espaliern.

/ɪˈspalɪə/

Forms: Also 1600s espaliere.

Etymology: < French espalier, < Italian spalliera ‘wainscot work to lean the shoulders against’ (Florio), hence, stakes of the same height, < spalla shoulder. Compare Spanish espalera, espaldera, of same meaning.

1. A kind of latticework or framework of stakes upon which fruit trees or ornamental shrubs are trained; also the stakes individually.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > trellis or framework

trailc1460

trellis1513

palisado1604

counter-espalier1658

palisade1658

pole hedge1658

treillage1698

trellis-work1712

espalier1736

trellis-frame1766

trainer1836

balloon1881

trellising1913

palm-stand1926

wigwam1961

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame

palisado1604

counter-espalier1658

palisade1658

pole hedge1658

espalier1736

fruit-frame1874

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 281 Repair your Espaliers, and fasten your Fruit-trees thereto.

1754 R. Dodsley Agric. in Public Virtue ii. (R.) His ripening fruits Display their sweet temptations from the wall, Or from the gay espalier.

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) I. xiv. 436 The upright putrescent espaliers of vine-props.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. viii. 168 The willow..is much used, its young shoots being employed to tie up the fruit trees to the espaliers.

2. A fruit tree trained on a lattice, usually of woodwork, or on stakes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard

standard1625

wall-tree1653

stander1660

espalier1664

wall-fruit1669

mural1684

waller1688

wall1707

cordon1878

spalliard1888

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 79 in Sylva Plant your fairest Tulips..under Espaliers.

1731 A. Pope Epist. to Earl of Burlington 8 Behold Villario's ten-years Toil compleat, His Quincunx darkens, his Espaliers meet.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 541 Espaliers of European grapes in gardens have long ago been introduced.

1833 Ld. Tennyson Blackbird The espaliers and the standards all Are thine.

†3. A row of trees so trained. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame > row of trees trained on

spalliard1625

espalier1712

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard > row of fruit-trees trained on lattices

espalier1712

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 3 A Fruit-Garden planted..in long Espaliers.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Batardier Fruit-Trees..placed in Espaliers or elsewhere, instead of a dead Tree.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 16 Jan. in Wks. (1955) VII. 255 Espalier hedges..make the ornaments of this place.

1806 Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Friendship (1882) I. 20 One of the espalier apple-trees in the garden is a perfect picture.

1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 102/1 Espalier Trees may be much more easily cleaned of vermin.

C2.

espalierwise adv. in the form of an espalier.

ΚΠ

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Garden Fences The Horse-Chestnut..will bear forming Espalierwise.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

espalierv.

Brit.

/ᵻˈspalɪə/,

/ɛˈspalɪə/,

/ᵻˈspalɪeɪ/,

/ɛˈspalɪeɪ/, U.S.

/əsˈpæljər/,

/ɛsˈpæljər/,

/əsˈpɑljər/,

/ɛsˈpɑljər/,

/əsˈpeɪljər/,

/ɛsˈpeɪljər/

Etymology: < espalier n.

transitive.

a. To train as an espalier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > train

rail?1387

trail1398

train?1440

conduct1477

to lay in1802

espalier1810

trellis1818

set1845

1810 Bp. Copleston Repl. to Edinb. Rev. in Mem. (1851) 329 We want not men who are clipped and espaliered into any form which the whim of the gardener may dictate.

1846 in J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in mod. Dicts.

b. To furnish or surround with an espalier.

ΚΠ

1889 in Cent. Dict.

Derivatives

eˈspaliered adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [adjective] > trained

plashed1602

trained1683

espaliered1856

splashed1886

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 136 Latticed and espaliered cottages.

1865 M. E. Braddon Doctor's Wife iii There were roses and sweet-brier, espaliered apples.

eˈspaliering n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > training

railinga1398

bushingc1420

training1601

espaliering1882

1882 Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. 4 154 He appears to be engaged in that form of training trees called espaliering.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	espalier
释义	espaliern. /ɪˈspalɪə/ Forms: Also 1600s espaliere. Etymology: < French espalier, < Italian spalliera ‘wainscot work to lean the shoulders against’ (Florio), hence, stakes of the same height, < spalla shoulder. Compare Spanish espalera, espaldera, of same meaning. 1. A kind of latticework or framework of stakes upon which fruit trees or ornamental shrubs are trained; also the stakes individually. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > trellis or framework trailc1460 trellis1513 palisado1604 counter-espalier1658 palisade1658 pole hedge1658 treillage1698 trellis-work1712 espalier1736 trellis-frame1766 trainer1836 balloon1881 trellising1913 palm-stand1926 wigwam1961 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame palisado1604 counter-espalier1658 palisade1658 pole hedge1658 espalier1736 fruit-frame1874 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 281 Repair your Espaliers, and fasten your Fruit-trees thereto. 1754 R. Dodsley Agric. in Public Virtue ii. (R.) His ripening fruits Display their sweet temptations from the wall, Or from the gay espalier. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) I. xiv. 436 The upright putrescent espaliers of vine-props. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. viii. 168 The willow..is much used, its young shoots being employed to tie up the fruit trees to the espaliers. 2. A fruit tree trained on a lattice, usually of woodwork, or on stakes. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard standard1625 wall-tree1653 stander1660 espalier1664 wall-fruit1669 mural1684 waller1688 wall1707 cordon1878 spalliard1888 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 79 in Sylva Plant your fairest Tulips..under Espaliers. 1731 A. Pope Epist. to Earl of Burlington 8 Behold Villario's ten-years Toil compleat, His Quincunx darkens, his Espaliers meet. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 541 Espaliers of European grapes in gardens have long ago been introduced. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Blackbird The espaliers and the standards all Are thine. †3. A row of trees so trained. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame > row of trees trained on spalliard1625 espalier1712 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard > row of fruit-trees trained on lattices espalier1712 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 3 A Fruit-Garden planted..in long Espaliers. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Batardier Fruit-Trees..placed in Espaliers or elsewhere, instead of a dead Tree. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 16 Jan. in Wks. (1955) VII. 255 Espalier hedges..make the ornaments of this place. 1806 Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Friendship (1882) I. 20 One of the espalier apple-trees in the garden is a perfect picture. 1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 102/1 Espalier Trees may be much more easily cleaned of vermin. C2. espalierwise adv. in the form of an espalier. ΚΠ 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Garden Fences The Horse-Chestnut..will bear forming Espalierwise. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). espalierv. Brit. /ᵻˈspalɪə/, /ɛˈspalɪə/, /ᵻˈspalɪeɪ/, /ɛˈspalɪeɪ/, U.S. /əsˈpæljər/, /ɛsˈpæljər/, /əsˈpɑljər/, /ɛsˈpɑljər/, /əsˈpeɪljər/, /ɛsˈpeɪljər/ Etymology: < espalier n. transitive. a. To train as an espalier. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > train rail?1387 trail1398 train?1440 conduct1477 to lay in1802 espalier1810 trellis1818 set1845 1810 Bp. Copleston Repl. to Edinb. Rev. in Mem. (1851) 329 We want not men who are clipped and espaliered into any form which the whim of the gardener may dictate. 1846 in J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in mod. Dicts. b. To furnish or surround with an espalier. ΚΠ 1889 in Cent. Dict. Derivatives eˈspaliered adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [adjective] > trained plashed1602 trained1683 espaliered1856 splashed1886 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 136 Latticed and espaliered cottages. 1865 M. E. Braddon Doctor's Wife iii There were roses and sweet-brier, espaliered apples. eˈspaliering n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > training railinga1398 bushingc1420 training1601 espaliering1882 1882 Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. 4 154 He appears to be engaged in that form of training trees called espaliering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1664v.1810
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