisy (empyema), the contraction of the fibrous adhesions may cause some local falling-in of the chest-wall and consequent deformity.
1960 W. Percy Moviegoer (1980) iii. i. 104 Decent except that the fragment nicked the apex of my pleura and got me a collapsed lung and a big roaring empyema.
2002 Guardian 30 May ii. 17/3 Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia probably does lessen the risk of an empyema but it doesn't preclude it.
b. More widely: the presence of pus within various other (usually specified) cavities or spaces of the body; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun]
festeringa1400
maturation?a1425
rankling?a1425
suppuration?a1425
whealingc1440
mattering?c1450
rancouring1567
suppurating1589
resolution1598
empyema1655
pyosis1684
pyogenesis1848
assimilation1864
1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. ii. 11 And Galen hath taught us..That Hippocrates by Empyema understands there, not only that suppuration and breeding of matter, which is in the Breast, but also that which is in al other parts.
1724 R. Blackmore Treat. Consumptions 173 It is very evident, that all Collections of Pus, or purulent Matter in the Cavity of the Abdomen..may as justly be denominated Empyemas.
1810 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. II. 67/2 Scarpa infers..that making an incision into the cornea is as dangerous, and useless, in the case of hypopium ordinarily met with in practice, as it is necessary in the instance of empyema of the eye.
1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) at Empyocele Different diseases have been described under this name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empyema of the tunica vaginalis, [etc.].
1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 143 The term empyema only expresses the existence of pus, without indicating its situation.
1921 Med. Rec. 4 June 951/1 Fibrinous pericarditis may progress to empyema of the pericardial sac.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxx. 801 Occasionally acute infection of the gall-bladder may occur while it is thus dilated; it then becomes filled with pus, and is called empyema of the gall-bladder.
2010 World Neurosurg. 74 346 There were two brain abscesses, two subdural empyemas, and one frontal sinus pyomucocele with intracranial extension.
2. A surgical operation involving incision into the pleural cavity in order to drain pus or fluid. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1696 tr. C. G. Le Clerc Compl. Surgeon 152 What is an Empyema [Fr. empyeme]? It is an Operation whereby any sorts of Matter are discharg'd with which the Diaphragm is over-spread, by making a Puncture or Opening in the Breast.
1723 tr. R. J. C. de Garengeot Treat. Chirurg. Operations xxviii. 271 In such a case the Empyema would be useless.
1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. 123 Upon the whole without any farther recital of Objections to the Empyema thus perform'd, it cannot appear an adviseable Operation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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