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单词 ermth
释义

ermthn.

Forms:

α. early Old English iermþ- (inflected form), early Old English iermð- (inflected form), early Old English ermð (Kentish), Old English ermð- (inflected form), early Old English ermþo (dative), Old English ermþu (accusative), Old English ermðu, Old English yrmþ, Old English yrmð, Old English–early Middle English yrmþe, Old English–early Middle English yrmðe, Old English yrmþo, Old English yrmðo, Old English yrmþu, Old English yrmðu, early Middle English ermden (probably transmission error), early Middle English ermðe.

β. Old English earmþ, Old English eormþ, late Old English earmð, late Old English eormð, early Middle English armþe, early Middle English ærmþe, early Middle English ærmðe, early Middle English earmde, early Middle English earmþe, early Middle English earmðe.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German armida < the Germanic base of arm adj. + the Germanic base of -th suffix1.In Old English a strong feminine (ō -stem), which (in common with other de-adjectival nouns reflecting the Germanic suffix -th suffix1 2) exhibits much variation in the presence or absence of final -u (or -o ) in the nominative singular (and sometimes also shows this ending levelled to oblique cases); consequently, the base form can be difficult to reconstruct from inflected forms. The α. forms show i-mutation of the stem vowel caused by the i of the suffix; the β. forms either represent a by-form without mutation or show the analogical influence of arm adj. Forms such as Old English ermþ- , early Middle English ermth- chiefly show the reflex of the i-mutation of ea to e in non-West Saxon dialects and sources influenced by them (contrast West Saxon iermþ- , (late) yrmþ- ). Occasional (late and Kentish) forms such as Old English eormþ , eormð could be taken as showing either a spelling for (unmutated) ea or (mutated) y or a (late) hypercorrection of (mutated) e (compare discussion at erming n.1).
Obsolete.
Wretchedness, misery; an instance of this. Also: poverty, want, indigence.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun]
unselthc888
ermtheOE
unselea1023
wellawayOE
wretchhead1154
wandrethc1175
woec1175
wanea1200
wretchdom?c1225
yomernessc1250
balec1275
un-i-selec1275
wan-siðc1275
unseelinessa1300
wretchedheada1300
cursedness1303
wretcheddomc1320
wrechea1325
wretchnessa1330
tribulationc1330
wretchednessa1340
caitifty1340
meeknessa1382
unwealsomeness1382
infelicityc1384
caitifhedea1400
ill liking?a1400
sorea1400
ungleea1400
unweala1400
caitifnessc1400
deploration1490
caitifdoma1500
woefulnessa1513
misery1527
miserity1533
mishappinessa1542
unwealfulnessa1555
tribulance1575
miserableness1613
agony1621
desolatenessa1626
unblissa1628
unhappiness1722
misère1791
shadow1855
valley1882
miz1918
α.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxvii. 508 God hæfð ge[tioh]hod to sellanne witu and ermða [þam y]flum monnum for hiora yflu[m weor]cum.
OE Beowulf (2008) 1259 Grendles moder..yrmþe gemunde.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 44 Soðlice þeos [earme wuduwe] of hyre yrmþe eall þæt heo hæfde sealde ealle hyre andlyfene.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 45 Eneas þe duc mid ermden [prob. read ermðen] at-wond.
β. OE Homily (Hatton 115) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 175 In balwum & on bradum lege, in earmþum & on earfeþum, & on sweartum bryne & on swiltcwale.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1104 Nis eaðe to asecgenne þises landes earmða þe hit to þysan timan dreogende wæs þurh mistlice & mænigfealdlice unriht & gyld.c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 542 Þeose & oþre earmðen [a1250 Titus armðen]..of wedlac awakenið.a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 114 Þer hachte is hid, þer is armþe inoch.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10197 Þa wes Ænglene lond mid ærmþe [c1300 Otho harme] of-fulled.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.eOE
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