enlightenmentn.

Brit.

/ᵻnˈlʌɪtn̩m(ə)nt/,

/ɛnˈlʌɪtn̩m(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈlaɪtnm(ə)nt/,

/ɛnˈlaɪtnm(ə)nt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: enlighten v., -ment suffix.

Etymology: < enlighten v. + -ment suffix. Compare (especially with senses 1b, 2) German Aufklärung (see Aufklärung n.), French éclaircissement (see éclaircissement n.). Compare earlier enlightening n.On the history of use in senses 1b, 2 see J. Schmidt in Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 64 (2003) 421–43. This article incorporates a discussion of the relevant definition in N.E.D.; compare:1891 N.E.D. Enlightenment,..2. Sometimes used [after Ger. Aufklärung, Aufklärerei] to designate the spirit and aims of the French philosophers of the 18th c., or of others whom it is intended to associate with them in the implied charge of shallow and pretentious intellectualism, unreasonable contempt for tradition and authority, etc.

a. The action of bringing someone to a state of greater knowledge, understanding, or insight; the state of being enlightened in this way. Also: an instance of this. rare before 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > enlightenment > [noun]

enlightening1561

irradiation1589

enlightenment1621

illumination1634

society > education > teaching > instilling ideas > [noun] > enlightening

enlightening1561

enlightenment1621

1621 R. Aylett Song of Songs i. iv. iv. 83 The Word, without the Spirits enlightenment, Is as good Seede sowne on vntilled ground.

1669 Le Blanc in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1874) IV. Ps. lxxxiv. 13 His lightnings, that is his divine enlightenments, are best seen.

1798 Monthly Mag. 6 554 A truth..the power of comprehending which implies a high degree of enlightenment.

1848 W. H. Mill Five Serm. i. 5 The highest spiritual enlightenment.

1855 C. Dickens Let. 19 June (1993) VII. 652 I should be ready to receive enlightenment from any source.

1881 W. Collins Black Robe I. ii. 16 I needed no further enlightenment.

1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier iii. ii. 108 It [sc. the working class] prefers our larger and livelier organs of enlightenment, which can afford snappier sports news,..and bigger photographs of bathing lovelies.

1967 M. Reynolds After Some Tomorrow 39 While under the effect of..charas fudge, did you ever experience one of your prophetic..enlightenments?

1990 Shareware Mag. Nov.–Dec. 9/1 This column is a place to network with other users for mutual enlightenment.

b. spec. Usually with capital initial. The action or process of freeing human understanding from the accepted and customary beliefs sanctioned by traditional, esp. religious, authority, chiefly by rational and scientific inquiry into all aspects of human life, which became a characteristic goal of philosophical writing in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Frequently in the Age of Enlightenment (cf. sense 2).Closely associated with sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > other historical periods

antiquityc1375

Christian antiquity1577

the days of ignorance1652

the time of ignorance1652

dark ages1656

Lower Empire1668

the age of reason1792

Scythism1793

grand siècle1811

the Age of Enlightenment1825

the Hundred Days1827

Tom and Jerry days1840

regency1841

industrial age1843

Régence1845

viking age1847

ignorance1867

renascence1868

Renaissance1872

gilded age1874

jazz era1919

jazz age1920

post-war1934

steam age1941

postcolonialism1955

information age1960

1825 A. Pichot Hist. & Lit. Tour Foreigner in Eng. & Scotl. II. xc. 422 We did all that in France, and worse still, to the shame of the age of enlightenment be it spoken.

1836 N. Amer. Rev. July 176 When he [sc. Tieck] made his first appearance, it was, under the banner of Nicolai, as one of the Berlin advocates of enlightenment and reason, and enemies of superstition and mysticism.

1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel I. p. lxvi Aufklärung, Illumination, Enlightenment, destroyed Greece; it lowered man from Spirit to Animal.

1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 69 The individualistic tendencies of the age of Enlightenment.

1939 M. Praz Stud. 17th-Cent. Imagery I. iv. 184 Iconology during the period of enlightenment in philosophy and in literature, takes the place held by emblematics during the age of the Jesuits and the Baroque.

1974 tr. W. F. Wertheim Evol. & Revol. 173 A-religious rationalism was the prevalent trend of thinking in the Age of Enlightenment.

2006 D. R. Kelley Frontiers of Hist. i. 31 German historians continued to promote the national-imperial ideal over the false universalism of Humanism and Enlightenment.

c. Buddhism. The state of spiritual insight or awareness which frees a person from the cycle of suffering and rebirth; = nirvana n. 1(a). Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1836 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 5 77 The ultimate scope and genius of the Buddist religion, of which the end is, freedom from metempsychosis; and the means, perfect and absolute enlightenment of the understanding, and consequent discovery of the grand secret of nature.

1869 S. Beal tr. Trav. Fah-Hian & Sung-Yun xxxi. 120 The town of Gaya, near which Buddha arrived at complete enlightenment.

1927 D. T. Suzuki Ess. Zen Buddhism 1st Ser. ii. 52 The presence in every individual of a faculty designated by the Mahayanists as Prajñā... Without Prajñā there could be no Enlightenment.

1976 National Geographic June 840 (caption) Serenity opens the door to self at a ‘dry landscape’ garden where Zen Buddhists seek enlightenment.

2009 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 28 Aug. r5 Dr. Madan Kataria of Mumbai, the ‘guru of giggling’, who promotes laughter as a shortcut to enlightenment.

2. With the and capital initial. The dominant European intellectual culture in the 18th cent. which typically emphasized freedom of thought and action without reference to religious and other traditional authority, proposed a deistic understanding of the universe, insisted on a rationalist and scientific approach to the understanding of human society, the law, education, the economy, etc., and had as an important aim the development of new theoretical methods and practical reforms for these areas; (also) the period of time during which this climate of thought was dominant. Cf. Aufklärung n., illumination n. 3. The Enlightenment spread across most of Western Europe and to European colonies in the Americas, typically with different aspects predominating in different countries or regions (e.g. the flowering of social and economic thought in Scotland). Hence, the term is often modified by an adjective denoting one of the main centres of activity, suggesting the particular characteristics or contribution of the thinkers from that area, as French Enlightenment, Scottish Enlightenment, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > rationalism > [noun] > philosophy of the Enlightenment

illuminatism1798

illuminism1798

Aufklärung1842

illumination1881

enlightenment1893

1893 J. H. Tufts tr. W. Windelband Hist. Philos. v. 438 The beginnings of the philosophy of the Enlightenment are to be sought in England, where,..a powerful upward movement of literary life claimed philosophy also in the interests of general culture.

1910 J. G. Hibben Philos. Enlightenment i. 3 The significant movement of thought known as the Enlightenment, or Aufklärung, falls in the main within the period of the eighteenth century.

1917 Philos. Rev. 26 130 The Enlightenment was manifestly dominated by the presumption of the desirability of uniformity.

1956 E. Fromm Art of Loving ii. 15 Following the ideas of the Enlightenment, Socialist thinkers of various schools defined equality as abolition of exploitation.

1985 C. J. Jaenen Role of Church in New France 8 New France seems to have been shielded also from the radical ideas of the French Enlightenment.

1998 A. Quinton Hume 4 He was the most distinguished luminary of the Scottish Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, which also included Adam Smith.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xv. 310 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights spawned a new generation of rights, more textured but just as far-reaching as those of the Enlightenment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	enlightenment
释义	enlightenmentn. Brit. /ᵻnˈlʌɪtn̩m(ə)nt/, /ɛnˈlʌɪtn̩m(ə)nt/, U.S. /ᵻnˈlaɪtnm(ə)nt/, /ɛnˈlaɪtnm(ə)nt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: enlighten v., -ment suffix. Etymology: < enlighten v. + -ment suffix. Compare (especially with senses 1b, 2) German Aufklärung (see Aufklärung n.), French éclaircissement (see éclaircissement n.). Compare earlier enlightening n.On the history of use in senses 1b, 2 see J. Schmidt in Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 64 (2003) 421–43. This article incorporates a discussion of the relevant definition in N.E.D.; compare:1891 N.E.D. Enlightenment,..2. Sometimes used [after Ger. Aufklärung, Aufklärerei] to designate the spirit and aims of the French philosophers of the 18th c., or of others whom it is intended to associate with them in the implied charge of shallow and pretentious intellectualism, unreasonable contempt for tradition and authority, etc. 1. a. The action of bringing someone to a state of greater knowledge, understanding, or insight; the state of being enlightened in this way. Also: an instance of this. rare before 19th cent. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > enlightenment > [noun] enlightening1561 irradiation1589 enlightenment1621 illumination1634 society > education > teaching > instilling ideas > [noun] > enlightening enlightening1561 enlightenment1621 1621 R. Aylett Song of Songs i. iv. iv. 83 The Word, without the Spirits enlightenment, Is as good Seede sowne on vntilled ground. 1669 Le Blanc in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1874) IV. Ps. lxxxiv. 13 His lightnings, that is his divine enlightenments, are best seen. 1798 Monthly Mag. 6 554 A truth..the power of comprehending which implies a high degree of enlightenment. 1848 W. H. Mill Five Serm. i. 5 The highest spiritual enlightenment. 1855 C. Dickens Let. 19 June (1993) VII. 652 I should be ready to receive enlightenment from any source. 1881 W. Collins Black Robe I. ii. 16 I needed no further enlightenment. 1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier iii. ii. 108 It [sc. the working class] prefers our larger and livelier organs of enlightenment, which can afford snappier sports news,..and bigger photographs of bathing lovelies. 1967 M. Reynolds After Some Tomorrow 39 While under the effect of..charas fudge, did you ever experience one of your prophetic..enlightenments? 1990 Shareware Mag. Nov.–Dec. 9/1 This column is a place to network with other users for mutual enlightenment. b. spec. Usually with capital initial. The action or process of freeing human understanding from the accepted and customary beliefs sanctioned by traditional, esp. religious, authority, chiefly by rational and scientific inquiry into all aspects of human life, which became a characteristic goal of philosophical writing in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Frequently in the Age of Enlightenment (cf. sense 2).Closely associated with sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > other historical periods antiquityc1375 Christian antiquity1577 the days of ignorance1652 the time of ignorance1652 dark ages1656 Lower Empire1668 the age of reason1792 Scythism1793 grand siècle1811 the Age of Enlightenment1825 the Hundred Days1827 Tom and Jerry days1840 regency1841 industrial age1843 Régence1845 viking age1847 ignorance1867 renascence1868 Renaissance1872 gilded age1874 jazz era1919 jazz age1920 post-war1934 steam age1941 postcolonialism1955 information age1960 1825 A. Pichot Hist. & Lit. Tour Foreigner in Eng. & Scotl. II. xc. 422 We did all that in France, and worse still, to the shame of the age of enlightenment be it spoken. 1836 N. Amer. Rev. July 176 When he [sc. Tieck] made his first appearance, it was, under the banner of Nicolai, as one of the Berlin advocates of enlightenment and reason, and enemies of superstition and mysticism. 1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel I. p. lxvi Aufklärung, Illumination, Enlightenment, destroyed Greece; it lowered man from Spirit to Animal. 1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 69 The individualistic tendencies of the age of Enlightenment. 1939 M. Praz Stud. 17th-Cent. Imagery I. iv. 184 Iconology during the period of enlightenment in philosophy and in literature, takes the place held by emblematics during the age of the Jesuits and the Baroque. 1974 tr. W. F. Wertheim Evol. & Revol. 173 A-religious rationalism was the prevalent trend of thinking in the Age of Enlightenment. 2006 D. R. Kelley Frontiers of Hist. i. 31 German historians continued to promote the national-imperial ideal over the false universalism of Humanism and Enlightenment. c. Buddhism. The state of spiritual insight or awareness which frees a person from the cycle of suffering and rebirth; = nirvana n. 1(a). Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1836 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 5 77 The ultimate scope and genius of the Buddist religion, of which the end is, freedom from metempsychosis; and the means, perfect and absolute enlightenment of the understanding, and consequent discovery of the grand secret of nature. 1869 S. Beal tr. Trav. Fah-Hian & Sung-Yun xxxi. 120 The town of Gaya, near which Buddha arrived at complete enlightenment. 1927 D. T. Suzuki Ess. Zen Buddhism 1st Ser. ii. 52 The presence in every individual of a faculty designated by the Mahayanists as Prajñā... Without Prajñā there could be no Enlightenment. 1976 National Geographic June 840 (caption) Serenity opens the door to self at a ‘dry landscape’ garden where Zen Buddhists seek enlightenment. 2009 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 28 Aug. r5 Dr. Madan Kataria of Mumbai, the ‘guru of giggling’, who promotes laughter as a shortcut to enlightenment. 2. With the and capital initial. The dominant European intellectual culture in the 18th cent. which typically emphasized freedom of thought and action without reference to religious and other traditional authority, proposed a deistic understanding of the universe, insisted on a rationalist and scientific approach to the understanding of human society, the law, education, the economy, etc., and had as an important aim the development of new theoretical methods and practical reforms for these areas; (also) the period of time during which this climate of thought was dominant. Cf. Aufklärung n., illumination n. 3. The Enlightenment spread across most of Western Europe and to European colonies in the Americas, typically with different aspects predominating in different countries or regions (e.g. the flowering of social and economic thought in Scotland). Hence, the term is often modified by an adjective denoting one of the main centres of activity, suggesting the particular characteristics or contribution of the thinkers from that area, as French Enlightenment, Scottish Enlightenment, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > rationalism > [noun] > philosophy of the Enlightenment illuminatism1798 illuminism1798 Aufklärung1842 illumination1881 enlightenment1893 1893 J. H. Tufts tr. W. Windelband Hist. Philos. v. 438 The beginnings of the philosophy of the Enlightenment are to be sought in England, where,..a powerful upward movement of literary life claimed philosophy also in the interests of general culture. 1910 J. G. Hibben Philos. Enlightenment i. 3 The significant movement of thought known as the Enlightenment, or Aufklärung, falls in the main within the period of the eighteenth century. 1917 Philos. Rev. 26 130 The Enlightenment was manifestly dominated by the presumption of the desirability of uniformity. 1956 E. Fromm Art of Loving ii. 15 Following the ideas of the Enlightenment, Socialist thinkers of various schools defined equality as abolition of exploitation. 1985 C. J. Jaenen Role of Church in New France 8 New France seems to have been shielded also from the radical ideas of the French Enlightenment. 1998 A. Quinton Hume 4 He was the most distinguished luminary of the Scottish Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, which also included Adam Smith. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xv. 310 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights spawned a new generation of rights, more textured but just as far-reaching as those of the Enlightenment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1621
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