epigenesisn.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌɛpəˈdʒɛnəsəs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin epigenesis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin epigenesis ( W. Harvey Exercitationes (1651) 298; compare quot. 1653 at sense 1) < epi- epi- prefix + classical Latin genesis genesis n. Harvey explains the word as meaning ‘partium super-exorientium additamentum’, translated as ‘the additament of parts budding one out of another’.In sense 2 after German Epigenesis (1787 in Kant; compare quot. 1838 at sense 2).

1. Biology. A developmental process involving the successive addition or origination of new parts, spec. in contrast to development by the growth or expansion of pre-existing rudiments (see preformation n. 2); an instance of this. Now chiefly historical.Frequently in theory of epigenesis. This was advocated as a theory of embryonic development by scientists such as Harvey and Wolff in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was initially controversial because it seemed to require a non-physical organizing, or vital, force, but scientists now accept that development occurs in this manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of origin or development of life

epigenesis1653

intelligent design1816

vitalism1822

ovarism1857

panspermy1857

creationism1860

monadism1860

nomogeny1868

thaumatogeny1868

biogenesis1870

panspermism1870

biogeny1871

polygenesis1871

panspermatism1874

monism1880

ovism1892

neo-vitalism1895

creation science1970

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations xlv. 225 The generation of the Chicken out of the Egge, proceeds..by an Epigenesis..; and that all its parts are not constituted at once, but successively, & in Order; and that while it is augmented it is also formed, & while it is formed, it is also augmented.

1779 Monthly Rev. 60 523 The formation of organized bodies, such as plants and animals, could not be effected by laws merely mechanical or physical, and..therefore the hypothesis of the epigenesis is without any foundation.

1805 tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. v. 328 According to the theory of Epigenesis, then, the fluids of the male and female are mixed, and an offspring is obtained from these two, which, in form and properties resembles both father and mother.

1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. Prolegomena v. p. c With Mind, as with Body, there is not preformation or pre-existence, but evolution and epigenesis.

1924 Sci. Progress 20th Cent. 18 583 The final specific structure of a cell is not predetermined from the beginning; it is the visible expression of one of many alternate possibilities or ‘potencies’. This is the theory of epigenesis.

1991 J. L. Casti Searching for Certainty (1992) iii. 137 Epigenesis means that all of the adult organism is present in codified, rather than actual, form in all fertilized eggs in all species.

2007 Science 25 May 1126/2 The theory of epigenesis..holds that complexity emerges progressively during development. (That view was opposed by the theory of preformation, which held that individuals develop by the enlargement of minute, fully formed organisms.)

2. figurative and in extended use. Originally: (in Kantian philosophy) an intellectual or mental process likened to epigenesis (sense 1) in developing gradually or by progressive differentiation. Later also: the formation or development of something by gradual or successive steps.

ΚΠ

1798 A. F. M. Willich in tr. I. Kant Elements Crit. Philos. Gloss. 156 Epigenesis of pure Reason has been called the Kantian explanation concerning the coincidence of the pure intellectual conceptions..with the objects of experience.

1838 F. Haywood tr. I. Kant Critick Pure Reason i. 125 The second way, therefore, only remains, as it were, a system of Epigenesis of pure reason [Ger. Epigenesis der reinen Vernunft], that is to say, that the categories, with regard to the understanding, contain the grounds of the possibility of all experience in general.

1967 M. S. Smart & R. C. Smart Children: Devel. & Relationships (1969) 24 The epigenesis of personality continues well into adulthood, perhaps throughout life.

1975 M. C. Bateson (title) Mother-infant exchanges: the epigenesis of conversational interaction.

1997 H. Müller-Sievers Self-generation ii. 48 Kant's adoption of epigenesis is motivated by the metaphysical elasticity of this theorem..: the thought of epigenesis allows an autonomous origin of natural products without, however, threatening the continuum of nature.

2015 Jrnl. Beckett Stud. 24 89 The limits of textual epigenesis.

Derivatives

epiˈgenesist n. now historical a person who advocates or believes in the theory of epigenesis; cf. epigeneticist n., epigenist n. [After Italian epigenesista (1776 or earlier); compare French épigénésiste (1779 or earlier), German Epigenesiste (1777 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > theories > person holding theory > [noun] > of origin or development of life

animalculist1730

epigenesist1784

vermiculist1784

animalist1800

epigenist1803

ovarist1816

spermatist1836

ovist1838

creationist1856

seminist1857

vitalist1860

monogenist1868

nomogenist1868

panspermist1868

abiogenist1870

heterogenist1870

panspermatist1870

ovulist1879

adaptionist1888

abiogenesist1889

thaumatogenist1891

1784 tr. L. Spallanzani Diss. Nat. Hist. II. iii. 306 An Epigenesist [It. Un Epigenesista], a Count Buffon, accustomed to view Nature under an angle proportional to his favourite ideas, would not probably hesitate, if the facts observed by me had passed under his inspection, to embrace the former opinion.

1816 P. Keith Syst. Physiol. Bot. II. 364 This is the theory of the epigenesists, who maintain that the embryo pre-exists neither in the ovary nor pollen, but is generated by the union of the fecundating principles of the male and female organs.

1944 Sci. Monthly Sept. 228/1 Most epigenesists who extended the period of interaction over the entire history of the embryo had no clear explanation of why interaction leads to a norm instead of to disorganization.

2014 J. Maienschein Embryos under Microscope ii. 37 Epigenesists adopted some of the vitalistic interpretation and thereby assigned a distinct meaning to life.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	epigenesis
释义	epigenesisn. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/, U.S. /ˌɛpəˈdʒɛnəsəs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin epigenesis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin epigenesis ( W. Harvey Exercitationes (1651) 298; compare quot. 1653 at sense 1) < epi- epi- prefix + classical Latin genesis genesis n. Harvey explains the word as meaning ‘partium super-exorientium additamentum’, translated as ‘the additament of parts budding one out of another’.In sense 2 after German Epigenesis (1787 in Kant; compare quot. 1838 at sense 2). 1. Biology. A developmental process involving the successive addition or origination of new parts, spec. in contrast to development by the growth or expansion of pre-existing rudiments (see preformation n. 2); an instance of this. Now chiefly historical.Frequently in theory of epigenesis. This was advocated as a theory of embryonic development by scientists such as Harvey and Wolff in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was initially controversial because it seemed to require a non-physical organizing, or vital, force, but scientists now accept that development occurs in this manner. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of origin or development of life epigenesis1653 intelligent design1816 vitalism1822 ovarism1857 panspermy1857 creationism1860 monadism1860 nomogeny1868 thaumatogeny1868 biogenesis1870 panspermism1870 biogeny1871 polygenesis1871 panspermatism1874 monism1880 ovism1892 neo-vitalism1895 creation science1970 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations xlv. 225 The generation of the Chicken out of the Egge, proceeds..by an Epigenesis..; and that all its parts are not constituted at once, but successively, & in Order; and that while it is augmented it is also formed, & while it is formed, it is also augmented. 1779 Monthly Rev. 60 523 The formation of organized bodies, such as plants and animals, could not be effected by laws merely mechanical or physical, and..therefore the hypothesis of the epigenesis is without any foundation. 1805 tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. v. 328 According to the theory of Epigenesis, then, the fluids of the male and female are mixed, and an offspring is obtained from these two, which, in form and properties resembles both father and mother. 1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. Prolegomena v. p. c With Mind, as with Body, there is not preformation or pre-existence, but evolution and epigenesis. 1924 Sci. Progress 20th Cent. 18 583 The final specific structure of a cell is not predetermined from the beginning; it is the visible expression of one of many alternate possibilities or ‘potencies’. This is the theory of epigenesis. 1991 J. L. Casti Searching for Certainty (1992) iii. 137 Epigenesis means that all of the adult organism is present in codified, rather than actual, form in all fertilized eggs in all species. 2007 Science 25 May 1126/2 The theory of epigenesis..holds that complexity emerges progressively during development. (That view was opposed by the theory of preformation, which held that individuals develop by the enlargement of minute, fully formed organisms.) 2. figurative and in extended use. Originally: (in Kantian philosophy) an intellectual or mental process likened to epigenesis (sense 1) in developing gradually or by progressive differentiation. Later also: the formation or development of something by gradual or successive steps. ΚΠ 1798 A. F. M. Willich in tr. I. Kant Elements Crit. Philos. Gloss. 156 Epigenesis of pure Reason has been called the Kantian explanation concerning the coincidence of the pure intellectual conceptions..with the objects of experience. 1838 F. Haywood tr. I. Kant Critick Pure Reason i. 125 The second way, therefore, only remains, as it were, a system of Epigenesis of pure reason [Ger. Epigenesis der reinen Vernunft], that is to say, that the categories, with regard to the understanding, contain the grounds of the possibility of all experience in general. 1967 M. S. Smart & R. C. Smart Children: Devel. & Relationships (1969) 24 The epigenesis of personality continues well into adulthood, perhaps throughout life. 1975 M. C. Bateson (title) Mother-infant exchanges: the epigenesis of conversational interaction. 1997 H. Müller-Sievers Self-generation ii. 48 Kant's adoption of epigenesis is motivated by the metaphysical elasticity of this theorem..: the thought of epigenesis allows an autonomous origin of natural products without, however, threatening the continuum of nature. 2015 Jrnl. Beckett Stud. 24 89 The limits of textual epigenesis. Derivatives epiˈgenesist n. now historical a person who advocates or believes in the theory of epigenesis; cf. epigeneticist n., epigenist n. [After Italian epigenesista (1776 or earlier); compare French épigénésiste (1779 or earlier), German Epigenesiste (1777 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > theories > person holding theory > [noun] > of origin or development of life animalculist1730 epigenesist1784 vermiculist1784 animalist1800 epigenist1803 ovarist1816 spermatist1836 ovist1838 creationist1856 seminist1857 vitalist1860 monogenist1868 nomogenist1868 panspermist1868 abiogenist1870 heterogenist1870 panspermatist1870 ovulist1879 adaptionist1888 abiogenesist1889 thaumatogenist1891 1784 tr. L. Spallanzani Diss. Nat. Hist. II. iii. 306 An Epigenesist [It. Un Epigenesista], a Count Buffon, accustomed to view Nature under an angle proportional to his favourite ideas, would not probably hesitate, if the facts observed by me had passed under his inspection, to embrace the former opinion. 1816 P. Keith Syst. Physiol. Bot. II. 364 This is the theory of the epigenesists, who maintain that the embryo pre-exists neither in the ovary nor pollen, but is generated by the union of the fecundating principles of the male and female organs. 1944 Sci. Monthly Sept. 228/1 Most epigenesists who extended the period of interaction over the entire history of the embryo had no clear explanation of why interaction leads to a norm instead of to disorganization. 2014 J. Maienschein Embryos under Microscope ii. 37 Epigenesists adopted some of the vitalistic interpretation and thereby assigned a distinct meaning to life. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1653
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