encrustv.

Brit.

/ɛnˈkrʌst/,

/ɛŋˈkrʌst/,

/ᵻnˈkrʌst/,

/ᵻŋˈkrʌst/, U.S.

/ɛnˈkrəst/,

/ᵻnˈkrəst/

Forms: Also incrust.

Etymology: Probably of twofold formation: (1) < French incrust-er or Italian incrustare (used in sense 1), < Latin incrustāre , < in upon + crusta crust n. (2) < en- prefix¹, in- prefix³ + crust n., or < French encroûter (in 16th cent. encrouster) of equivalent formation. ‘The en- and in- forms are both in common use, without any differentiation of sense; the Dictionaries mostly favour incrust, but encrust appears to be the more frequent in actual use.’ ( N.E.D.)

1. transitive. To ornament (a surface) by overlaying it with a crust of precious material. Also to encrust into.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (transitive)] > cover with ornamental work

fret1340

lay?a1366

overfretc1440

to work over1542

parget1576

encrust1641

incrustate1728

α.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xii. 262 The outside of the edifice was encrusted with marble.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 142 As if the whole tree were encrusted with molten jewellery.

a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 196 A staircase encrusted with jasper.

1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica xi. 101 The painted and incised bacini, which are encrusted into her church towers.

β. 1641 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 35 The church of the Jesuits is..a glorious fabric without and within, wholly incrusted with marble.1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. liii. 295 The walls were incrusted with marbles of various colours.1885 C. J. Stone Christianity before Christ 44 Vases incrusted with diamonds and lapis lazuli.

a. To cover with a crust or thin coating (e.g. of rust, sedimentary deposits, etc.). Also of scales, shellfish, etc.: To form a crust or hard coating on (a surface).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > encrust

barken1513

crust1545

impaste1548

incrustate1570

befur1581

scurf1599

overcrust1603

cake1609

imbake1632

bark1633

encrusta1691

becrust1830

accrust1842

overscurf1881

α.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 313 In those dreary countries, the instruments..that are kept in the pocket..are quickly encrusted.

1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 535 He now was encrusted with one scab over every part of his face and body.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 482 Scales encrusting the soft part of the dorsal and anal fins.

1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 87 Sulphur is found..encrusting the sides in considerable quantities.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 433 The blocks of masonry..are now encrusted by shell fish and sea weeds.

β. a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 140 I visited the incrusting spring..and could not find anything incrusted within 26 yards of the rise of it.1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 198 Some Rivers do thus bring forth..mineral Matter in great quantity, so as to cover and incrust the Stones, Sticks, and other Bodies lying therein.1733 A. Pope 1st Satire 2nd Bk. Horace Imitated 11 Let Jove incrust Swords, Pikes, and Guns, with everlasting Rust.1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 23 Such..waters..incrust vessels in which they are contained.1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 23 Their bare feet being literally incrusted with dirt.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

α.

1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 359 Some rejected Christ as unfit nucleus to encrust with their fables.

1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism iii. 42 The simple fact is..encrusted over with collateral associations.

β. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 9 How was my Heart encrusted by the World?1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. III. xvii. 265 Satan..may incrust it with his own evil creations.1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. viii. 80 You get habits of thought and life that incrust you.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) viii. 326 Many languages..were still so incrusted with barbarism.

3. To form into a crust, deposit as a crust.

ΚΠ

1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 222 The whiter snow, Incrusted hard.

1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville (1849) 151 It was sufficiently incrusted to bear a pedestrian.

a. intransitive for reflexive. To form itself into a crust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > become coated with a layer [verb (intransitive)] > form or contract a crust

crustc1430

encrust1726

barken1815

shale1844

1726 P. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 381 The Pustules..did not incrust yellow.

b. intransitive. To form or deposit a crust upon.

ΚΠ

1756 Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 26 This chanel of fire..is covered by the..lava, which cools and incrusts on its surface.

1865 E. B. Pusey Eirenicon 30 A mass of unauthorized traditional glosses..had encrusted over the Thirty-nine Articles.

5. To shut up, imprison as within a crust. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > as with specific means

net1607

encrusta1711

a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) IV. 528 Tho' I should..In Alps of Ice encrusted, freeze.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in its marble envelope.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	encrust
释义	encrustv. Brit. /ɛnˈkrʌst/, /ɛŋˈkrʌst/, /ᵻnˈkrʌst/, /ᵻŋˈkrʌst/, U.S. /ɛnˈkrəst/, /ᵻnˈkrəst/ Forms: Also incrust. Etymology: Probably of twofold formation: (1) < French incrust-er or Italian incrustare (used in sense 1), < Latin incrustāre , < in upon + crusta crust n. (2) < en- prefix¹, in- prefix³ + crust n., or < French encroûter (in 16th cent. encrouster) of equivalent formation. ‘The en- and in- forms are both in common use, without any differentiation of sense; the Dictionaries mostly favour incrust, but encrust appears to be the more frequent in actual use.’ ( N.E.D.) 1. transitive. To ornament (a surface) by overlaying it with a crust of precious material. Also to encrust into. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (transitive)] > cover with ornamental work fret1340 lay?a1366 overfretc1440 to work over1542 parget1576 encrust1641 incrustate1728 α. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xii. 262 The outside of the edifice was encrusted with marble. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 142 As if the whole tree were encrusted with molten jewellery. a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 196 A staircase encrusted with jasper. 1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica xi. 101 The painted and incised bacini, which are encrusted into her church towers. β. 1641 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 35 The church of the Jesuits is..a glorious fabric without and within, wholly incrusted with marble.1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. liii. 295 The walls were incrusted with marbles of various colours.1885 C. J. Stone Christianity before Christ 44 Vases incrusted with diamonds and lapis lazuli. 2. a. To cover with a crust or thin coating (e.g. of rust, sedimentary deposits, etc.). Also of scales, shellfish, etc.: To form a crust or hard coating on (a surface). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > encrust barken1513 crust1545 impaste1548 incrustate1570 befur1581 scurf1599 overcrust1603 cake1609 imbake1632 bark1633 encrusta1691 becrust1830 accrust1842 overscurf1881 α. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 313 In those dreary countries, the instruments..that are kept in the pocket..are quickly encrusted. 1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 535 He now was encrusted with one scab over every part of his face and body. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 482 Scales encrusting the soft part of the dorsal and anal fins. 1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 87 Sulphur is found..encrusting the sides in considerable quantities. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 433 The blocks of masonry..are now encrusted by shell fish and sea weeds. β. a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 140 I visited the incrusting spring..and could not find anything incrusted within 26 yards of the rise of it.1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 198 Some Rivers do thus bring forth..mineral Matter in great quantity, so as to cover and incrust the Stones, Sticks, and other Bodies lying therein.1733 A. Pope 1st Satire 2nd Bk. Horace Imitated 11 Let Jove incrust Swords, Pikes, and Guns, with everlasting Rust.1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 23 Such..waters..incrust vessels in which they are contained.1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 23 Their bare feet being literally incrusted with dirt. b. figurative. ΚΠ α. 1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 359 Some rejected Christ as unfit nucleus to encrust with their fables. 1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism iii. 42 The simple fact is..encrusted over with collateral associations. β. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 9 How was my Heart encrusted by the World?1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. III. xvii. 265 Satan..may incrust it with his own evil creations.1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. viii. 80 You get habits of thought and life that incrust you.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) viii. 326 Many languages..were still so incrusted with barbarism. 3. To form into a crust, deposit as a crust. ΚΠ 1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 222 The whiter snow, Incrusted hard. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville (1849) 151 It was sufficiently incrusted to bear a pedestrian. 4. a. intransitive for reflexive. To form itself into a crust. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > become coated with a layer [verb (intransitive)] > form or contract a crust crustc1430 encrust1726 barken1815 shale1844 1726 P. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 381 The Pustules..did not incrust yellow. b. intransitive. To form or deposit a crust upon. ΚΠ 1756 Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 26 This chanel of fire..is covered by the..lava, which cools and incrusts on its surface. 1865 E. B. Pusey Eirenicon 30 A mass of unauthorized traditional glosses..had encrusted over the Thirty-nine Articles. 5. To shut up, imprison as within a crust. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > as with specific means net1607 encrusta1711 a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) IV. 528 Tho' I should..In Alps of Ice encrusted, freeze. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in its marble envelope. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1641
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