† abowv.

Forms: see a- prefix¹ and bow v.¹

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German erbiegen (German †erbiegen ), Gothic usbiugan , all in sense ‘to bow, to bend’ < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹ ) + the Germanic base of bow v.¹ Compare onbow v. Compare also abey v.¹, and see discussion at that entry.In Old English a strong verb of Class II; in late West Saxon in some forms (e.g. 3rd singular present indicative abyhð , abihð ) difficult to distinguish from forms of abey v.¹

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To bend, incline, bow; (figurative) to do homage or reverence (to), to submit (to).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey

loutc825

abowOE

bowa1000

kneel?a1000

kneec1000

crookc1320

to bow the knee1382

inclinec1390

crouchc1394

croukc1394

coucha1500

plya1500

to make or do courtesy1508

beck1535

to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548

curtsya1556

dopc1557

binge1562

jouk1567

beckon1578

benda1586

humblea1592

vaila1593

to scrape a leg1602

congee1606

to give the stoop1623

leg1628

scrape1645

to drop a curtsy1694

salaam1698

boba1794

dip1818

to make (also perform) a cheese1834

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 186 Þa wæs hwæðre an mægð þe næfre ne abeah to nanum deofulgylde.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 Ealle þa men on Englalande him to abugon & him aðas sworon.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 111 (MED) Inclinauit celos et descendit. Ðe heuene abeh and dun asteh.

?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 25 Þa menn, þa rihte gað [wið] uppaþenedan swyran and ne maȝan abuȝan fora untwumnesse [read untrumnesse; sc. tetanus].

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 3997 Þe noble stude þat al þe world abueþ to.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2070 Wel corteysly þanne aboȝede she.

c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 45 (MED) Ponthus drew to hym his swerd with so grete myght that the swerd abowed in sundre.

c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 130 (MED) Thei schal a-bowe to here desyres.

b. transitive. To bow down to; to pay reverence or homage to.In Old and early Middle English with dative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to

lout971

abowOE

aloutc1390

obeishc1400

curtsy1566

cringe1609

leg1628

salaam1684

wreathe1730

bob1847

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 20 Þurh þa [sc. Fortitudo] sceal seo sawul forbæran earfoðnysse..and næfre þam deofle ne abugan to forwyrde.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 25 (MED) Þanne þu singest þe salm..[þu] abugest gode and cnewlest togenes him.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9410 Al him scal abuȝe þat wuneð inne Bruttene. of him scullen gleomen godliche singen.

c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) 1165 Hee..falles too þe grounde And abowed þe burn on his best wysse.

c. transitive. To cause to bend, to lower; (reflexive) to bow down. See also abey v.¹

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (reflexive)] > bow

abowa1225

humblec1380

bowa1400

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 45 (MED) Sancte paul..abeh him redliche to his lauerdes fet.

a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 198 He þat abowȝeþ hym þoroȝ me, j schal abowȝe hym by fore my fader in heuen [Matt.10:32].

c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 97 Woldist þou god knowe..And to him meekeli þee abowe, Þan schal neuere myscheef in þee falle.

c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 981 (MED) Loke ȝyf he wylle kysse the, Abowe þe to hym sone.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxiii. sig. g5 If the englissh men had not abowed doune hir hedes..vn to the danois they shold haue bene bet.

2. intransitive. To turn in a specified direction; to turn aside or away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > turn round or to face a direction > turn away

abowOE

hieldc1275

to turn awayc1300

to hide one's facea1382

wrenka1400

awherfc1400

avert1483

to turn the backc1540

twine1600

averse1652

OE Beowulf (2008) 775 Þær fram sylle abeag medubenc monig,..þær þa graman wunnon.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 340 Se anræda Iob nolde næfre abugan fram Godes lufe, ne for ehtnysse, ne for untrumnysse, ne for his bærna lyre.

OE Monastic Canticles (Durh. B.iii.32) (1976) viii. 12 Ecce ego declino in vos ut flumen pacis : efne ic abuge on eow swa swa flod sibbe.

lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 104 Se þe him ondrædeð God, he abugð fram ælcen þweoren siðfæte.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5210 Whulc riche mon þer atfleh, in to castle he abeh, & heo him after ferden mid spere.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3390 (MED) Ac Ro[land] þanne til hym [sc. an enemy] abowȝ & fuld him on is armes clos.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abow
释义	† abowv. Forms: see a- prefix¹ and bow v.¹ Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German erbiegen (German †erbiegen ), Gothic usbiugan , all in sense ‘to bow, to bend’ < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹ ) + the Germanic base of bow v.¹ Compare onbow v. Compare also abey v.¹, and see discussion at that entry.In Old English a strong verb of Class II; in late West Saxon in some forms (e.g. 3rd singular present indicative abyhð , abihð ) difficult to distinguish from forms of abey v.¹ Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To bend, incline, bow; (figurative) to do homage or reverence (to), to submit (to). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey loutc825 abowOE bowa1000 kneel?a1000 kneec1000 crookc1320 to bow the knee1382 inclinec1390 crouchc1394 croukc1394 coucha1500 plya1500 to make or do courtesy1508 beck1535 to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548 curtsya1556 dopc1557 binge1562 jouk1567 beckon1578 benda1586 humblea1592 vaila1593 to scrape a leg1602 congee1606 to give the stoop1623 leg1628 scrape1645 to drop a curtsy1694 salaam1698 boba1794 dip1818 to make (also perform) a cheese1834 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 186 Þa wæs hwæðre an mægð þe næfre ne abeah to nanum deofulgylde. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 Ealle þa men on Englalande him to abugon & him aðas sworon. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 111 (MED) Inclinauit celos et descendit. Ðe heuene abeh and dun asteh. ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 25 Þa menn, þa rihte gað [wið] uppaþenedan swyran and ne maȝan abuȝan fora untwumnesse [read untrumnesse; sc. tetanus]. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 3997 Þe noble stude þat al þe world abueþ to. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2070 Wel corteysly þanne aboȝede she. c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 45 (MED) Ponthus drew to hym his swerd with so grete myght that the swerd abowed in sundre. c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 130 (MED) Thei schal a-bowe to here desyres. b. transitive. To bow down to; to pay reverence or homage to.In Old and early Middle English with dative. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to lout971 abowOE aloutc1390 obeishc1400 curtsy1566 cringe1609 leg1628 salaam1684 wreathe1730 bob1847 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 20 Þurh þa [sc. Fortitudo] sceal seo sawul forbæran earfoðnysse..and næfre þam deofle ne abugan to forwyrde. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 25 (MED) Þanne þu singest þe salm..[þu] abugest gode and cnewlest togenes him. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9410 Al him scal abuȝe þat wuneð inne Bruttene. of him scullen gleomen godliche singen. c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) 1165 Hee..falles too þe grounde And abowed þe burn on his best wysse. c. transitive. To cause to bend, to lower; (reflexive) to bow down. See also abey v.¹ ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (reflexive)] > bow abowa1225 humblec1380 bowa1400 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 45 (MED) Sancte paul..abeh him redliche to his lauerdes fet. a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 198 He þat abowȝeþ hym þoroȝ me, j schal abowȝe hym by fore my fader in heuen [Matt.10:32]. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 97 Woldist þou god knowe..And to him meekeli þee abowe, Þan schal neuere myscheef in þee falle. c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 981 (MED) Loke ȝyf he wylle kysse the, Abowe þe to hym sone. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxiii. sig. g5 If the englissh men had not abowed doune hir hedes..vn to the danois they shold haue bene bet. 2. intransitive. To turn in a specified direction; to turn aside or away. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > turn round or to face a direction > turn away abowOE hieldc1275 to turn awayc1300 to hide one's facea1382 wrenka1400 awherfc1400 avert1483 to turn the backc1540 twine1600 averse1652 OE Beowulf (2008) 775 Þær fram sylle abeag medubenc monig,..þær þa graman wunnon. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 340 Se anræda Iob nolde næfre abugan fram Godes lufe, ne for ehtnysse, ne for untrumnysse, ne for his bærna lyre. OE Monastic Canticles (Durh. B.iii.32) (1976) viii. 12 Ecce ego declino in vos ut flumen pacis : efne ic abuge on eow swa swa flod sibbe. lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 104 Se þe him ondrædeð God, he abugð fram ælcen þweoren siðfæte. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5210 Whulc riche mon þer atfleh, in to castle he abeh, & heo him after ferden mid spere. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3390 (MED) Ac Ro[land] þanne til hym [sc. an enemy] abowȝ & fuld him on is armes clos. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.OE
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