establishingn.

/ɪˈstablɪʃɪŋ/

Etymology: formed as establish v. + -ing suffix¹.

The action of establish v. in its various senses.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun]

ordainmenta1325

instituingc1380

establishingc1400

assignment1447

prefermentc1465

appointing1520

anointment1561

ordination1650

appointment1658

constitution1665

makinga1715

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding

fasteningeOE

stablishinga1300

groundingc1380

stablingc1380

ordinancec1384

establishingc1400

foundationc1400

fundament1440

stablishment1444

institutionc1460

upsetting1470

erection1508

instituting1534

foundingc1540

erecting1553

constitution1582

establishment1596

plantation1605

instauration1614

institute1641

bottoming1642

ordaining1643

settlement1646

planting1702

incardination1897

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun]

strenghinga1400

strengthc1400

affirmance1442

roboration1473

confirmation1520

corroboration1529

fortification1530

strengthening1535

hardening1544

establishment1561

re-enforcement1577

comforting1605

reinforcement1605

consolidation1611

establishing1846

undergirding1868

entrenchment1877

entrenching1950

c1400 Rom. Rose 6371 No prelate may done so, But it the pope be..That made thilk establisshing.

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxx. 80 In the election and establysshynge of chyuetayns ther may be founden errour.

1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 101 When we have our forces..in our own hands to the firm establishing of a free Commonwealth.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles vi. 184 The words are an establishing of a tottering faith.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

establishingadj.

Etymology: formed as establish v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: eˈstablishing.

That establishes; sustaining, supporting; spec. (Cinematography) in establishing shot. (Cf. establish v. 5d.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [adjective] > preserving in being or maintaining

sustaining?c1425

sustentative1629

sustentive1662

establishing1668

supporting1681

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of

long shot1858

glass shot1908

close-up1913

aerial shot1920

angle shot1922

medium shot1925

far-away1926

travelling shot1927

zoom1930

zoom shot1930

process shot1931

close-medium shot1933

medium close-up1933

reverse angle1933

reverse shot1934

three-shot1934

tilt shot1934

medium-close shot1937

reaction shot1937

tracking shot1940

pan shot1941

stock shot1941

Dutch angle1947

cheat shot1948

establishing shot1948

master-scene1948

trucking shot1948

two-shot1949

bridging shot1951

body shot1952

library shot1953

master shot1953

mid shot1953

MS1953

pullback1957

MCU1959

noddy1982

arc shot1989

pop shot1993

1668 J. Flavell Saint Indeed 75 This heart reviving and establishing Doctrine of the Dominion of our Father.

1948 E. Lindgren Art of Film 205 Establishing shot, long shot introduced at the beginning of a scene to establish the inter-relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots.

1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing 280 Establishing shot, shot (usually long shot) used near the beginning of a scene to establish the inter~relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots.

1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 94/1 Establishing shot. This is usually a long shot for establishing a mood or location and so tying together the separate parts of the scene or sequence.

1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) viii. 159 Some idiotic fool comes along and cuts the film up... Continuity, establishing shots—most of them gone. The pictures just don't make sense on television.

1962 Listener 13 Dec. 1025/1 Most of the blame must attach to the director..whose long establishing tours..managed to create an edgy tedium without ever really conveying the curious characteristic atmosphere.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	establishing
释义	establishingn. /ɪˈstablɪʃɪŋ/ Etymology: formed as establish v. + -ing suffix¹. The action of establish v. in its various senses. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun] ordainmenta1325 instituingc1380 establishingc1400 assignment1447 prefermentc1465 appointing1520 anointment1561 ordination1650 appointment1658 constitution1665 makinga1715 the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding fasteningeOE stablishinga1300 groundingc1380 stablingc1380 ordinancec1384 establishingc1400 foundationc1400 fundament1440 stablishment1444 institutionc1460 upsetting1470 erection1508 instituting1534 foundingc1540 erecting1553 constitution1582 establishment1596 plantation1605 instauration1614 institute1641 bottoming1642 ordaining1643 settlement1646 planting1702 incardination1897 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] strenghinga1400 strengthc1400 affirmance1442 roboration1473 confirmation1520 corroboration1529 fortification1530 strengthening1535 hardening1544 establishment1561 re-enforcement1577 comforting1605 reinforcement1605 consolidation1611 establishing1846 undergirding1868 entrenchment1877 entrenching1950 c1400 Rom. Rose 6371 No prelate may done so, But it the pope be..That made thilk establisshing. 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxx. 80 In the election and establysshynge of chyuetayns ther may be founden errour. 1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 101 When we have our forces..in our own hands to the firm establishing of a free Commonwealth. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles vi. 184 The words are an establishing of a tottering faith. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2018). establishingadj. Etymology: formed as establish v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: eˈstablishing. That establishes; sustaining, supporting; spec. (Cinematography) in establishing shot. (Cf. establish v. 5d.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [adjective] > preserving in being or maintaining sustaining?c1425 sustentative1629 sustentive1662 establishing1668 supporting1681 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of long shot1858 glass shot1908 close-up1913 aerial shot1920 angle shot1922 medium shot1925 far-away1926 travelling shot1927 zoom1930 zoom shot1930 process shot1931 close-medium shot1933 medium close-up1933 reverse angle1933 reverse shot1934 three-shot1934 tilt shot1934 medium-close shot1937 reaction shot1937 tracking shot1940 pan shot1941 stock shot1941 Dutch angle1947 cheat shot1948 establishing shot1948 master-scene1948 trucking shot1948 two-shot1949 bridging shot1951 body shot1952 library shot1953 master shot1953 mid shot1953 MS1953 pullback1957 MCU1959 noddy1982 arc shot1989 pop shot1993 1668 J. Flavell Saint Indeed 75 This heart reviving and establishing Doctrine of the Dominion of our Father. 1948 E. Lindgren Art of Film 205 Establishing shot, long shot introduced at the beginning of a scene to establish the inter-relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots. 1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing 280 Establishing shot, shot (usually long shot) used near the beginning of a scene to establish the inter~relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots. 1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 94/1 Establishing shot. This is usually a long shot for establishing a mood or location and so tying together the separate parts of the scene or sequence. 1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) viii. 159 Some idiotic fool comes along and cuts the film up... Continuity, establishing shots—most of them gone. The pictures just don't make sense on television. 1962 Listener 13 Dec. 1025/1 Most of the blame must attach to the director..whose long establishing tours..managed to create an edgy tedium without ever really conveying the curious characteristic atmosphere. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.c1400adj.1668
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