energumenn.

Brit.

/ˌɛnəˈɡjuːmən/, U.S.

/ˌɛnərˈɡjumən/

Forms:

α. 1600s energumenus, 1500s–1600s 1800s energumeni (plural).

β. 1600s 1800s energumene, 1600s– energumen.

γ. 1800s–1900s energumenon, 1900s– energumenos.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin energumenus, Greek ἐνεργούμενος.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin energumenus person possessed by the devil (4th cent.) and its etymon Byzantine Greek ἐνεργούμενος person possessed by the devil, use as noun of ancient Greek ἐνεργούμενος , passive participle of ἐνεργεῖν to operate, (passive) to be the object of action, in Hellenistic Greek also (active) to be efficacious, to be effective, to effect, execute < ἐν- en- prefix² + ἔργον work (see erg n.¹).In form energumene perhaps after French energumène person possessed by the devil (1579 in Middle French). In form energumeni after the Latin plural form. In form energumenon apparently with remodelling of the ending after Greek neuter nouns in -ον.

1. A person thought to be possessed by a devil or demon. Now chiefly in historical contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > familiar or possessing spirit > one possessed by or speaking for

pythonessa1393

Pythonissac1395

demoniacc1405

demoniaclea1500

Python1548

energumen1564

engastrimyth1605

energumenist1646

engastriloque1718

possessionist1726

1564 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge f. 163^v Energumeni..were such, as notwithstanding they had ben christened, yet for the inconstancie of their mynde, were vexed with vncleane sprites.

1625 R. Broughton 2nd Pt. Protestants Plea x. 171 The catechumens, energumens, and publick penitents, were not permitted to bee present.

1658 tr. S. de Cyrano de Bergerac Satyrical Characters xiii. 59 If then this Energumenus, hath a thousand lengths and breadthes that are so many Crosses about her.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. ii. xxvi. 151/2 Seeing the Man look Wild and Strange, and of an Energumen-Countenance.

1758 Rev. Important Controv. conc. Miracles xiii. 347 They brought to him all their sick, lame, blind, paralytic, energumens, in public.

1820 W. Scott Abbot III. v^*. 181 If there was ever an Energumene, or possessed Demoniac..there is a devil speaking with that woman's tongue!

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. v. 85 Of an energumen whose dwelling is among tombs.

1880 A. E. Kroeger tr. I. Kant in Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 14 161 Probably the height of absurdity..was reached when a lunatic.., or perhaps a mere epileptic, was taken for an energumenon (possessed) [Ger. für einen Energumenen (Besessenen) galt].

1911 Month May 454 If the pursuivants had come while the energumen was in a fit of uncontrollable crying, the priest's life would certainly have been forfeit.

2011 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 34 375 Attention has largely focused on the two demoniacs, or energumens, whom Ignatius is dispossessing.

2. Originally: an adherent of a Christian sect regarded as heretical, esp. one who claims prophetic inspiration or divine ecstasy (now rare). Now more generally: an enthusiast, exponent, or devotee of someone or something regarded as wicked or dangerous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > slight madness > crankiness or eccentricity > person

fantastical1589

fantastic1598

earwig brain1599

extravagant1627

fanatic1644

energumen1660

original1675

toy-pate1702

gig1777

quiz1780

quoz?1780

rum touch1800

crotcheteer1815

pistol1828

eccentric1832

case1833

originalist1835

cure1856

crotchet-monger1874

curiosity1874

crank1881

crackpot1883

faddist1883

schwärmer1884

hard case1892

finger1899

mad hatter1905

nut1908

numéro1924

screwball1933

wack1938

fruitcake1942

odd bod1942

oddball1943

ghoster1953

raver1959

kook1960

flake1968

woo-woo1972

zonky1972

wacko1977

headbanger1981

1660 J. Gauden Serm. Funeral Brounrig 57 The Montanists, Maniches, Circumcellians, and others of the Energumeni of old and of late.., who made first popular ostentations of special inspirations and correptions or raptures of the Spirit of God.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi i. iii. 14/1 Quakers and Seekers, and other such Energumens.

1818 T. Jefferson Writings (1984) 672 When Genl. Washington was withdrawn, the energumeni of royalism..mounted on the Car of State..drove headlong and wild.

1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. civ. 12 Suppose some ‘energumene’ were to make the declaration, etc.

1885 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 255/2 The seeming peril to which priceless moral elements of human character were exposed by the energumens of progress.

1938 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. M. Hirschfeld Racism xx. 260 The apostles and energumens of racism can in all good faith give free rein to impulses of which they would be ashamed did they realise their true nature.

2009 National Rev. (Nexis) 20 May I oppose the sort of witch hunt Pelosi and her energumens clearly crave.

Derivatives

ˌenerguˈmenical adj. [compare post-classical Latin energumenicus (1571 in a work title, or earlier)] rare that is or resembles an energumen; possessed by a devil or demon; (also) characteristic of an energumen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [adjective] > possessing > possessed by

demoniacc1405

demoniaclec1500

devilleda1557

bedevilled1574

possessed1577

devilished1583

through-devilled1586

demoniacal1588

inspiritate1600

demonical1629

spirited1667

energumenical1684

demonized1778

obsessed1845

1684 I. Mather Ess. for Recording Illustrious Providences vi. 171 Certain Arguments of an Energumenical person.

a1716 R. Traill Select Pract. Writings (1845) 296 I shall only give the meaning of this word.., omitting what the deluded Quakers may allege hence for their energumenical shakings.

1989 K. H. Winn Exiles in Land of Liberty vi. 124 Smith feared the consequences of such acts more than did his energumenical followers.

† ˌenerˈgumenist n. Obsolete a person thought to be possessed by a devil or demon; = sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > familiar or possessing spirit > one possessed by or speaking for

pythonessa1393

Pythonissac1395

demoniacc1405

demoniaclea1500

Python1548

energumen1564

engastrimyth1605

energumenist1646

engastriloque1718

possessionist1726

1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 37 The meerly Passive be simply dæmoniacks, but not Energumenists. That is mainly suffering, rather then Acting by the Divell.

1662 R. le Grosse Sionis Reductio 6 Missa est..was wont to be proclaimed by the Deacon to the Catechumenists, Energumenists, and Penitentiaries, who were not admitted to be present.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	energumen
释义	energumenn. Brit. /ˌɛnəˈɡjuːmən/, U.S. /ˌɛnərˈɡjumən/ Forms: α. 1600s energumenus, 1500s–1600s 1800s energumeni (plural). β. 1600s 1800s energumene, 1600s– energumen. γ. 1800s–1900s energumenon, 1900s– energumenos. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin energumenus, Greek ἐνεργούμενος. Etymology: < post-classical Latin energumenus person possessed by the devil (4th cent.) and its etymon Byzantine Greek ἐνεργούμενος person possessed by the devil, use as noun of ancient Greek ἐνεργούμενος , passive participle of ἐνεργεῖν to operate, (passive) to be the object of action, in Hellenistic Greek also (active) to be efficacious, to be effective, to effect, execute < ἐν- en- prefix² + ἔργον work (see erg n.¹).In form energumene perhaps after French energumène person possessed by the devil (1579 in Middle French). In form energumeni after the Latin plural form. In form energumenon apparently with remodelling of the ending after Greek neuter nouns in -ον. 1. A person thought to be possessed by a devil or demon. Now chiefly in historical contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > familiar or possessing spirit > one possessed by or speaking for pythonessa1393 Pythonissac1395 demoniacc1405 demoniaclea1500 Python1548 energumen1564 engastrimyth1605 energumenist1646 engastriloque1718 possessionist1726 1564 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge f. 163^v Energumeni..were such, as notwithstanding they had ben christened, yet for the inconstancie of their mynde, were vexed with vncleane sprites. 1625 R. Broughton 2nd Pt. Protestants Plea x. 171 The catechumens, energumens, and publick penitents, were not permitted to bee present. 1658 tr. S. de Cyrano de Bergerac Satyrical Characters xiii. 59 If then this Energumenus, hath a thousand lengths and breadthes that are so many Crosses about her. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. ii. xxvi. 151/2 Seeing the Man look Wild and Strange, and of an Energumen-Countenance. 1758 Rev. Important Controv. conc. Miracles xiii. 347 They brought to him all their sick, lame, blind, paralytic, energumens, in public. 1820 W. Scott Abbot III. v^. 181 If there was ever an Energumene, or possessed Demoniac..there is a devil speaking with that woman's tongue! 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola* I. v. 85 Of an energumen whose dwelling is among tombs. 1880 A. E. Kroeger tr. I. Kant in Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 14 161 Probably the height of absurdity..was reached when a lunatic.., or perhaps a mere epileptic, was taken for an energumenon (possessed) [Ger. für einen Energumenen (Besessenen) galt]. 1911 Month May 454 If the pursuivants had come while the energumen was in a fit of uncontrollable crying, the priest's life would certainly have been forfeit. 2011 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 34 375 Attention has largely focused on the two demoniacs, or energumens, whom Ignatius is dispossessing. 2. Originally: an adherent of a Christian sect regarded as heretical, esp. one who claims prophetic inspiration or divine ecstasy (now rare). Now more generally: an enthusiast, exponent, or devotee of someone or something regarded as wicked or dangerous. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > slight madness > crankiness or eccentricity > person fantastical1589 fantastic1598 earwig brain1599 extravagant1627 fanatic1644 energumen1660 original1675 toy-pate1702 gig1777 quiz1780 quoz?1780 rum touch1800 crotcheteer1815 pistol1828 eccentric1832 case1833 originalist1835 cure1856 crotchet-monger1874 curiosity1874 crank1881 crackpot1883 faddist1883 schwärmer1884 hard case1892 finger1899 mad hatter1905 nut1908 numéro1924 screwball1933 wack1938 fruitcake1942 odd bod1942 oddball1943 ghoster1953 raver1959 kook1960 flake1968 woo-woo1972 zonky1972 wacko1977 headbanger1981 1660 J. Gauden Serm. Funeral Brounrig 57 The Montanists, Maniches, Circumcellians, and others of the Energumeni of old and of late.., who made first popular ostentations of special inspirations and correptions or raptures of the Spirit of God. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi i. iii. 14/1 Quakers and Seekers, and other such Energumens. 1818 T. Jefferson Writings (1984) 672 When Genl. Washington was withdrawn, the energumeni of royalism..mounted on the Car of State..drove headlong and wild. 1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. civ. 12 Suppose some ‘energumene’ were to make the declaration, etc. 1885 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 255/2 The seeming peril to which priceless moral elements of human character were exposed by the energumens of progress. 1938 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. M. Hirschfeld Racism xx. 260 The apostles and energumens of racism can in all good faith give free rein to impulses of which they would be ashamed did they realise their true nature. 2009 National Rev. (Nexis) 20 May I oppose the sort of witch hunt Pelosi and her energumens clearly crave. Derivatives ˌenerguˈmenical adj. [compare post-classical Latin energumenicus (1571 in a work title, or earlier)] rare that is or resembles an energumen; possessed by a devil or demon; (also) characteristic of an energumen. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [adjective] > possessing > possessed by demoniacc1405 demoniaclec1500 devilleda1557 bedevilled1574 possessed1577 devilished1583 through-devilled1586 demoniacal1588 inspiritate1600 demonical1629 spirited1667 energumenical1684 demonized1778 obsessed1845 1684 I. Mather Ess. for Recording Illustrious Providences vi. 171 Certain Arguments of an Energumenical person. a1716 R. Traill Select Pract. Writings (1845) 296 I shall only give the meaning of this word.., omitting what the deluded Quakers may allege hence for their energumenical shakings. 1989 K. H. Winn Exiles in Land of Liberty vi. 124 Smith feared the consequences of such acts more than did his energumenical followers. † ˌenerˈgumenist n. Obsolete a person thought to be possessed by a devil or demon; = sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > familiar or possessing spirit > one possessed by or speaking for pythonessa1393 Pythonissac1395 demoniacc1405 demoniaclea1500 Python1548 energumen1564 engastrimyth1605 energumenist1646 engastriloque1718 possessionist1726 1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 37 The meerly Passive be simply dæmoniacks, but not Energumenists. That is mainly suffering, rather then Acting by the Divell. 1662 R. le Grosse Sionis Reductio 6 Missa est..was wont to be proclaimed by the Deacon to the Catechumenists, Energumenists, and Penitentiaries, who were not admitted to be present. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1564
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