encephalo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin encephalo-.

Etymology: < scientific Latin encephalo- (mid 18th cent. or earlier) < ancient Greek ἐγκέϕαλος brain (see encephalos n.); compare -o- connective.Compare French encéphalo-, German encephalo-.

encephalogenic adj.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

/ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

/ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfələˈdʒɛnɪk/

/ɛnˌsɛfələˈdʒɛnɪk/

(a) produced by the brain; (b) = encephalitogenic adj.

ΚΠ

1913 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 9 Oct. 438/2 The issue between the ‘mind twist’ or psychogenic hypothesis and the ‘brain spot’ or encephalogenic hypothesis came out clearly.

1922 Abstr. Bacteriol. 6 483 From the saliva of healthy persons a virus can be isolated, some strains of which are strictly keratogenic while others are both keratogenic and encephalogenic.

1958 Lancet 29 Mar. 678/2 Many workers have been unwilling to recognise encephalogenic hypernatræmia as a primary entity.

1988 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 5997/1 A new virus with the encephalogenic properties of EEEV [= eastern equine encephalitis virus] but the antigenic specificity of Sindbis virus.

2002 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 185 1/1 The vaccine has severe limitations: it is expensive to produce,..and may cause allergic reactions because of the inclusion of murine encephalogenic basic proteins or gelatin stabilizer.

encephalogram n.

Brit.

/ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/

/ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/

/ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/

U.S.

/ᵻnˈsɛfələˌɡræm/

/ɛnˈsɛfələˌɡræm/

an X-ray photograph of the brain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > [noun] > an X-radiograph > of specific parts

pyelograph1913

pyelogram1914

ventriculogram1918

urogram1925

cholecystogram1927

encephalogram1928

arteriogram1929

sialogram1931

phlebogram1933

pneumoencephalogram1935

venogram1935

mammogram1937

myelogram1937

angiocardiogram1939

splenoportogram1953

placentogram1959

sinogram1961

phlebograph1967

mammograph1968

1928 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 4 828 (title) Case report illustrating the early diagnostic significance of the encephalogram.

1959 B. Wootton Social Sci. & Social Pathol. x. 306 The possibility that the encephalograms are themselves affected by experience deserves at least to be considered.

encephalograph n.

Brit.

/ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/

/ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/

/ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/

/ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/

/ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/

/ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/

U.S.

/ᵻnˈsɛfələˌɡræf/

/ɛnˈsɛfələˌɡræf/

(a) = encephalogram n.; (b) an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain, electroencephalograph n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun] > specific measuring or recording instruments

pelvimeter1779

labimeter1785

pulmometer1814

neurometer1818

cardiometer1827

pneumatometer1832

lithometer1842

urinometer1843

spirometer1846

labidometer1848

paedometer1848

stethometer1850

pneumometer1853

psychograph1854

aesthesiometer1857

stethogoniometer1858

respirometer1859

anapnometer1860

chest-measurer1862

cardiograph1866

cyrtometer1867

myograph1867

myographion1867

pneumograph1868

anapnograph1870

polygraph1871

pneumatograph1874

pelycometer1875

baraesthesiometer1876

stetho-cardiograph1876

stethograph1876

haemocytometer1877

tambour1877

thoracometer1877

audiometer1879

tropometer1881

inspirometer1882

oncograph1882

oncometer1882

septometer1882

kinesimeter1885

pneograph1888

kinaesthesiometer1890

parturiometer1890

pneometer1890

spirograph1890

tonograph1890

pelvigraph1892

phrenograph1893

profilometer1895

calibrator1900

tremograph1904

urinopyknometer1905

adaptometer1907

phonoscope1908

electrocardiograph1910

phonocardiograph1913

arthrometer1918

pneumotachograph1926

cystometer1927

cardiotachometer1928

encephalograph1934

electroencephalograph1935

ballistocardiograph1938

phonoelectrocardioscope1942

electromyograph1944

pupillograph1951

statometer1957

pneumotach1961

magnetocardiograph1963

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Encephalograph.

1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. XI. 307/1 The ‘encephalograph’, a device which records electrical effects of the activity of the brain.

encephalography n.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/

/ɛnˌkɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/

/ɛŋˌkɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfəˈlɑɡrəfi/

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɑɡrəfi/

the radiological examination of the brain (see quot. 1955). [ < German Encephalographie (A. Bingel 1921, in Fortschr. auf d. Gebiete d. Röntgenstrahlen 28 205) < Encephalo- encephalo- comb. form + -graphie -graphy comb. form.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > [noun] > examination of specific parts

arthrography1857

pyelography1906

renography1911

ureterography1912

pneumoventriculography1918

ventriculography1918

encephalography1922

cholecystography1925

urography1925

arteriography1928

angiography1930

sialography1931

pneumoencephalography1932

planigraphy1933

urethrography1933

lymphography1935

placentography1935

salpingography1935

venography1935

cholangiography1936

mammography1937

myelography1937

phlebography1937

angiocardiography1938

neuroradiology1938

lymphangiography1941

nephrography1947

splenoportography1953

pancreatography1955

sinography1957

pharyngography1981

1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 78 622/2 Bingel discusses his..technic for encephalography or the roentgenographic representation of the brain.

1955 Gloss. Terms Radiol. (B.S.I.) 21 Encephalography, the radiological examination of the ventricles and subarachnoid space following the injection of air by cisternal or lumbar puncture.

1962 Lancet 8 Dec. 1205/1 The electroencephalogram shows that the cerebral cortex has been extensively destroyed, and this can readily be confirmed by air encephalography.

encephalographic adj.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/

/ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/

/ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfələˈɡræfɪk/

/ɛnˌsɛfələˈɡræfɪk/

ΚΠ

1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 78 622/2 He reported 100 cases in which encephalographic data had been secured.

encephalolith n.

Brit.

/ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/

/ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/

/ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/

U.S.

/ᵻnˈsɛfələˌlɪθ/

/ɛnˈsɛfələˌlɪθ/

a concretion in the brain (Billings). [Compare scientific Latin encephalolithus (1826 or earlier), French encéphalolithe(1842 or earlier), German Encephalolith (1844 or earlier).]

encephalology n.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/

/ɛnˌkɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/

/ɛŋˌkɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfəˈlɑlədʒi/

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɑlədʒi/

a description of the brain; the science of the brain. [Compare scientific Latin encephalologie (1808 or earlier), German Encephalologie (1817 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1824 (title) Encephalology, or a very brief Sketch of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ologies of the Cranion and Phren perfected by the Rationals.

encephalomalacia n.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/

/ɛnˌkɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/

/ɛŋˌkɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊməˈleɪʃ(i)ə/

/ɛnˌsɛfəloʊməˈleɪʃ(i)ə/

softening of the brain. [ < scientific Latin encephalomalacia (1826 or earlier) < encephalo- encephalo- comb. form + malacia -malacia comb. form.]

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Encephalomalacia, mollities cerebri.

1863 D. Maclachlan Pract. Treat. Dis. Advanced Life viii. 172 (heading) Encephalomalacia, necrencephalus, ramollissement cérébral, or softening of the brain.

1877 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XII. 181 Certain observers have firmly maintained the opinon that the so-called encephalomalacia is always an inflammatory process.

1912 J. G. Adami & J. McCrae Text-bk. Pathol. 487 The result of such embolism is encephalomalacia.

encephalomeningocele n.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/

/ɛnˌkɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/

/ɛŋˌkɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊməˈnɪŋɡəˌsil/

/ɛnˌsɛfəloʊməˈnɪŋɡəˌsil/

protrusion through a fissure in the skull of brain-substance with the attached membranes.

ΚΠ

1900 Index Catal. Libr. Surgeon-General's Off., U.S. Army 2nd Ser. V. 1/2 Encephalomeningocele, See Brain (Hernia of).

1905 T. H. Green's Path. (ed. 10) 11 They [sc. pouches in the cranium] may contain brain-substance (encephalocele), or brain-substance and fluid (encephalomeningocele).

encephalomyelitis n.

Brit.

/ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/

/ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/

/ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪdᵻs/

/ɛnˌsɛfəloʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪdᵻs/

inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord; any of various virus diseases characterized by fever and lack of co-ordination and damage to the central nervous system. [After scientific Latin encephalomyelitis (1822 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1908 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 35 388 (title) A case of probable encephalomyelitis.

1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 376 Man is susceptible to equine encephalomyelitis.

1963 Greenfield & Norman in W. Blackwood Greenfield's Neuropath. (ed. 2) viii. 475 Encephalomyelitis as a sequel to acute infectious disease, especially smallpox..and measles.., has been known for two centuries.

1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxiv. 1197 Rabies is essentially an acute encephalomyelitis.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	encephalo-
释义	encephalo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin encephalo-. Etymology: < scientific Latin encephalo- (mid 18th cent. or earlier) < ancient Greek ἐγκέϕαλος brain (see encephalos n.); compare -o- connective.Compare French encéphalo-, German encephalo-. encephalogenic adj. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ , /ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfələˈdʒɛnɪk/ , /ɛnˌsɛfələˈdʒɛnɪk/ (a) produced by the brain; (b) = encephalitogenic adj. ΚΠ 1913 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 9 Oct. 438/2 The issue between the ‘mind twist’ or psychogenic hypothesis and the ‘brain spot’ or encephalogenic hypothesis came out clearly. 1922 Abstr. Bacteriol. 6 483 From the saliva of healthy persons a virus can be isolated, some strains of which are strictly keratogenic while others are both keratogenic and encephalogenic. 1958 Lancet 29 Mar. 678/2 Many workers have been unwilling to recognise encephalogenic hypernatræmia as a primary entity. 1988 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 5997/1 A new virus with the encephalogenic properties of EEEV [= eastern equine encephalitis virus] but the antigenic specificity of Sindbis virus. 2002 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 185 1/1 The vaccine has severe limitations: it is expensive to produce,..and may cause allergic reactions because of the inclusion of murine encephalogenic basic proteins or gelatin stabilizer. encephalogram n. Brit. /ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/ , /ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/ , /ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡram/ , U.S. /ᵻnˈsɛfələˌɡræm/ , /ɛnˈsɛfələˌɡræm/ an X-ray photograph of the brain. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > [noun] > an X-radiograph > of specific parts pyelograph1913 pyelogram1914 ventriculogram1918 urogram1925 cholecystogram1927 encephalogram1928 arteriogram1929 sialogram1931 phlebogram1933 pneumoencephalogram1935 venogram1935 mammogram1937 myelogram1937 angiocardiogram1939 splenoportogram1953 placentogram1959 sinogram1961 phlebograph1967 mammograph1968 1928 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 4 828 (title) Case report illustrating the early diagnostic significance of the encephalogram. 1959 B. Wootton Social Sci. & Social Pathol. x. 306 The possibility that the encephalograms are themselves affected by experience deserves at least to be considered. encephalograph n. Brit. /ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/ , /ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/ , /ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/ , /ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/ , /ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/ , /ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ɡraf/ , U.S. /ᵻnˈsɛfələˌɡræf/ , /ɛnˈsɛfələˌɡræf/ (a) = encephalogram n.; (b) an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain, electroencephalograph n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun] > specific measuring or recording instruments pelvimeter1779 labimeter1785 pulmometer1814 neurometer1818 cardiometer1827 pneumatometer1832 lithometer1842 urinometer1843 spirometer1846 labidometer1848 paedometer1848 stethometer1850 pneumometer1853 psychograph1854 aesthesiometer1857 stethogoniometer1858 respirometer1859 anapnometer1860 chest-measurer1862 cardiograph1866 cyrtometer1867 myograph1867 myographion1867 pneumograph1868 anapnograph1870 polygraph1871 pneumatograph1874 pelycometer1875 baraesthesiometer1876 stetho-cardiograph1876 stethograph1876 haemocytometer1877 tambour1877 thoracometer1877 audiometer1879 tropometer1881 inspirometer1882 oncograph1882 oncometer1882 septometer1882 kinesimeter1885 pneograph1888 kinaesthesiometer1890 parturiometer1890 pneometer1890 spirograph1890 tonograph1890 pelvigraph1892 phrenograph1893 profilometer1895 calibrator1900 tremograph1904 urinopyknometer1905 adaptometer1907 phonoscope1908 electrocardiograph1910 phonocardiograph1913 arthrometer1918 pneumotachograph1926 cystometer1927 cardiotachometer1928 encephalograph1934 electroencephalograph1935 ballistocardiograph1938 phonoelectrocardioscope1942 electromyograph1944 pupillograph1951 statometer1957 pneumotach1961 magnetocardiograph1963 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Encephalograph. 1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. XI. 307/1 The ‘encephalograph’, a device which records electrical effects of the activity of the brain. encephalography n. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/ , /ɛnˌkɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfəˈlɒɡrəfi/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfəˈlɑɡrəfi/ , /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɑɡrəfi/ the radiological examination of the brain (see quot. 1955). [ < German Encephalographie (A. Bingel 1921, in Fortschr. auf d. Gebiete d. Röntgenstrahlen 28 205) < Encephalo- encephalo- comb. form + -graphie -graphy comb. form.] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > [noun] > examination of specific parts arthrography1857 pyelography1906 renography1911 ureterography1912 pneumoventriculography1918 ventriculography1918 encephalography1922 cholecystography1925 urography1925 arteriography1928 angiography1930 sialography1931 pneumoencephalography1932 planigraphy1933 urethrography1933 lymphography1935 placentography1935 salpingography1935 venography1935 cholangiography1936 mammography1937 myelography1937 phlebography1937 angiocardiography1938 neuroradiology1938 lymphangiography1941 nephrography1947 splenoportography1953 pancreatography1955 sinography1957 pharyngography1981 1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 78 622/2 Bingel discusses his..technic for encephalography or the roentgenographic representation of the brain. 1955 Gloss. Terms Radiol. (B.S.I.) 21 Encephalography, the radiological examination of the ventricles and subarachnoid space following the injection of air by cisternal or lumbar puncture. 1962 Lancet 8 Dec. 1205/1 The electroencephalogram shows that the cerebral cortex has been extensively destroyed, and this can readily be confirmed by air encephalography. encephalographic adj. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/ , /ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪk/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfələˈɡræfɪk/ , /ɛnˌsɛfələˈɡræfɪk/ ΚΠ 1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 78 622/2 He reported 100 cases in which encephalographic data had been secured. encephalolith n. Brit. /ɛnˈsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/ , /ɛnˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/ , /ɛŋˈkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)lɪθ/ , U.S. /ᵻnˈsɛfələˌlɪθ/ , /ɛnˈsɛfələˌlɪθ/ a concretion in the brain (Billings). [Compare scientific Latin encephalolithus (1826 or earlier), French encéphalolithe(1842 or earlier), German Encephalolith (1844 or earlier).] encephalology n. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/ , /ɛnˌkɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfəˈlɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfəˈlɑlədʒi/ , /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɑlədʒi/ a description of the brain; the science of the brain. [Compare scientific Latin encephalologie (1808 or earlier), German Encephalologie (1817 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1824 (title) Encephalology, or a very brief Sketch of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ologies of the Cranion and Phren perfected by the Rationals. encephalomalacia n. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/ , /ɛnˌkɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfl̩əʊməˈleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊməˈleɪʃ(i)ə/ , /ɛnˌsɛfəloʊməˈleɪʃ(i)ə/ softening of the brain. [ < scientific Latin encephalomalacia (1826 or earlier) < encephalo- encephalo- comb. form + malacia -malacia comb. form.] ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Encephalomalacia, mollities cerebri. 1863 D. Maclachlan Pract. Treat. Dis. Advanced Life viii. 172 (heading) Encephalomalacia, necrencephalus, ramollissement cérébral, or softening of the brain. 1877 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XII. 181 Certain observers have firmly maintained the opinon that the so-called encephalomalacia is always an inflammatory process. 1912 J. G. Adami & J. McCrae Text-bk. Pathol. 487 The result of such embolism is encephalomalacia. encephalomeningocele n. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/ , /ɛnˌkɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfl̩əʊmᵻˈnɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːl/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊməˈnɪŋɡəˌsil/ , /ɛnˌsɛfəloʊməˈnɪŋɡəˌsil/ protrusion through a fissure in the skull of brain-substance with the attached membranes. ΚΠ 1900 Index Catal. Libr. Surgeon-General's Off., U.S. Army 2nd Ser. V. 1/2 Encephalomeningocele, See Brain (Hernia of). 1905 T. H. Green's Path. (ed. 10) 11 They [sc. pouches in the cranium] may contain brain-substance (encephalocele), or brain-substance and fluid (encephalomeningocele). encephalomyelitis n. Brit. /ɛnˌsɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/ , /ɛnˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/ , /ɛŋˌkɛfl̩ə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ᵻnˌsɛfəloʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪdᵻs/ , /ɛnˌsɛfəloʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪdᵻs/ inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord; any of various virus diseases characterized by fever and lack of co-ordination and damage to the central nervous system. [After scientific Latin encephalomyelitis (1822 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1908 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 35 388 (title) A case of probable encephalomyelitis. 1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 376 Man is susceptible to equine encephalomyelitis. 1963 Greenfield & Norman in W. Blackwood Greenfield's Neuropath. (ed. 2) viii. 475 Encephalomyelitis as a sequel to acute infectious disease, especially smallpox..and measles.., has been known for two centuries. 1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxiv. 1197 Rabies is essentially an acute encephalomyelitis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1824
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