epistasisn.

Brit.

/ᵻˈpɪstəsɪs/, U.S.

/ᵻˈpɪstəsəs/

Inflections: Plural epistases.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin epistasis; Greek ἐπίστασις.

Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin epistasis (1529 or earlier), or its etymon (ii) ancient Greek ἐπίστασις stopping, stoppage, e.g. of blood or urine, also scum on urine < ἐϕιστάναι to stop, check ( < ἐϕ- , variant (before an aspirate) of ἐπι- epi- prefix + ἱστάναι to stand: see stand v.) + -σις -sis suffix.With sense 1b, compare the following discussion of Galen's use of the word:1849 F. Adams Genuine Wks. Hippocrates II. Aphorisms vii. no. 35 When the scum on the surface is fatty and copious, it indicates acute diseases of the kidneys. [Note] It appears from Galen, that in some copies he found epistasis, and in others hypostasis; the one evidently referring to the scum on the surface, and the latter to the sediment: he favours the former reading, and understands it to refer to melting of the fat in the neighbourhood of the kidneys. In sense 2 after German Epistase (1896 or earlier). In sense 3 after epistatic adj.

†1. Medicine.

a. Suppression of an excretion or discharge. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. Gloss. Obs. Terms Epistasis, see Epischesis [i.e. a suppression of excretions].

b. A layer that forms on the surface of a sample of urine. Cf. hypostasis n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > calculus or sediment

stonec1000

gravelc1400

hypostasy1547

hypostasis1590

furfur1621

lithiasis1657

epistasis1807

xanthic calculus1817

urostealite1854

crystalluria1916

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. Gloss. Obs. Terms Epistasis,... Also the substance on the surface of the urine.

2. Biology. Persistence of or reversion to an early stage in ontogenetic or phylogenetic development (as an evolutionary phenomenon). Cf. neoteny n. Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1897 tr. T. Eimer in Monist 8 98 Epistasis, the persistence or standstill of evolution at definite stages, is the main determining cause of the formation of species.

1903 Science 6 Mar. 381/1 Epistasis is a modified form of the process emphasized by Boas under the name of neotenia, a reversion of a phylum to a modified embryonic condition.

1951 E. R. Hall Amer. Weasels 67 Jaeckel's (1902) theory of metakinesis, therefore, is to be considered since it postulates that many cases of epistasis occur; that is to say, that many sexually adult animals are arrested in development in early ontogenetic stages.

3. Genetics. Suppression or inhibition of the phenotypic expression of a gene by a second, non-allelic gene (i.e. a gene at a different locus); (also more generally) interaction between non-allelic genes. Also: an instance of such suppression or interaction. Cf. epistatic adj. and hypostasis n. 7.

ΚΠ

1911 G. H. Shull in Bot. Gaz. 52 318 There is similar epistasis of the lighter stem colors to the darker; two inhibiting factors produce definitely localized effects in the flower.

1932 E. W. Sinnott & L. C. Dunn Princ. Genetics (ed. 2) v. 82 Epistasis..is similar to dominance except that it occurs between different factors instead of between the two members of an allelomorphic pair.

1965 J. A. Serra Mod. Genetics I. iii. 63 Some of the most striking examples of inhibitor-type epistasis are provided by genes which control pigmentation in animals or plants.

2007 S. W. Adkins et al. Seeds xxii. 219 Epistases are involved in the regulation of genetic variation for seed dormancy with two-way interactions being detected in Arabidopsis, barley and wheat mapping populations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	epistasis
释义	epistasisn. Brit. /ᵻˈpɪstəsɪs/, U.S. /ᵻˈpɪstəsəs/ Inflections: Plural epistases. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin epistasis; Greek ἐπίστασις. Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin epistasis (1529 or earlier), or its etymon (ii) ancient Greek ἐπίστασις stopping, stoppage, e.g. of blood or urine, also scum on urine < ἐϕιστάναι to stop, check ( < ἐϕ- , variant (before an aspirate) of ἐπι- epi- prefix + ἱστάναι to stand: see stand v.) + -σις -sis suffix.With sense 1b, compare the following discussion of Galen's use of the word:1849 F. Adams Genuine Wks. Hippocrates II. Aphorisms vii. no. 35 When the scum on the surface is fatty and copious, it indicates acute diseases of the kidneys. [Note] It appears from Galen, that in some copies he found epistasis, and in others hypostasis; the one evidently referring to the scum on the surface, and the latter to the sediment: he favours the former reading, and understands it to refer to melting of the fat in the neighbourhood of the kidneys. In sense 2 after German Epistase (1896 or earlier). In sense 3 after epistatic adj. †1. Medicine. a. Suppression of an excretion or discharge. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. Gloss. Obs. Terms Epistasis, see Epischesis [i.e. a suppression of excretions]. b. A layer that forms on the surface of a sample of urine. Cf. hypostasis n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > calculus or sediment stonec1000 gravelc1400 hypostasy1547 hypostasis1590 furfur1621 lithiasis1657 epistasis1807 xanthic calculus1817 urostealite1854 crystalluria1916 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. Gloss. Obs. Terms Epistasis,... Also the substance on the surface of the urine. 2. Biology. Persistence of or reversion to an early stage in ontogenetic or phylogenetic development (as an evolutionary phenomenon). Cf. neoteny n. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1897 tr. T. Eimer in Monist 8 98 Epistasis, the persistence or standstill of evolution at definite stages, is the main determining cause of the formation of species. 1903 Science 6 Mar. 381/1 Epistasis is a modified form of the process emphasized by Boas under the name of neotenia, a reversion of a phylum to a modified embryonic condition. 1951 E. R. Hall Amer. Weasels 67 Jaeckel's (1902) theory of metakinesis, therefore, is to be considered since it postulates that many cases of epistasis occur; that is to say, that many sexually adult animals are arrested in development in early ontogenetic stages. 3. Genetics. Suppression or inhibition of the phenotypic expression of a gene by a second, non-allelic gene (i.e. a gene at a different locus); (also more generally) interaction between non-allelic genes. Also: an instance of such suppression or interaction. Cf. epistatic adj. and hypostasis n. 7. ΚΠ 1911 G. H. Shull in Bot. Gaz. 52 318 There is similar epistasis of the lighter stem colors to the darker; two inhibiting factors produce definitely localized effects in the flower. 1932 E. W. Sinnott & L. C. Dunn Princ. Genetics (ed. 2) v. 82 Epistasis..is similar to dominance except that it occurs between different factors instead of between the two members of an allelomorphic pair. 1965 J. A. Serra Mod. Genetics I. iii. 63 Some of the most striking examples of inhibitor-type epistasis are provided by genes which control pigmentation in animals or plants. 2007 S. W. Adkins et al. Seeds xxii. 219 Epistases are involved in the regulation of genetic variation for seed dormancy with two-way interactions being detected in Arabidopsis, barley and wheat mapping populations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1807
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