epicyclen.

Brit.

/ˈɛpᵻˌsʌɪkl/, U.S.

/ˈɛpəˌsaɪkəl/

Forms: Middle English epiciclis, Middle English epicikle, Middle English episicle, Middle English epycikle, Middle English–1600s epicicle, 1500s–1600s epycicle, 1600s epycycle, 1600s– epicycle.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French epicycle; Latin epicyclus.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French epicicle, epicycle (a1324 in Old French; French épicycle ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin epicyclus (5th century) < Hellenistic Greek ἐπίκυκλος < ancient Greek ἐπι- epi- prefix + κύκλος cycle n.¹ Compare Italian epiciclo (a1282), Spanish epiciclo (a1260), Portuguese epiciclo (15th century as epiçicollo).

1. A circle whose centre is situated on the circumference of another circle, spec. (in early use) that of a larger circle; esp. (in geocentric astronomy) a circular path described by a celestial object moving around a point which in turn follows a circular orbit around another body or point in space (now chiefly historical).In the Ptolemaic system of astronomy the sun, moon, and each of the then known planets were thought to move in epicycles which in turn followed circular paths (called ‘deferents’) around the earth. This model, though incorrect as a physical description of planetary motion, approximately describes the apparent motion of a planet relative to the earth (cf. sense 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > closed curve > circle > on a sphere > not passing through centre

epicyclec1392

small circle1528

c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 24 (MED) Tak thanne a Renspyndle or a boydekyn &..thow shalt..make a litel hole thorw the epicycle, & thanne shaltow se..þat the poynt of thy renspindle shal haue towched the closere of the signes.

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §35. 44 The Moone Moeuyth the contrarie from othere planetes as in hire Episicle.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 In the circumference of eueriche of these cercles, was sette a lytel Cercle..which Cercle is cleped of Astronomyens the Epicikle.

1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation i. xx. sig. C.vi The Epicicle [Sp. Epiciclo], is a circle or litle roundel fixt in the depth of the Eccentrike.

1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel 11 The epicicle also hath his Apogeon and Perigeon.

1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 41 The needle..doth turne himselfe twise about, and make two whole circles, or epicicles in this voyage.

1671 J. Wallis in Philos. Trans. 1670 (Royal Soc.) 5 2070 The Earth describes a small Epicycle about the Common Center of Gravity of the Earth and Moon.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §84. 194 Such..as still maintained, that the Earth was Immovable, made Mercury and Venus move in Epicycles round the Sun.

1782 Monthly Rev. Mar. 182 The Pythagorean doctrines were quite forgot, and solid orbs and epicycles were multiplied to answer every appearance.

1817 New Monthly Mag. Oct. 248/1 A resemblance.., which the Hindu astronomy with its apparatus of eccentrics and epicycles bears in many respects to that of the Greeks.

1878 R. A. Proctor Treat. Cycloid v. 182 We obtain the same curve by interchanging deferent and epicycle.

1952 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Mar. 180/4 An observer at the equant would see the centre of the planet's epicycle advance through a constant number of degrees each day.

2011 T. Grissom Physicist's World v. 69 The other heavenly bodies..were each envisioned to move along a smaller circular path called an epicycle.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts.

a. Something likened to an epicycle in being a small component of a larger system.

ΚΠ

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12374 Epicicles thow shalt ffynde, Off Infortunyes fful dyuers.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §6 I love to..follow the great wheele of the Church, by which I move, not reserving any proper poles or motion from the epicycle of my owne brain.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 19 Hang early plummets upon the heels of Pride, and let Ambition have but an Epicycle and narrow circuit in thee.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. viii. 92/2 What infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our little Epicycle revolves on?

1886 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 23 Dec. 4/2 Achieving something as all convulsions do.., and then settling back into the calm of a cycle or epicycle.

1977 Slavonic & East European Rev. 55 67 There he joined a radical circle, an epicycle of the Chaykovsky Circle.

2009 Economist 23 May 87/1 The carbon cycle has thus acquired another epicycle.

b. Something likened to an epicycle in being a plausible but incorrect explanation for a particular system or state of affairs; a theory or hypothesis constructed for the sole purpose of accounting for discrepancies between an assumption or other theory and observation.See note at sense 1.

ΚΠ

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxv. 77 Is it not shee [sc. Philosophie], that cleereth all stormes of the mind..? Not by reason of some imaginarie Epicicles, but by naturall and palpable reasons.

1697 J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 172 It may be known without more ado, or without needing those little Spiritual Epicycles, (if I may so call them) those useless Ideas.

1795 T. Beddoes Observ Char. & Writings in J. Brown tr. Elements Med. (new ed.) I. p. *cxxxviii We may solve..several difficulties, for the sake of which new epicycles must be added to Brown's system.

1864 N. Amer. Rev. July 291 We have a Ptolemaic system of the spiritual universe, and thus must invent countless cycles and epicycles to bring what has been and is within the purlieus of our system.

1967 Times 14 Dec. 11/7 There comes a time when the suspicion becomes unavoidable that what is needed is not another Ptolemaic epicycle, but a Copernicus. What, after all, is Parliament for?

1973 Language 49 689 This assumption..led to the creation of an infinitude of linguistic epicycles, attempts to enable syntax to remain independent of semantics at any cost.

2001 A. J. Motyl Imperial Ends 46 It certainly seems to entail the construction of fewer face-saving epicycles.

3. A curve described by a point on the circumference of a circle as it both revolves around its centre and moves along the circumference of another circle; = epicycloid n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > generated by or related to a point > by revolution

cycloid1661

epicycloid1696

trochoid1704

involute figure or curve1706

roulette1708

evolute1753

epicycle1756

involute1796

hypocycloid1843

hypotrochoid1843

axoid1876

epicyclic1878

astroid1886

1756 J. Ferguson Astron. Explained xii. 140 Whilst the axle has a progressive motion, the nail will describe an Epicycle.

1839 H. Moseley Astron. lix. 170 The line joining them will be the actual path of the planet in respect to the earth, and it will be a curve, called an Epicycle accurately.

1946 W. M. Ivins Art & Geom. vii. 96 Kepler came to the conclusion that the orbits of the planets were ellipses and not circles (or, rather epicycles).

2006 B. Rosenblum & F. Kuttner Quantum Enigma iv. 24 Ptolemy's astronomy..required planets to move on ‘epicycles’, complicated loopy curves made up of circles rolling on circles within yet further circles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	epicycle
释义	epicyclen. Brit. /ˈɛpᵻˌsʌɪkl/, U.S. /ˈɛpəˌsaɪkəl/ Forms: Middle English epiciclis, Middle English epicikle, Middle English episicle, Middle English epycikle, Middle English–1600s epicicle, 1500s–1600s epycicle, 1600s epycycle, 1600s– epicycle. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French epicycle; Latin epicyclus. Etymology: < (i) Middle French epicicle, epicycle (a1324 in Old French; French épicycle ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin epicyclus (5th century) < Hellenistic Greek ἐπίκυκλος < ancient Greek ἐπι- epi- prefix + κύκλος cycle n.¹ Compare Italian epiciclo (a1282), Spanish epiciclo (a1260), Portuguese epiciclo (15th century as epiçicollo). 1. A circle whose centre is situated on the circumference of another circle, spec. (in early use) that of a larger circle; esp. (in geocentric astronomy) a circular path described by a celestial object moving around a point which in turn follows a circular orbit around another body or point in space (now chiefly historical).In the Ptolemaic system of astronomy the sun, moon, and each of the then known planets were thought to move in epicycles which in turn followed circular paths (called ‘deferents’) around the earth. This model, though incorrect as a physical description of planetary motion, approximately describes the apparent motion of a planet relative to the earth (cf. sense 2b). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > closed curve > circle > on a sphere > not passing through centre epicyclec1392 small circle1528 c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 24 (MED) Tak thanne a Renspyndle or a boydekyn &..thow shalt..make a litel hole thorw the epicycle, & thanne shaltow se..þat the poynt of thy renspindle shal haue towched the closere of the signes. c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §35. 44 The Moone Moeuyth the contrarie from othere planetes as in hire Episicle. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 In the circumference of eueriche of these cercles, was sette a lytel Cercle..which Cercle is cleped of Astronomyens the Epicikle. 1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation i. xx. sig. C.vi The Epicicle [Sp. Epiciclo], is a circle or litle roundel fixt in the depth of the Eccentrike. 1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel 11 The epicicle also hath his Apogeon and Perigeon. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 41 The needle..doth turne himselfe twise about, and make two whole circles, or epicicles in this voyage. 1671 J. Wallis in Philos. Trans. 1670 (Royal Soc.) 5 2070 The Earth describes a small Epicycle about the Common Center of Gravity of the Earth and Moon. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §84. 194 Such..as still maintained, that the Earth was Immovable, made Mercury and Venus move in Epicycles round the Sun. 1782 Monthly Rev. Mar. 182 The Pythagorean doctrines were quite forgot, and solid orbs and epicycles were multiplied to answer every appearance. 1817 New Monthly Mag. Oct. 248/1 A resemblance.., which the Hindu astronomy with its apparatus of eccentrics and epicycles bears in many respects to that of the Greeks. 1878 R. A. Proctor Treat. Cycloid v. 182 We obtain the same curve by interchanging deferent and epicycle. 1952 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Mar. 180/4 An observer at the equant would see the centre of the planet's epicycle advance through a constant number of degrees each day. 2011 T. Grissom Physicist's World v. 69 The other heavenly bodies..were each envisioned to move along a smaller circular path called an epicycle. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. a. Something likened to an epicycle in being a small component of a larger system. ΚΠ a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12374 Epicicles thow shalt ffynde, Off Infortunyes fful dyuers. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §6 I love to..follow the great wheele of the Church, by which I move, not reserving any proper poles or motion from the epicycle of my owne brain. View more context for this quotation a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 19 Hang early plummets upon the heels of Pride, and let Ambition have but an Epicycle and narrow circuit in thee. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. viii. 92/2 What infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our little Epicycle revolves on? 1886 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 23 Dec. 4/2 Achieving something as all convulsions do.., and then settling back into the calm of a cycle or epicycle. 1977 Slavonic & East European Rev. 55 67 There he joined a radical circle, an epicycle of the Chaykovsky Circle. 2009 Economist 23 May 87/1 The carbon cycle has thus acquired another epicycle. b. Something likened to an epicycle in being a plausible but incorrect explanation for a particular system or state of affairs; a theory or hypothesis constructed for the sole purpose of accounting for discrepancies between an assumption or other theory and observation.See note at sense 1. ΚΠ 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxv. 77 Is it not shee [sc. Philosophie], that cleereth all stormes of the mind..? Not by reason of some imaginarie Epicicles, but by naturall and palpable reasons. 1697 J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 172 It may be known without more ado, or without needing those little Spiritual Epicycles, (if I may so call them) those useless Ideas. 1795 T. Beddoes Observ Char. & Writings in J. Brown tr. Elements Med. (new ed.) I. p. cxxxviii We may solve..several difficulties, for the sake of which new epicycles must be added to Brown's system. 1864 N. Amer. Rev.* July 291 We have a Ptolemaic system of the spiritual universe, and thus must invent countless cycles and epicycles to bring what has been and is within the purlieus of our system. 1967 Times 14 Dec. 11/7 There comes a time when the suspicion becomes unavoidable that what is needed is not another Ptolemaic epicycle, but a Copernicus. What, after all, is Parliament for? 1973 Language 49 689 This assumption..led to the creation of an infinitude of linguistic epicycles, attempts to enable syntax to remain independent of semantics at any cost. 2001 A. J. Motyl Imperial Ends 46 It certainly seems to entail the construction of fewer face-saving epicycles. 3. A curve described by a point on the circumference of a circle as it both revolves around its centre and moves along the circumference of another circle; = epicycloid n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > generated by or related to a point > by revolution cycloid1661 epicycloid1696 trochoid1704 involute figure or curve1706 roulette1708 evolute1753 epicycle1756 involute1796 hypocycloid1843 hypotrochoid1843 axoid1876 epicyclic1878 astroid1886 1756 J. Ferguson Astron. Explained xii. 140 Whilst the axle has a progressive motion, the nail will describe an Epicycle. 1839 H. Moseley Astron. lix. 170 The line joining them will be the actual path of the planet in respect to the earth, and it will be a curve, called an Epicycle accurately. 1946 W. M. Ivins Art & Geom. vii. 96 Kepler came to the conclusion that the orbits of the planets were ellipses and not circles (or, rather epicycles). 2006 B. Rosenblum & F. Kuttner Quantum Enigma iv. 24 Ptolemy's astronomy..required planets to move on ‘epicycles’, complicated loopy curves made up of circles rolling on circles within yet further circles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † epicyclev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: epicycle n. Etymology: < epicycle n. poetic. Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To cause to move in a path resembling an epicycle (epicycle n. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > manipulate shapes or figures [verb (transitive)] > move in an epicycle epicycle1652 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila vii. xli. 100 Supreme Commander of the rowling Stars! Thy Law..Does Epicycle their obliquely gliding Cars. 2. intransitive. To move in a path resembling an epicycle. ΚΠ 1861 J. B. Norton Nemesis iv. 165 The planets wander'd round, Cycling and epicycling, chrystal spheres. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.c1392v.1652
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epicyclen.

† epicyclev.