engineern.

Brit.

/ˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪə/, U.S.

/ˌɛndʒəˈnɪ(ə)r/

Forms:

α. Middle English enginour, Middle English engyneor, Middle English engyneour, Middle English engynour, Middle English yngynore, 1500s ingynour, 1500s–1600s ingenor, 1500s–1600s ingenour; Scottish pre-1700 engynour, pre-1700 ingynour.

β. late Middle English–1600s engyner, 1500s–1600s inginare, 1500s–1600s (1900s– poetic) ingener, 1500s–1700s enginer, 1500s–1700s inginer, 1600s inginere.

γ. 1500s–1600s ingenir, 1500s– engineer, 1600s engeneer, 1600s engenier, 1600s engeniere, 1600s enginier, 1600s enginiere, 1600s ingeneer, 1600s ingeneere, 1600s ingeniere, 1600s ingenire, 1600s inginier, 1600s–1700s ingenier, 1600s–1700s (1800s U.S. regional) ingineer, 1700s ingeeneer; also Scottish pre-1700 ingeneir, pre-1700 ingenire, pre-1700 ingineer, pre-1700 ingineir, pre-1700 inginier, pre-1700 ingyneer, pre-1700 ingynneir.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French engineor ; engine n., -er suffix¹; engine n., -eer suffix¹.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman engineor, enginere, engineur, enginor, enginour, enginur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French engigneour person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence (12th cent. in Old French), craftsman, carpenter (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), designer, architect (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), planner, schemer, deceiver (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman; < engin engine n. + -eor -or suffix). Compare post-classical Latin ingeniator constructor of military engines (frequently from 1086 in British sources; also in continental sources), and also Old Occitan engenhador , enginhador , Portuguese engenhador (14th cent.). In β. forms < engine n. + -er suffix¹, as alteration of α. forms. In γ. forms < engine n. + -eer suffix¹, as alteration of α. forms, perhaps after Middle French, French ingénieur person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence (a1540; alteration of engigneour after ingénier : see ingeniate v.), and Italian ingegniere (14th cent.; < ingegno engine n. + -iere : see -ier suffix); compare also French †enginier (1611 in Cotgrave; mid 13th cent. in Old French as engignier). Compare post-classical Latin ingeniarius (13th cent.; 1348 in a British source), and also Spanish ingeniero (1492 as engeñero), Portuguese engenheiro (1539).With γ. forms in -ier compare -ier suffix.

I. A person who makes engines, structures, or systems.

a. A constructor of military engines; a person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence. Also figurative. Now chiefly historical. engineer-general: a military engineer of superior rank.

ΚΠ

α.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3223 Þe Amyral made his engyneour þe engyns to sette & bende.

a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) l. 1395 (MED) He leet make a tour fful strong, þat queynteyly engynours made.

1595 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Primaleon xii. 95 Hee commaunded his Fathers Ingenour to choose out in the plaine field, a plot wherein hee should set by a Tilt-yeard invironed with high barres and railes.

1601 W. T. tr. R. Nannini Civill Consid. 36 Wherefore the Consull being discontented herewith..sent for the Ingenour, and commanded him to be whipt.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 189 M. William Englebert, an excellent Ingenor.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes iii. iv. 173 But now he began another Trade, and became an Ingenor, hauing got eight Fire-brands of hell more to him, onely of purpose to set our house a fire.

β. a1500 in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 82 (MED) Item, of masones, carpentrs, smythis, engyners, pavylandrs, armorars, goners, and macker of artorie, iijciiijxx.1577 J. Dee Gen. Mem. Arte Nauig. 62 An Excellent Enginer, aswell for Matters of Fortification, as also, for Inuenting of Weapons, or Engyns, Offensiue, or Defensiue, by Land, or Sea.1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. f.50^v The buylder and Engyner whereof [sc. of the Castle of Antwerpe] was one Pachiotto.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 185 + 6 For tis the sport to haue the enginer Hoist with his owne petar.1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 591 Sir William Heydon..a valiant Souldier, and an expert Enginer.1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation i. ix. 184/1 If the Enemy have Armies near, and that its thought they will endeavour to raise the Siege, before the Town can be taken, then the Enginers mark out another Line.1711 J. Stevens Present & Anc. State of Portugal xiv. 204 In 1667 this Place was fortify'd by Mons. Mallet, the French Enginer, so that it has Seven whole Bastions.γ. 1551 King Edward VI Jrnl. in Lit. Remains (1857) II. 369 Baron de la Garde had seene it [sc. Portesmouth castell] having an ingenir with him, and, as it was thought, had the platte of it.1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 8 The Engineer prouiding the Petar, To breake the strong Percullice.1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 31 The Gran Master..and a chiefe Engeniere.a1642 J. Suckling Poems 31 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) My Tongue was Engineer; I thought to undermine the heart By whispering in the ear.1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars ii. 49 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian By the advise of Theodorus, a famous Ingineer.1686 London Gaz. No. 2023/4 Major Martin Beckman, His Majesties chief Ingenier.1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem v. 59 Rise thou prostrate Ingineer, not all thy undermining Skill shall reach my Heart.1710 London Gaz. No. 4706/2 Mr. Secretary Addison and the Engineer-General informed the Committee.1759 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 150 Captain More one of His Majesty's Engineers.1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XI. 29 I hope that he will be able to send an engineer to undertake [the works].1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xviii. 341 She began praising..his skill as a general and engineer.1920 Eng. Hist. Rev. 35 93 The real expert ‘clerk of the works’ was, I take it, the ‘engineer’ (ingeniator).1997 Church Times 10 Oct. 14/1 As early as 1749, Benjamin Robins, the able Engineer-General of the East India Company, was a Quaker.

†b. A person who manages engines of war; an artillery operator, a gunner. Also figurative and in figurative context. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one who manages engines of war

artillour1483

gynour1487

engineer1569

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > artilleryman

gunner1344

bombardier1562

cannoneer1562

artilleryman?1566

engineer1569

artillerist1579

bombarder1583

topchee1623

fireman1625

zumboorukchee1840

culverineer1881

red-leg1890

gun1896

horse gunner1896

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one armed with or using firearm > artilleryman

gunner1344

cannoner1517

bombardier1562

cannoneer1562

artilleryman?1566

engineer1569

artillerist1579

bombarder1583

topchee1623

fireman1625

pyrobolist1696

zumboorukchee1840

culverineer1881

red-leg1890

gun1896

mud hog1918

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xii. f. 124 To euery window was a couer which opened and shut by cunning and arte as occasion serued, for suertie of the enginers, made of cowe hides farsed with wolle to breake the blow and dint of shot.

1600 T. Heywood Edward IV ii, in Wks. (1874) I. 101 It was not you, At whom the fatall enginer did aime.

1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple xli Wit's an unruly engine, wildly striking Sometimes a friend, sometimes the engineer.

a1658 J. Cleveland London Lady in Wks. (1687) 236 Like the Death-darting Cockatrice (that slye Close Engineer) that murders through the Eye.

1716 J. Addison Free-Holder No. 19 An Author who points his Satyr at a Great Man, is to be looked upon in the same View with the Engineer who signalized himself by this ungenerous Practice.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Cannonier, the engineer that manages the cannon.

1800 Naval Chron. 3 287 In which are included sailors, marines, and the engineers.

1856 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 189 He fetches artillery as good as the engineer's, he can make every word he speaks draw blood.

c. A soldier in a corps of an army that specializes in engineering and (originally) the design and construction of military works; spec. a member of the Royal Engineers (see Royal Engineers n. at royal adj. and n. Compounds 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > engineer

engineer1757

field engineer1758

craftsman1942

1757 London Mag. May 260/1 His majesty has been pleased to give rank in his army to the corps of engineers, and to appoint col. Skinner chief engineer of Great-Britain.

1787 London Gaz. 24–28 Apr. No. 12850. p. 197 The Corps of Engineers shall in future take the name of the Corps of Royal Engineers.

1794 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1827) XV. 63 Colonels of artillery and engineers.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 81 An army composed of divisions..artillery, engineers, etc., complete.

1851 Orders & Regulations Royal Engineers (rev. ed.) §2. 7 Officers of Engineers, are restrained from employing Soldiers of the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, as Servants.

1875 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 222 670/2 In the Artillery, Engineers, and Marines, they had from time immemorial had the Exchange system, yet they had never adopted the Purchase system.

1917 Times 31 Aug. 7/5 On the night of August 19–20 the Italian engineers and pontooners laid 14 bridges between Anhovo and Auzza.

1941 Amer. Observer 15 Dec. 2/1 Laying anti-tank mines is one of the duties of Army engineers.

2002 Independent 20 Mar. 13/4 The choice of a 1,700-strong battle group based on 45 Commando Royal Marines..plus commando-trained Army artillery, engineers and logisticians makes sense.

a. Originally: a person who designs or builds engines or other machinery. Subsequently more generally: a person who uses specialized knowledge or skills to design, build, and maintain complicated equipment, systems, processes, etc.; an expert in or student of engineering. Frequently with distinguishing word.From the later 18th cent. onwards mainly with reference to mechanical, chemical, electrical, and similar processes; later (chiefly with distinguishing word) also with reference to biological or technological systems.chemical, electrical, genetic, mechanical, software, systems engineer, etc.: see the first element.In this sense (but not in sense 3) the term may be applied to a person who operates and repairs equipment as well as to one responsible for its design and management.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun]

engineera1500

enginist1579

mechanician1621

mechanic1662

machinist1706

civil engineer1763

mechanist1806

machine-maker1813

α.

a1500 St. Katherine (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 320 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd. Ser. 263/2 In hys court was a false traytoure, That was a grete yngynore... He seyde to the kynge than: An yngyne y make cane, And whan sche ys lokkyd therone, I trowe sche schall chaunge anone.

β. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 60 Painterz, Karuerz, Playerz, Engynerz.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Macanopoietico, an inginer, an engine-maker.γ. 1623 T. Middleton Triumphs of Integrity sig. B2^v And more to expresse the Inuention, & the Art of the Engineer..this Crystall Temple is made to open in many parts.1654 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art (ed. 3) 72 According to the fancy and invencion of the artist or Engineer.1656 W. S. Bullokar's Eng. Expositor (rev. ed.) Engineer, a maker of Engines.1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. liv This Engine was invented by..an excellent Engineer.1734 J. T. Desaguliers Course Exper. Philos. I. 69 The skill of a good engineer may be advantageously applied in changing the form or altering the parts and motions of a machine.1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman 248 By engineer I..mean..the tradesman who is employed in making engines for raising of water, etc.1788 in Titles Patents (1854) I. 302 A grant unto Andrew Meikle..engineer and machinist, of his new invented mill or machine for separating corn..from the straw.1799 Repertory of Arts 10 244 No experienced engineer will be at a loss to produce a reciprocate motion to any extent, and in any direction required, perpendicular, horizontal, or inclined.1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 62 This celebrated engineer [sc. Robert Fulton] does great credit to the talents of America.1847 J. Dwyer Princ. & Pract. Hydraul. Engin. 94 The horse's power is principally used by Engineers in this country as a Dynamic unit.1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Nov. 11/1 The payment of ‘tips’ ranging from ten to twenty shillings to working engineers and others.1919 L. H. Morrison Oil Engines i. 7 Dr. Diesel, a German engineer, designed an engine to operate on the constant temperature cycle.1943 E. H. Lewitt Thermodynamics applied to Heat Engines (ed. 3) i. 3 From the point of view of an engineer a vapour may be defined as a partially evaporated liquid.1954 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) 13 Nov. 8/5 The telephone engineer long has dreamed of the time when TV and the telephone will be one.1991 Choice Jan. 22/3 The cutting tools of the engineer are special enzymes which ‘melt’ DNA and allow sections of the ‘spiral staircase’..to be extracted.2004 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 19 Feb. 27 Broadband engineers have visited the property on four occasions and checked connections.

b. A person who has responsibility for some of the technical aspects involved in producing audio recordings or making a broadcast, such as overseeing the initial recording or subsequent editing or mixing.recording, sound engineer: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1929 Morning Post 24 May 12/7 The greatest care was taken in their voice registration. First, the engineer would report from the recording-room [etc.].

1937 Discovery Nov. 330/2 The producer of the programme making his selection of view by fading down the signal from one camera and fading up the signal from another before passing the video signal to the vision control engineer.

1957 N.Y. Times 24 Feb. x. 15/1 Engineers say that a disk should not contain much more music than that;..the grooves will have to run too closely together.

2003 New Yorker 17 Mar. 142/2 EMI's engineers have managed to preserve the aura of sound reverberating in an intimate room.

c. Stock Market. In plural. Shares in an engineering company.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > shares in specific country or industry

railway share1822

railroad shares1828

railway stock1836

railroads1848

Canada1868

coalers1878

Mets1886

industrial1887

golds1888

Kaffir1889

electrics1892

rails1893

Westralians1894

kangaroo1896

coppers1899

the junglea1901

electricals1901

Rhodesians1901

diamonds1905

Siberians1906

steels1912

utility1930

properties1964

engineer1976

mining1983

1976 Times 28 July 21/1 Elsewhere, engineers, shippings and properties all had their firm spots.

1997 Investors Chron. 19 Sept. 7/3 Engineers..are out of flavour [sic] because of worries about sterling.

2008 Thomson Financial News (Nexis) 27 Jan. Stock market's defence engineers are likely to continue to outperform their civilian counterparts—a case, if you will, of swords beating ploughshares.

3. A person whose profession is the designing and constructing of works of public utility, such as bridges, roads, canals, railways, harbours, drainage works, etc. In the early quots. the persons referred to were probably by profession military engineers, though the works mentioned were of a ‘civil’ character. From the 18th cent. this sense is distinguished from sense 1 as civil engineer (see civil adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2); otherwise (owing to the increasing similarity or identity of skills and technology) it is now largely merged in sense 2a, except with historical reference and in the title of city (also borough, etc.) engineer.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > utility service workers > [noun] > designer or constructor of public utilities

engineer1606

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > civil engineer

engineer1722

civil engineer1763

structural engineer1867

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 249 An Enginer [L. mechanico] also..promised to bring into the Capitoll huge Columnes with small charges.

1680 London Gaz. No. 1547/1 A new Port at Nizza..A famous French Ingenier..has been consulted about it.

1722 Project for Draining Irish Channel 22 I have heard the Fresh-Water Engineer often say, that it was as easy to raise the Water..10,000 Foot high, as one.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §101 The engineer and his deputy.

1858 Q. Rev. Jan. 2/1 The first English engineer, properly so called, was James Brindley, the great canal-maker.

1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 228 Without much assistance from engineers, they will make a network of natural navigable channels.

1908 C. G. Knott Physics Earthquake Phenomena iv. 50 D. and T. Stevenson, the well-known lighthouse engineers, made the method the foundation principle of their ‘aseismic joint’.

1943 Triumphs of Engin. 220 British engineers hewed out the way for a railway as far as the frontier.

2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 255/1 1764..French engineer Pierre Trésaguet..develops a base for highways that is made of a low arch perpendicular to the direction of travel built from flat stones set vertically.

4. With preceding modifying word: a person considered to have specialized knowledge or skills in a particular field, esp. one who attempts to influence or manipulate human affairs according to scientific or technical principles.In early instances, perhaps an extended use of sense 5.human, fiscal, knowledge, social engineer, etc.: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 68 None but these Spiritual Ingineers could besiege him there, and kick him out of his Quarters.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick ii. iii. 319 Some particular Account of the Life of this famous, religious Ingineer, for I know not what else to call him.

1818 Pamphleteer 18 426 He was certainly a political engineer, full of manœuvring powers.

1887 Belfast News-let. 11 Oct. 5/3 He would have come in the character of a political engineer, intent on mapping out the plans for a great scheme of local self-government.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iv. 78 By profession he was..a working Emotional Engineer.

1994 Jrnl. Econ. Lit. 32 1202/1 It is perhaps the business man, as economic engineer, who needs the knowledge in detail.

II. A person who contrives a scheme.

5. An author or designer of something; a plotter, a schemer. Frequently (esp. in later use) with figurative allusion to senses 1a or 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > [noun] > one who contrives or invents

upfinder1430

weaverc1430

engineer?a1513

deviser1523

inventor1555

artificer1569

setter1600

contrivera1652

concoctor1843

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [noun] > creator or inventor

craftsmana1382

feigner1382

finderc1384

finder-upc1425

engineer?a1513

finder-out1534

inventor1555

conceiver1581

conceiter1603

conceitist1628

commenter1645

ideas man1845

think-man1967

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > plotter

compassera1513

engineer?a1513

hafter1519

contrivera1522

deviser1523

intrycarc1540

practiser1545

practisant1550

practitioner1560

brewer1563

platformer1572

hatcher1578

politician1586

plotter1594

tamperer1599

plotcaster1602

machinator1611

plot-maker1641

trinketer1651

intriguer1667

plot-monger1683

schemist1724

under-plotter1728

intriguant1781

policizer1809

intriguist1830

schemer1846

planster1945

wheeler-dealer1960

α.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 223 In quintiscence eik, ingynouris ioly, That far can multiplie in folie.

1563 G. Hay Confut. Abbote of Crosraguels Masse f. 45 Iames..driueth this new Ingynour (that compasseth maters so craftilie, that he can make of one, two) to bring againe and repeat the wordes of the institution.

β. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie viii. 14 The inuentiue parte of the mynde is so much holpen, as..where it is not excellent in his kind, there could be no politique Captaine, nor any witty enginer or cunning artificer.1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 8 The dreadfull enginer of phrases, in steede of thunderboltes.1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 99 The Inginer of this practise..was a Portugall.1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 4 No Silius, we are no good Inginers . 1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 36 Yet you cannot deny them to be the deuil's enginers.γ. a1635 R. Sibbes in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. ix. 15 That great engineer, Satan.a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 300 Certainly these are the most prime Engineers of Oaths, that ever the World knew.1711 R. Harley Let. to Shower 21 Dec. in J. Swift Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 9 The engineers of this bill thought they had obtained a great advantage against me.1760 Tristram Shandy's Bon Mots 49 Let not anyone be so queer An engineer As to think of making his advances By such fancies.1848 Littell's Living Age Feb. 424/2 Swarthy south with pallid north combine, Back on thyself to turn thy dark design, And heave the engineer of evil with his mine!1903 J. London People of Abyss xii. 147 The fighting men of England, masters of destruction, engineers of death!1965 H. J. Schonfield Passover Plot i. 137 The comprehensive engineer of the Passover Plot was Jesus himself.1998 S. Elm in L. Ayres & G. Jones Christian Origins v. 71 Theophilus of Alexandria was the engineer of a ‘conspiracy’ which led to Chrysostom's spectacular downfall.

III. A person who operates an engine.

a. North American. The operator or driver of a fire engine; = engineman n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > driver of fire-engine

engineer1738

coachman1883

1738 W. Bradford Law Regulating & Declaring Duty of Fire-men in City of N.Y. 57 The said Fire-men shall immediately thereupon,..by the Direction of the Mayor and Aldermen, High Sheriff, Engineer or Overseer of the Fire-Engines..Manage, Work and Play the said Fire-Engines.

1825 in A. W. Brayley Boston Fire Dept. (1859) 156 The engineers, the firemen and hosemen..are competent to manage all the machines.

1899 Oregon Laws & Resol. 1039 Whenever the council may deem it expedient, the engineer of the fire engine shall perform the duties of fire warden.

1917 Boston City Council Documents IV. No. 80. 1 The fire commissioner..shall appoint a chief of department,..engineers, and other firemen.

1989 Arlington Heights (Illinois) Herald 12 Nov. 5/1 Bagby, an engineer of 22 years with the fire department.

2009 Penton Insight (Nexis) 19 Oct. Currently there is a firefighter, captain and engineer.

b. The operator of a steam engine, esp. on board a ship. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > ship's engineer

engineer1815

greaser1888

1815 Times 17 Nov. 3/3 Mr. Hague the engineer, came also that morning some time before the explosion took place.

1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 174 I am not able to speak of the engineers in Her Majesty's ships.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 171 Steam, from the first..was dreadful with its explosion..engineers and firemen..have been sacrificed in learning to tame and guide the monster.

1902 J. Conrad Typhoon xvii. 131 The second engineer and the donkey-man were firing-up.

1987 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Mar. 3 The Cumberoona's engineer..swapped supertankers in Britain's merchant navy for a sailor's life on the Murray River.

2002 E. Zebrowski Last Days St. Pierre i. 1 An acute ear for detecting expensive squeals or chatters through the usual din of noisy machinery was an essential qualification for becoming a ship's engineer.

c. The operator of a locomotive engine; a train driver. In later use chiefly U.S.In quot. 1878: the driver of a mule-team.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > engine-driver

engine driver1809

engineer1816

engineman1835

locomotive engineer1840

runner1848

locomotive driver1852

locomotive runner1860

locoman1894

hogger1904

hoghead1905

1816 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Mar. 277/1 A locomotive engine was exploded at Newcastle, and several people lost their lives, from the folly of the man (calling himself an engineer), locking down the safety-valve, that his machine might go off in style!

1832 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 1 356/2 Engineers and attendants on the Engine.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Engineer, the engine-driver on our railroads is thus magniloquently designated.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds iii. 53 I took a position as engineer of a six-mule team.

1903 N.Y. Times 1 Oct. 1 The engineer tried to stop his train before it struck the party.

1946 Chicago Daily News 10 July 11/2 The engineer was killed and several passengers shaken up.

1996 High Country News 5 Aug. 9/2 We'd pace the train, waving to the engineer.

Phrases

engineer of mines n. a qualified mining engineer; (also) a qualification (at degree level) in mining engineering; abbreviated E.M. (cf. EM n. at E n.¹ Initialisms).

ΚΠ

1802 Crit. Rev. Apr. App. 481 We received the first volume of an Elementary Treatise of Mineralogy, by M. Brochant, engineer of mines.

1922 Colorado School Mines Mag. June 16 Following is a list of those who received the degree of engineer of mines.

2009 in J. A. Botin Sustainable Managem. Mining Operations 358 He holds an EM (engineer of mines) degree (1971) and PhD degree in mining (1987).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

engineerv.

Brit.

/ˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪə/, U.S.

/ˌɛndʒəˈnɪ(ə)r/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: engineer n.

Etymology: < engineer n.

†a. intransitive. poetic. Apparently: to use one's specialized skills; to use or operate a device. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1738 M. Green Sparrow & Diamond vi, in Spleen (ed. 3) 52 The doctor us'd his oily art Of strong emetick kind, Th' apothecary play'd his part, And engineer'd behind.

b. intransitive. To work as an engineer. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > engineer [verb (intransitive)]

engineer1769

1769 J. Watt Let. 12 Dec. in J. P. Muirhead Life J. Watt (1858) xv. 202 Our present magistracy..have employed me in engineering for them.

1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude vii. 131 What of the grand tools with which we engineer, like kobolds and enchanters.

1993 J. A. Caldwell & C. C. Reith Princ. & Pract. Waste Encapsulation viii. 139 The time is nigh for new confidence in our ability to engineer for perpetuity.

†2. transitive. humorous. To assail persistently. Cf. bombard v. 2b. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures > persistently

engineer1781

1781 W. Cowper Let. 21 Jan. (1979) I. 436 Unless we Engineer'd him with Question after Question we could get nothing out of him.

a. transitive. To use specialized knowledge or skills to develop (a complicated system or process) so as to fulfil specified criteria or perform particular functions; esp. to design and construct (a large-scale machine, structure, etc.), typically for public or industrial use.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > engineer [verb (transitive)]

engineer1828

1828 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 5 58 Its proprietor..has, at much cost, engineered a water-course of seven miles in length.

1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 428 The drainage..had been engineered to admiration.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Sept. 5/1 Mr. Baker..with Sir John Fowler, engineers the undertaking [sc. the Forth railway bridge].

1927 Amer. Econ. Rev. 17 623 Most of the rise was the result of a corner in rubber engineered by a Brazilian-German combination and finally unloaded, it is said, at a loss.

1929 Lancet 21 Sept. 615/1 To enable their [sc. Bell Telephone Laboratories] technicians to engineer their instruments with greater intelligence.

1965 Times 7 Aug. 6/2 The power station probably would be built and engineered in the United States for the most part.

1974 J. D. Jennings in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 58 (caption) Unknown architects engineered the mighty Pyramid of the Sun in grain-rich Teotihuacán.

1998 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 15 Mar. c15 Hackers,..connecting only via e-mail and FTP software, engineered a free version of Unix for Intel 486/Pentium computers called Linux.

2004 R. C. Austin East of Cleveland 286/1 The factory complex was engineered to produce 100,000 vehicles a year.

b. transitive. To alter (a DNA sequence) using techniques of genetic engineering. Also: to modify (an organism) through the manipulation of its genetic material.

ΚΠ

1977 Sci. News 112 229/2 Within bacteria small, independent rings of DNA..can be snipped and resealed by the same enzymes that scientists use to engineer plasmids outside the cells.

1990 Food FIPP Apr. 2/2 Antisense tomatoes are engineered with a gene that significantly reduces the naturally occurring enzyme polygalacturonase.

2000 N.Y. Times 1 June 12/1 Scientists have begun looking at ways to do computations in whole cells by engineering part of the cells' DNA.

2005 BBC Focus Dec. 52/2 A tobacco plant engineered to be resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin.

a. transitive. To bring about or obtain through machination; to arrange, contrive, or plan, esp. artfully; to manipulate. Also (chiefly U.S.): to guide carefully, manoeuvre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect

helpc1410

obtain?a1425

procurec1425

practise?a1439

upholdc1450

furnish1477

to bring about1480

to bring to passc1513

conduce1518

contrive1530

to make good1535

moyen1560

effect1581

effectuatea1586

to level out1606

operate1637

to carry offa1640

efficiate1639

work1761

engineer1831

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > guide

wieldeOE

steera1000

wisc1000

wiseOE

turnc1175

kenc1200

conduec1330

dressc1330

govern1340

addressc1350

guidea1400

conducec1475

conduct1481

rectifya1500

besteer1603

helm1607

engineer1831

beacon1835

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > arrange

beteec1275

tailc1315

castc1320

ordaina1325

setc1330

tightc1330

accord1388

tailyec1480

assign1558

raise1652

settle1694

work1761

arrange1786

engineer1831

1831 Frederick (Maryland) Town Herald 27 Aug. 2/6 The mountain district was engineered by col. Long, and the re-election of Mr. Daniel secured by the influence of the general government.

1864 Daily Tel. 7 July The lobbying or engineering a bill through the Legislature.

1873 W. S. Mayo Never Again vii. 99 With good looks, a good voice,..and Mr. Boggs to engineer matters for her.

1882 Standard 28 Dec. 6/5 The corner in grain engineered by parties in Chicago.

1890 Fortn. Rev. May 716 To ‘engineer’ a party..throughout a holiday expedition in a foreign country is an arduous..undertaking.

1948 Time 6 Sept. 18/2 He had tried to engineer a pool to raise the price of Devoe & Raynolds common stock.

1959 Daily Tel. 28 July 1/1 The late debate had been engineered by the Opposition.

1970 R. Thorp & R. Blake Music of their Laughter 41/2 One time I engineered a plot to steal a $350 amplifier from a music store.

2007 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 19 July 34 The..British spy agencies..had engineered the arrest of the atom spy Klaus Fuchs only a year earlier.

b. intransitive. To arrange or contrive something; to scheme, machinate.

ΚΠ

1855 Putnam's Monthly Feb. 203/1 If partisans have engineered dishonestly, it is because the owners of the engine have abandoned it to their dirty devices.

1865 H. W. Baxley What I saw on W. Coast of S. & N. Amer. xxx. 499 The latter, prompted by ‘prudential considerations’, is said to have ‘engineered’ so as to embrace a gold quartz vein, subsequently discovered in the adjacent hills.

1956 A. L. Strong Stalin Era x. 125 He [sc. Stalin] engineered suspiciously, for he had been five times exiled and must have been often betrayed.

2005 J. L. Sylvester & S. Huffman Reporting from Front 170 He engineered to leave me to go work with Australian ABC television.

Derivatives

engiˈneerable adj. able to be engineered (in various senses).

ΚΠ

1961 Industr. Design July 39/2 Latex seems unlikely to survive as a major competitor because it ages quickly, is costlier, less ‘engineerable’.

1989 Chem. Week (Nexis) 5 Apr. 12 Two crops that are engineerable, that we have genes for, and that aren't dominated by large companies.

2007 Appl. Physics Lett. 91 132902–1/1 The material is efficient and engineerable to match a particular process.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	engineer
释义	engineern. Brit. /ˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪə/, U.S. /ˌɛndʒəˈnɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. Middle English enginour, Middle English engyneor, Middle English engyneour, Middle English engynour, Middle English yngynore, 1500s ingynour, 1500s–1600s ingenor, 1500s–1600s ingenour; Scottish pre-1700 engynour, pre-1700 ingynour. β. late Middle English–1600s engyner, 1500s–1600s inginare, 1500s–1600s (1900s– poetic) ingener, 1500s–1700s enginer, 1500s–1700s inginer, 1600s inginere. γ. 1500s–1600s ingenir, 1500s– engineer, 1600s engeneer, 1600s engenier, 1600s engeniere, 1600s enginier, 1600s enginiere, 1600s ingeneer, 1600s ingeneere, 1600s ingeniere, 1600s ingenire, 1600s inginier, 1600s–1700s ingenier, 1600s–1700s (1800s U.S. regional) ingineer, 1700s ingeeneer; also Scottish pre-1700 ingeneir, pre-1700 ingenire, pre-1700 ingineer, pre-1700 ingineir, pre-1700 inginier, pre-1700 ingyneer, pre-1700 ingynneir. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French engineor ; engine n., -er suffix¹; engine n., -eer suffix¹. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman engineor, enginere, engineur, enginor, enginour, enginur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French engigneour person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence (12th cent. in Old French), craftsman, carpenter (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), designer, architect (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), planner, schemer, deceiver (late 12th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman; < engin engine n. + -eor -or suffix). Compare post-classical Latin ingeniator constructor of military engines (frequently from 1086 in British sources; also in continental sources), and also Old Occitan engenhador , enginhador , Portuguese engenhador (14th cent.). In β. forms < engine n. + -er suffix¹, as alteration of α. forms. In γ. forms < engine n. + -eer suffix¹, as alteration of α. forms, perhaps after Middle French, French ingénieur person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence (a1540; alteration of engigneour after ingénier : see ingeniate v.), and Italian ingegniere (14th cent.; < ingegno engine n. + -iere : see -ier suffix); compare also French †enginier (1611 in Cotgrave; mid 13th cent. in Old French as engignier). Compare post-classical Latin ingeniarius (13th cent.; 1348 in a British source), and also Spanish ingeniero (1492 as engeñero), Portuguese engenheiro (1539).With γ. forms in -ier compare -ier suffix. I. A person who makes engines, structures, or systems. 1. a. A constructor of military engines; a person who designs and constructs military works for attack and defence. Also figurative. Now chiefly historical. engineer-general: a military engineer of superior rank. ΚΠ α. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3223 Þe Amyral made his engyneour þe engyns to sette & bende. a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) l. 1395 (MED) He leet make a tour fful strong, þat queynteyly engynours made. 1595 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Primaleon xii. 95 Hee commaunded his Fathers Ingenour to choose out in the plaine field, a plot wherein hee should set by a Tilt-yeard invironed with high barres and railes. 1601 W. T. tr. R. Nannini Civill Consid. 36 Wherefore the Consull being discontented herewith..sent for the Ingenour, and commanded him to be whipt. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 189 M. William Englebert, an excellent Ingenor. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes iii. iv. 173 But now he began another Trade, and became an Ingenor, hauing got eight Fire-brands of hell more to him, onely of purpose to set our house a fire. β. a1500 in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 82 (MED) Item, of masones, carpentrs, smythis, engyners, pavylandrs, armorars, goners, and macker of artorie, iijciiijxx.1577 J. Dee Gen. Mem. Arte Nauig. 62 An Excellent Enginer, aswell for Matters of Fortification, as also, for Inuenting of Weapons, or Engyns, Offensiue, or Defensiue, by Land, or Sea.1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. f.50^v The buylder and Engyner whereof [sc. of the Castle of Antwerpe] was one Pachiotto.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 185 + 6 For tis the sport to haue the enginer Hoist with his owne petar.1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 591 Sir William Heydon..a valiant Souldier, and an expert Enginer.1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation i. ix. 184/1 If the Enemy have Armies near, and that its thought they will endeavour to raise the Siege, before the Town can be taken, then the Enginers mark out another Line.1711 J. Stevens Present & Anc. State of Portugal xiv. 204 In 1667 this Place was fortify'd by Mons. Mallet, the French Enginer, so that it has Seven whole Bastions.γ. 1551 King Edward VI Jrnl. in Lit. Remains (1857) II. 369 Baron de la Garde had seene it [sc. Portesmouth castell] having an ingenir with him, and, as it was thought, had the platte of it.1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 8 The Engineer prouiding the Petar, To breake the strong Percullice.1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 31 The Gran Master..and a chiefe Engeniere.a1642 J. Suckling Poems 31 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) My Tongue was Engineer; I thought to undermine the heart By whispering in the ear.1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars ii. 49 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian By the advise of Theodorus, a famous Ingineer.1686 London Gaz. No. 2023/4 Major Martin Beckman, His Majesties chief Ingenier.1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem v. 59 Rise thou prostrate Ingineer, not all thy undermining Skill shall reach my Heart.1710 London Gaz. No. 4706/2 Mr. Secretary Addison and the Engineer-General informed the Committee.1759 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 150 Captain More one of His Majesty's Engineers.1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XI. 29 I hope that he will be able to send an engineer to undertake [the works].1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xviii. 341 She began praising..his skill as a general and engineer.1920 Eng. Hist. Rev. 35 93 The real expert ‘clerk of the works’ was, I take it, the ‘engineer’ (ingeniator).1997 Church Times 10 Oct. 14/1 As early as 1749, Benjamin Robins, the able Engineer-General of the East India Company, was a Quaker. †b. A person who manages engines of war; an artillery operator, a gunner. Also figurative and in figurative context. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one who manages engines of war artillour1483 gynour1487 engineer1569 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > artilleryman gunner1344 bombardier1562 cannoneer1562 artilleryman?1566 engineer1569 artillerist1579 bombarder1583 topchee1623 fireman1625 zumboorukchee1840 culverineer1881 red-leg1890 gun1896 horse gunner1896 society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one armed with or using firearm > artilleryman gunner1344 cannoner1517 bombardier1562 cannoneer1562 artilleryman?1566 engineer1569 artillerist1579 bombarder1583 topchee1623 fireman1625 pyrobolist1696 zumboorukchee1840 culverineer1881 red-leg1890 gun1896 mud hog1918 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xii. f. 124 To euery window was a couer which opened and shut by cunning and arte as occasion serued, for suertie of the enginers, made of cowe hides farsed with wolle to breake the blow and dint of shot. 1600 T. Heywood Edward IV ii, in Wks. (1874) I. 101 It was not you, At whom the fatall enginer did aime. 1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple xli Wit's an unruly engine, wildly striking Sometimes a friend, sometimes the engineer. a1658 J. Cleveland London Lady in Wks. (1687) 236 Like the Death-darting Cockatrice (that slye Close Engineer) that murders through the Eye. 1716 J. Addison Free-Holder No. 19 An Author who points his Satyr at a Great Man, is to be looked upon in the same View with the Engineer who signalized himself by this ungenerous Practice. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Cannonier, the engineer that manages the cannon. 1800 Naval Chron. 3 287 In which are included sailors, marines, and the engineers. 1856 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 189 He fetches artillery as good as the engineer's, he can make every word he speaks draw blood. c. A soldier in a corps of an army that specializes in engineering and (originally) the design and construction of military works; spec. a member of the Royal Engineers (see Royal Engineers n. at royal adj. and n. Compounds 1). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > engineer engineer1757 field engineer1758 craftsman1942 1757 London Mag. May 260/1 His majesty has been pleased to give rank in his army to the corps of engineers, and to appoint col. Skinner chief engineer of Great-Britain. 1787 London Gaz. 24–28 Apr. No. 12850. p. 197 The Corps of Engineers shall in future take the name of the Corps of Royal Engineers. 1794 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1827) XV. 63 Colonels of artillery and engineers. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 81 An army composed of divisions..artillery, engineers, etc., complete. 1851 Orders & Regulations Royal Engineers (rev. ed.) §2. 7 Officers of Engineers, are restrained from employing Soldiers of the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, as Servants. 1875 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 222 670/2 In the Artillery, Engineers, and Marines, they had from time immemorial had the Exchange system, yet they had never adopted the Purchase system. 1917 Times 31 Aug. 7/5 On the night of August 19–20 the Italian engineers and pontooners laid 14 bridges between Anhovo and Auzza. 1941 Amer. Observer 15 Dec. 2/1 Laying anti-tank mines is one of the duties of Army engineers. 2002 Independent 20 Mar. 13/4 The choice of a 1,700-strong battle group based on 45 Commando Royal Marines..plus commando-trained Army artillery, engineers and logisticians makes sense. 2. a. Originally: a person who designs or builds engines or other machinery. Subsequently more generally: a person who uses specialized knowledge or skills to design, build, and maintain complicated equipment, systems, processes, etc.; an expert in or student of engineering. Frequently with distinguishing word.From the later 18th cent. onwards mainly with reference to mechanical, chemical, electrical, and similar processes; later (chiefly with distinguishing word) also with reference to biological or technological systems.chemical, electrical, genetic, mechanical, software, systems engineer, etc.: see the first element.In this sense (but not in sense 3) the term may be applied to a person who operates and repairs equipment as well as to one responsible for its design and management. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun] engineera1500 enginist1579 mechanician1621 mechanic1662 machinist1706 civil engineer1763 mechanist1806 machine-maker1813 α. a1500 St. Katherine (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 320 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd. Ser. 263/2 In hys court was a false traytoure, That was a grete yngynore... He seyde to the kynge than: An yngyne y make cane, And whan sche ys lokkyd therone, I trowe sche schall chaunge anone. β. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 60 Painterz, Karuerz, Playerz, Engynerz.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Macanopoietico, an inginer, an engine-maker.γ. 1623 T. Middleton Triumphs of Integrity sig. B2^v And more to expresse the Inuention, & the Art of the Engineer..this Crystall Temple is made to open in many parts.1654 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art (ed. 3) 72 According to the fancy and invencion of the artist or Engineer.1656 W. S. Bullokar's Eng. Expositor (rev. ed.) Engineer, a maker of Engines.1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. liv This Engine was invented by..an excellent Engineer.1734 J. T. Desaguliers Course Exper. Philos. I. 69 The skill of a good engineer may be advantageously applied in changing the form or altering the parts and motions of a machine.1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman 248 By engineer I..mean..the tradesman who is employed in making engines for raising of water, etc.1788 in Titles Patents (1854) I. 302 A grant unto Andrew Meikle..engineer and machinist, of his new invented mill or machine for separating corn..from the straw.1799 Repertory of Arts 10 244 No experienced engineer will be at a loss to produce a reciprocate motion to any extent, and in any direction required, perpendicular, horizontal, or inclined.1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 62 This celebrated engineer [sc. Robert Fulton] does great credit to the talents of America.1847 J. Dwyer Princ. & Pract. Hydraul. Engin. 94 The horse's power is principally used by Engineers in this country as a Dynamic unit.1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Nov. 11/1 The payment of ‘tips’ ranging from ten to twenty shillings to working engineers and others.1919 L. H. Morrison Oil Engines i. 7 Dr. Diesel, a German engineer, designed an engine to operate on the constant temperature cycle.1943 E. H. Lewitt Thermodynamics applied to Heat Engines (ed. 3) i. 3 From the point of view of an engineer a vapour may be defined as a partially evaporated liquid.1954 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) 13 Nov. 8/5 The telephone engineer long has dreamed of the time when TV and the telephone will be one.1991 Choice Jan. 22/3 The cutting tools of the engineer are special enzymes which ‘melt’ DNA and allow sections of the ‘spiral staircase’..to be extracted.2004 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 19 Feb. 27 Broadband engineers have visited the property on four occasions and checked connections. b. A person who has responsibility for some of the technical aspects involved in producing audio recordings or making a broadcast, such as overseeing the initial recording or subsequent editing or mixing.recording, sound engineer: see the first element. ΚΠ 1929 Morning Post 24 May 12/7 The greatest care was taken in their voice registration. First, the engineer would report from the recording-room [etc.]. 1937 Discovery Nov. 330/2 The producer of the programme making his selection of view by fading down the signal from one camera and fading up the signal from another before passing the video signal to the vision control engineer. 1957 N.Y. Times 24 Feb. x. 15/1 Engineers say that a disk should not contain much more music than that;..the grooves will have to run too closely together. 2003 New Yorker 17 Mar. 142/2 EMI's engineers have managed to preserve the aura of sound reverberating in an intimate room. c. Stock Market. In plural. Shares in an engineering company. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > shares in specific country or industry railway share1822 railroad shares1828 railway stock1836 railroads1848 Canada1868 coalers1878 Mets1886 industrial1887 golds1888 Kaffir1889 electrics1892 rails1893 Westralians1894 kangaroo1896 coppers1899 the junglea1901 electricals1901 Rhodesians1901 diamonds1905 Siberians1906 steels1912 utility1930 properties1964 engineer1976 mining1983 1976 Times 28 July 21/1 Elsewhere, engineers, shippings and properties all had their firm spots. 1997 Investors Chron. 19 Sept. 7/3 Engineers..are out of flavour [sic] because of worries about sterling. 2008 Thomson Financial News (Nexis) 27 Jan. Stock market's defence engineers are likely to continue to outperform their civilian counterparts—a case, if you will, of swords beating ploughshares. 3. A person whose profession is the designing and constructing of works of public utility, such as bridges, roads, canals, railways, harbours, drainage works, etc. In the early quots. the persons referred to were probably by profession military engineers, though the works mentioned were of a ‘civil’ character. From the 18th cent. this sense is distinguished from sense 1 as civil engineer (see civil adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2); otherwise (owing to the increasing similarity or identity of skills and technology) it is now largely merged in sense 2a, except with historical reference and in the title of city (also borough, etc.) engineer. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > utility service workers > [noun] > designer or constructor of public utilities engineer1606 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > civil engineer engineer1722 civil engineer1763 structural engineer1867 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 249 An Enginer [L. mechanico] also..promised to bring into the Capitoll huge Columnes with small charges. 1680 London Gaz. No. 1547/1 A new Port at Nizza..A famous French Ingenier..has been consulted about it. 1722 Project for Draining Irish Channel 22 I have heard the Fresh-Water Engineer often say, that it was as easy to raise the Water..10,000 Foot high, as one. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §101 The engineer and his deputy. 1858 Q. Rev. Jan. 2/1 The first English engineer, properly so called, was James Brindley, the great canal-maker. 1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 228 Without much assistance from engineers, they will make a network of natural navigable channels. 1908 C. G. Knott Physics Earthquake Phenomena iv. 50 D. and T. Stevenson, the well-known lighthouse engineers, made the method the foundation principle of their ‘aseismic joint’. 1943 Triumphs of Engin. 220 British engineers hewed out the way for a railway as far as the frontier. 2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 255/1 1764..French engineer Pierre Trésaguet..develops a base for highways that is made of a low arch perpendicular to the direction of travel built from flat stones set vertically. 4. With preceding modifying word: a person considered to have specialized knowledge or skills in a particular field, esp. one who attempts to influence or manipulate human affairs according to scientific or technical principles.In early instances, perhaps an extended use of sense 5.human, fiscal, knowledge, social engineer, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 68 None but these Spiritual Ingineers could besiege him there, and kick him out of his Quarters. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick ii. iii. 319 Some particular Account of the Life of this famous, religious Ingineer, for I know not what else to call him. 1818 Pamphleteer 18 426 He was certainly a political engineer, full of manœuvring powers. 1887 Belfast News-let. 11 Oct. 5/3 He would have come in the character of a political engineer, intent on mapping out the plans for a great scheme of local self-government. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iv. 78 By profession he was..a working Emotional Engineer. 1994 Jrnl. Econ. Lit. 32 1202/1 It is perhaps the business man, as economic engineer, who needs the knowledge in detail. II. A person who contrives a scheme. 5. An author or designer of something; a plotter, a schemer. Frequently (esp. in later use) with figurative allusion to senses 1a or 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > [noun] > one who contrives or invents upfinder1430 weaverc1430 engineer?a1513 deviser1523 inventor1555 artificer1569 setter1600 contrivera1652 concoctor1843 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [noun] > creator or inventor craftsmana1382 feigner1382 finderc1384 finder-upc1425 engineer?a1513 finder-out1534 inventor1555 conceiver1581 conceiter1603 conceitist1628 commenter1645 ideas man1845 think-man1967 the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > plotter compassera1513 engineer?a1513 hafter1519 contrivera1522 deviser1523 intrycarc1540 practiser1545 practisant1550 practitioner1560 brewer1563 platformer1572 hatcher1578 politician1586 plotter1594 tamperer1599 plotcaster1602 machinator1611 plot-maker1641 trinketer1651 intriguer1667 plot-monger1683 schemist1724 under-plotter1728 intriguant1781 policizer1809 intriguist1830 schemer1846 planster1945 wheeler-dealer1960 α. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 223 In quintiscence eik, ingynouris ioly, That far can multiplie in folie. 1563 G. Hay Confut. Abbote of Crosraguels Masse f. 45 Iames..driueth this new Ingynour (that compasseth maters so craftilie, that he can make of one, two) to bring againe and repeat the wordes of the institution. β. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie viii. 14 The inuentiue parte of the mynde is so much holpen, as..where it is not excellent in his kind, there could be no politique Captaine, nor any witty enginer or cunning artificer.1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 8 The dreadfull enginer of phrases, in steede of thunderboltes.1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 99 The Inginer of this practise..was a Portugall.1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 4 No Silius, we are no good Inginers . View more context for this quotation1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 36 Yet you cannot deny them to be the deuil's enginers.γ. a1635 R. Sibbes in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. ix. 15 That great engineer, Satan.a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 300 Certainly these are the most prime Engineers of Oaths, that ever the World knew.1711 R. Harley Let. to Shower 21 Dec. in J. Swift Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 9 The engineers of this bill thought they had obtained a great advantage against me.1760 Tristram Shandy's Bon Mots 49 Let not anyone be so queer An engineer As to think of making his advances By such fancies.1848 Littell's Living Age Feb. 424/2 Swarthy south with pallid north combine, Back on thyself to turn thy dark design, And heave the engineer of evil with his mine!1903 J. London People of Abyss xii. 147 The fighting men of England, masters of destruction, engineers of death!1965 H. J. Schonfield Passover Plot i. 137 The comprehensive engineer of the Passover Plot was Jesus himself.1998 S. Elm in L. Ayres & G. Jones Christian Origins v. 71 Theophilus of Alexandria was the engineer of a ‘conspiracy’ which led to Chrysostom's spectacular downfall. III. A person who operates an engine. 6. a. North American. The operator or driver of a fire engine; = engineman n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > driver of fire-engine engineer1738 coachman1883 1738 W. Bradford Law Regulating & Declaring Duty of Fire-men in City of N.Y. 57 The said Fire-men shall immediately thereupon,..by the Direction of the Mayor and Aldermen, High Sheriff, Engineer or Overseer of the Fire-Engines..Manage, Work and Play the said Fire-Engines. 1825 in A. W. Brayley Boston Fire Dept. (1859) 156 The engineers, the firemen and hosemen..are competent to manage all the machines. 1899 Oregon Laws & Resol. 1039 Whenever the council may deem it expedient, the engineer of the fire engine shall perform the duties of fire warden. 1917 Boston City Council Documents IV. No. 80. 1 The fire commissioner..shall appoint a chief of department,..engineers, and other firemen. 1989 Arlington Heights (Illinois) Herald 12 Nov. 5/1 Bagby, an engineer of 22 years with the fire department. 2009 Penton Insight (Nexis) 19 Oct. Currently there is a firefighter, captain and engineer. b. The operator of a steam engine, esp. on board a ship. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > ship's engineer engineer1815 greaser1888 1815 Times 17 Nov. 3/3 Mr. Hague the engineer, came also that morning some time before the explosion took place. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 174 I am not able to speak of the engineers in Her Majesty's ships. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 171 Steam, from the first..was dreadful with its explosion..engineers and firemen..have been sacrificed in learning to tame and guide the monster. 1902 J. Conrad Typhoon xvii. 131 The second engineer and the donkey-man were firing-up. 1987 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Mar. 3 The Cumberoona's engineer..swapped supertankers in Britain's merchant navy for a sailor's life on the Murray River. 2002 E. Zebrowski Last Days St. Pierre i. 1 An acute ear for detecting expensive squeals or chatters through the usual din of noisy machinery was an essential qualification for becoming a ship's engineer. c. The operator of a locomotive engine; a train driver. In later use chiefly U.S.In quot. 1878: the driver of a mule-team. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > engine-driver engine driver1809 engineer1816 engineman1835 locomotive engineer1840 runner1848 locomotive driver1852 locomotive runner1860 locoman1894 hogger1904 hoghead1905 1816 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Mar. 277/1 A locomotive engine was exploded at Newcastle, and several people lost their lives, from the folly of the man (calling himself an engineer), locking down the safety-valve, that his machine might go off in style! 1832 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 1 356/2 Engineers and attendants on the Engine. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Engineer, the engine-driver on our railroads is thus magniloquently designated. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds iii. 53 I took a position as engineer of a six-mule team. 1903 N.Y. Times 1 Oct. 1 The engineer tried to stop his train before it struck the party. 1946 Chicago Daily News 10 July 11/2 The engineer was killed and several passengers shaken up. 1996 High Country News 5 Aug. 9/2 We'd pace the train, waving to the engineer. Phrases engineer of mines n. a qualified mining engineer; (also) a qualification (at degree level) in mining engineering; abbreviated E.M. (cf. EM n. at E n.¹ Initialisms). ΚΠ 1802 Crit. Rev. Apr. App. 481 We received the first volume of an Elementary Treatise of Mineralogy, by M. Brochant, engineer of mines. 1922 Colorado School Mines Mag. June 16 Following is a list of those who received the degree of engineer of mines. 2009 in J. A. Botin Sustainable Managem. Mining Operations 358 He holds an EM (engineer of mines) degree (1971) and PhD degree in mining (1987). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). engineerv. Brit. /ˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪə/, U.S. /ˌɛndʒəˈnɪ(ə)r/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: engineer n. Etymology: < engineer n. 1. †a. intransitive. poetic. Apparently: to use one's specialized skills; to use or operate a device. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1738 M. Green Sparrow & Diamond vi, in Spleen (ed. 3) 52 The doctor us'd his oily art Of strong emetick kind, Th' apothecary play'd his part, And engineer'd behind. b. intransitive. To work as an engineer. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > engineer [verb (intransitive)] engineer1769 1769 J. Watt Let. 12 Dec. in J. P. Muirhead Life J. Watt (1858) xv. 202 Our present magistracy..have employed me in engineering for them. 1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude vii. 131 What of the grand tools with which we engineer, like kobolds and enchanters. 1993 J. A. Caldwell & C. C. Reith Princ. & Pract. Waste Encapsulation viii. 139 The time is nigh for new confidence in our ability to engineer for perpetuity. †2. transitive. humorous. To assail persistently. Cf. bombard v. 2b. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures > persistently engineer1781 1781 W. Cowper Let. 21 Jan. (1979) I. 436 Unless we Engineer'd him with Question after Question we could get nothing out of him. 3. a. transitive. To use specialized knowledge or skills to develop (a complicated system or process) so as to fulfil specified criteria or perform particular functions; esp. to design and construct (a large-scale machine, structure, etc.), typically for public or industrial use. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > engineer [verb (transitive)] engineer1828 1828 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 5 58 Its proprietor..has, at much cost, engineered a water-course of seven miles in length. 1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 428 The drainage..had been engineered to admiration. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Sept. 5/1 Mr. Baker..with Sir John Fowler, engineers the undertaking [sc. the Forth railway bridge]. 1927 Amer. Econ. Rev. 17 623 Most of the rise was the result of a corner in rubber engineered by a Brazilian-German combination and finally unloaded, it is said, at a loss. 1929 Lancet 21 Sept. 615/1 To enable their [sc. Bell Telephone Laboratories] technicians to engineer their instruments with greater intelligence. 1965 Times 7 Aug. 6/2 The power station probably would be built and engineered in the United States for the most part. 1974 J. D. Jennings in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 58 (caption) Unknown architects engineered the mighty Pyramid of the Sun in grain-rich Teotihuacán. 1998 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 15 Mar. c15 Hackers,..connecting only via e-mail and FTP software, engineered a free version of Unix for Intel 486/Pentium computers called Linux. 2004 R. C. Austin East of Cleveland 286/1 The factory complex was engineered to produce 100,000 vehicles a year. b. transitive. To alter (a DNA sequence) using techniques of genetic engineering. Also: to modify (an organism) through the manipulation of its genetic material. ΚΠ 1977 Sci. News 112 229/2 Within bacteria small, independent rings of DNA..can be snipped and resealed by the same enzymes that scientists use to engineer plasmids outside the cells. 1990 Food FIPP Apr. 2/2 Antisense tomatoes are engineered with a gene that significantly reduces the naturally occurring enzyme polygalacturonase. 2000 N.Y. Times 1 June 12/1 Scientists have begun looking at ways to do computations in whole cells by engineering part of the cells' DNA. 2005 BBC Focus Dec. 52/2 A tobacco plant engineered to be resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. 4. a. transitive. To bring about or obtain through machination; to arrange, contrive, or plan, esp. artfully; to manipulate. Also (chiefly U.S.): to guide carefully, manoeuvre. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect helpc1410 obtain?a1425 procurec1425 practise?a1439 upholdc1450 furnish1477 to bring about1480 to bring to passc1513 conduce1518 contrive1530 to make good1535 moyen1560 effect1581 effectuatea1586 to level out1606 operate1637 to carry offa1640 efficiate1639 work1761 engineer1831 society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > guide wieldeOE steera1000 wisc1000 wiseOE turnc1175 kenc1200 conduec1330 dressc1330 govern1340 addressc1350 guidea1400 conducec1475 conduct1481 rectifya1500 besteer1603 helm1607 engineer1831 beacon1835 the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > arrange beteec1275 tailc1315 castc1320 ordaina1325 setc1330 tightc1330 accord1388 tailyec1480 assign1558 raise1652 settle1694 work1761 arrange1786 engineer1831 1831 Frederick (Maryland) Town Herald 27 Aug. 2/6 The mountain district was engineered by col. Long, and the re-election of Mr. Daniel secured by the influence of the general government. 1864 Daily Tel. 7 July The lobbying or engineering a bill through the Legislature. 1873 W. S. Mayo Never Again vii. 99 With good looks, a good voice,..and Mr. Boggs to engineer matters for her. 1882 Standard 28 Dec. 6/5 The corner in grain engineered by parties in Chicago. 1890 Fortn. Rev. May 716 To ‘engineer’ a party..throughout a holiday expedition in a foreign country is an arduous..undertaking. 1948 Time 6 Sept. 18/2 He had tried to engineer a pool to raise the price of Devoe & Raynolds common stock. 1959 Daily Tel. 28 July 1/1 The late debate had been engineered by the Opposition. 1970 R. Thorp & R. Blake Music of their Laughter 41/2 One time I engineered a plot to steal a $350 amplifier from a music store. 2007 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 19 July 34 The..British spy agencies..had engineered the arrest of the atom spy Klaus Fuchs only a year earlier. b. intransitive. To arrange or contrive something; to scheme, machinate. ΚΠ 1855 Putnam's Monthly Feb. 203/1 If partisans have engineered dishonestly, it is because the owners of the engine have abandoned it to their dirty devices. 1865 H. W. Baxley What I saw on W. Coast of S. & N. Amer. xxx. 499 The latter, prompted by ‘prudential considerations’, is said to have ‘engineered’ so as to embrace a gold quartz vein, subsequently discovered in the adjacent hills. 1956 A. L. Strong Stalin Era x. 125 He [sc. Stalin] engineered suspiciously, for he had been five times exiled and must have been often betrayed. 2005 J. L. Sylvester & S. Huffman Reporting from Front 170 He engineered to leave me to go work with Australian ABC television. Derivatives engiˈneerable adj. able to be engineered (in various senses). ΚΠ 1961 Industr. Design July 39/2 Latex seems unlikely to survive as a major competitor because it ages quickly, is costlier, less ‘engineerable’. 1989 Chem. Week (Nexis) 5 Apr. 12 Two crops that are engineerable, that we have genes for, and that aren't dominated by large companies. 2007 Appl. Physics Lett. 91 132902–1/1 The material is efficient and engineerable to match a particular process. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1380v.1738
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