essencen.

/ˈɛsəns/

Forms: Also Middle English in medieval Latin form essencia, 1500s assence.

Etymology: < French essence, < Latin essentia, < *essent-em, fictitious present participle of esse to be, in imitation of Greek οὐσία being, < ὀντ-, stem of present participle of εἶναι to be. Compare Provençal essentia, Spanish esencia, Italian essenza.

†1.

a. Being, existence, viewed as a fact or as a property possessed by something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun]

being1340

statec1384

essencion?a1400

existencea1425

essencya1475

existency1548

essentie1552

essence1576

entity1596

existing1616

esse1621

beingness1662

1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 284 Nature hath not given unto men their essence and being, to be..in idlenesse..but..still to bee doinge.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 70^v How canst thou abide his presence that beleeuest not his essence?

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 1 World not Eternall..But of meere Nothing God it Essence gaue.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat iv. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. G/1 I would resigne my Essence that he were As happy as my love could fashion him.

a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) i. i. 2 None of these things have in Nature any Essence of their own.

b. The kind of being distinctive of animals; animal life. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1635 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 35 Of creatures, the lowest ranke have no life, the next no essence, the third no reason; none but man hath grace.

a. concrete. Something that is; an existence, entity. Now restricted to spiritual or immaterial entities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] > entity, being, or thing

thingeOE

warec1200

beinga1393

matterc1450

body1587

essence1587

entity1596

existence1605

existency1628

existent1635

essency1647

exister1700

beënt1865

thang1932

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. iv. 49 Man is an essence subiect to time, place and accidents.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G^v There is no essence mortal, That I can enuie, but a plumpe cheekt foole.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 16 Her honour is an essence that's not seene.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §31 Those noble essences in heaven beare a friendly regard unto their fellow nature on earth.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 138 All this mighty Host In horrible destruction laid thus low, As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences Can Perish.

1745 E. Young Consolation 113 Thro' radiant Ranks of Essences unknown.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 3 Commonwealths are not physical but moral essences.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 72 Fanciful speculations on spiritual essences.

1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 77 All nature widens upward: evermore The simpler essence lower lies.

1836 R. W. Emerson Spirit in Wks. (1906) II. 166 Of that ineffable essence which we call Spirit, he that thinks most will say least.

1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 381 The immortal essence enshrined within.

†b. ‘Species of existent being’ (Johnson); an element. Chiefly in phrase, fifth essence, transl. of Latin quinta essentia: see quintessence n.The ‘fifth essence’ was a supposed substance distinct from the recognized four elements. What this fifth essence was, and where existing, was much disputed. Originally, it seems to have been the material of the starry heaven, as conceived by those who hesitated to identify it with ‘fire’. Among the alchemists, it was usually supposed to be latent in all bodies, and to be capable of being extracted from them by distillation or some more recondite process; many thought that alcohol was one of its forms. Others regarded the discovery of the ‘fifth essence’ as one of the unrealized aims of science, and attributed to the hypothetical substance all sorts of miracle-working properties. Hence fifth essence or quintessence was used loosely in the various senses ‘highly refined extract or essence’ and ‘universal remedy’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > quintessence

quintessence1579

essence1582

fifth-essence1584

elixir1638

distillation1650

sublimate1657

alcohol1830

quintessential1899

1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes iii. liv The Quintaessence..is an essence aboue the fower elements.

a1626 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Wks. (1861) VII. 17 Here be four of you, as differing as the four elements..as for Eupolis..he may be the fifth essence.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 20 An Universal Medicine, or fifth Essence.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 8 Ye, who do compass earth about, and dwell In subtler essence.

1837 W. Whewell tr. Aristotle in Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 54 There is some essence of body different from those of the four elements.

c. ‘Constituent substance’ (Johnson).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [noun] > substantiality or subsistence > substance or being

being1340

substance1340

essencea1398

materialitya1529

stuff1587

subject1590

timber1612

primary substance1774

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. ii. 61 Þe essencia of hem [sc. angels] is simple and vnmaterial, pure, distingt, and discrete.

1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 10 The Elements conspire, And to her [soul's] Essence each doth giue a part.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 425 Spirits..Can either Sex assume, or both; so soft And uncompounded is their Essence pure.

1838 R. Southey Thalaba (ed. 4) iii. i, in Poet. Wks. IV. 84 Those Beings Through whose pure essence [1801 substance] as through empty air The unaided eye would pass.

†3.

a. Specific being, manner of existing, ‘what a thing is’; nature, character. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > essentialness

essence?1533

essentialness1640

essentiality1646

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Div Thre thynges dothe cause the essence of whythnesse.

1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. C^v The God Apollo, who by his deuine essence knew al secrets.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 123 Man..Most ignorant of what he's most assur'd, (His glassie Essence)..Plaies such phantastique tricks, before high heauen.

1620 J. Melton Astrologaster 37 By the fourth House, you will iudge of the essence of the Child that is borne, how long it shall liue, and how well.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §287 Eccho..is a great Argument of the Spirituall Essence of Sounds.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 184 The numerous Rabble that seem to have the Signatures of Man in their faces..have nothing of the nobler part that should denominate their Essences.

†b. by essence in Pathology: idiopathically: cf. essential adj. 1d. Opposed to by sympathy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adverb] > by internal cause

by essence1656

autogenetically1874

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 74 The part that principally offends must be cured. If it be by essence, opening a Vein is good.

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 185 It [head-ach] is either by essence or by sympathy with the stomach, etc.

a. ‘Substance’ in the metaphysical sense; the reality underlying phenomena; absolute being.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > the reality as opposed to what is apparent

bodyc1384

truth1531

substance1533

person1548

effect1592

hypostasis1605

reality1620

reala1637

essence1646

hypostase1867

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. x. 38 The substraction of that essence, which substantially supporteth them.

1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 188 But belief in a universal essence gave no solidity to the order of the world.

b. Theology. A synonym of ‘substance’, as denoting that in respect of which the three persons in the Trinity are one.The Latin essentia literally renders Greek οὐσία, the technical word in this sense. The alternative rendering, substantia, substance, corresponds literally to Greek ὑπόστασις, which however in theological use meant not ‘substance’ but ‘person’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > substance of

substancec1330

essence1481

ousia1861

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xii. 160 [Plato and Aristotle] fonde by their wysedom and connyng thre persones in one essence.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiij^v/1 Thise thre persones be not thre goddes. but one very god euerlastynge. one essence [a1398 BL Add. essensia] or one beynge.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature i. sig. Aij^v All one with the sonne, & holy ghost in essence.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iv. 6146 in Wks. (1931) I Augustyne sayis, he had leuer tak on hand To be in Hell, he seyng the assence Off God, nor be in Heuin, but his presence.

5. That by which anything subsists; foundation of being.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [noun] > substantiality or subsistence > that by which anything subsists

substancec1440

essencec1585

c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 35 Christ being the essence and life of the Church.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 182 Shee [sc. Siluia] is my essence, and I leaue to be; If I be not by her faire influence Foster'd.

1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) iii. 25 There is a tranquil strength the essence of which is immobility.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §6. 20 Of Him who was The Truth—its author and its essence.

1884 H. Jennings Phallicism iv. 41 The Hindoos holding Fire to be the essence of all active power in nature.

†6. Essentiality, importance. Cf. Old French de grant essence (Godefroy).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [noun]

needOE

needfulnessa1400

necess?a1525

necessariness1552

requisiteness1566

necessitya1572

essence1605

essentialness1640

essentiality1646

necessitation1648

requirement1659

need-be1728

indispensability1793

indispensableness1833

indispensibleness1860

egence1865

requiredness1935

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp2 A matter of great vse and essence in studying.

1652 J. Shirley Brothers iv. 46 in Six New Playes (1653) Ther's something Of Essence to my life, exacts my care.

7. That which constitutes the being of a thing; that ‘by which it is what it is’. In two different applications (distinguished by Locke as nominal essence and real essence respectively):

a. of a conceptual entity: The totality of the properties, constituent elements, etc., without which it would cease to be the same thing; the indispensable and necessary attributes of a thing as opposed to those which it may have or not. Also, in narrower sense, those among the indispensable attributes which involve all the rest by logical consequence, and are sufficient for a valid definition; the ‘connotation of the class-name’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > of a concept

essence1593

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. i. 126 Those thinges, which supernaturally appertaine to the very essence of Christianitie.

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 20 [It] will proue but an appendance of an externall forme, no part of the essence of a true Church.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxx. 182 The essence of a Triangle, lies in a very little compass..three Lines meeting at three Angles, make up that Essence.

1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 6 We may exactly know the several Ideas that go to make each Law-term, and so their real Nature and Essence may be known.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §39. 140 To confound the transitory and special form with the characteristic and permanent essence.

1870 F. C. Bowen Logic iv. 74 Logic considers the Essence of a Concept to be the aggregate of its Marks.

b. of a real entity: Objective character, intrinsic nature as a ‘thing-in-itself’; ‘that internal constitution, on which all the sensible properties depend’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun]

pitheOE

i-cundeeOE

roota1325

substancec1330

juicec1380

marrowa1382

formc1385

acta1398

quidditya1398

substantial forma1398

inward1398

savourc1400

inwardc1450

allaya1456

essencya1475

being1521

bottom1531

spirit?1534

summary1548

ecceity1549

core1556

flower1568

formality1570

sum and substance1572

alloy1594

soul1598

inwardness1605

quid1606

fibre1607

selfness1611

whatness1611

essentialityc1616

propera1626

the whole shot1628

substantiala1631

esse1642

entity1643

virtuality1646

ingeny1647

quoddity1647

intimacy1648

ens1649

inbeing1661

essence1667

interiority1701

intrinsic1716

stamen1758

character1761

quidditas1782

hyparxis1792

rasa1800

bone1829

what1861

isness1865

inscape1868

as-suchness1909

Wesen1959

1667 H. More Divine Dialogues i. xxiv. 93 I might believe its [a spirit's] Existence, without meddling at all with its Essence.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §2 In defining the Name there is no Necessity that we should be acquainted with the intimate Essence or Nature of the Thing.

1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. Introd. 7 The essence of the mind being equally unknown to us with that of external bodies.

1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit ix. 104 In fact, we have no proper idea of any essence whatever.

1808 J. Webster Elem. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 16 We clearly view the effects of attraction..but human ingenuity has not been able to fathom its principle or essence.

1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) ix. xi. 251 With the old philosophers the essence of things was precisely that part of them of which a clear conception could be formed.

8. loosely. The most important indispensable quality or constituent element of anything; the specific difference. of the essence (of): indispensable (to). (Cf. French de l'essence de.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > essence or essential constituent

substancec1480

basea1550

marrowbone1554

ground1580

subsistence1581

basis1601

essence1656

body1664

hardpan1842

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [adjective]

needfulOE

necessaryc1376

needfulc1390

necessairea1393

needfula1402

necessariousc1410

requisite1442

unlackablec1443

unsparablec1449

necessc1475

requise1477

needy1487

exigentc1508

of necessityc1515

essential1526

insacrificablea1603

peremptory1607

unspared1614

sine qua non1615

real1620

necessitous1637

needsomec1650

undispensable1658

vital1659

wanting1671

implemental1676

sine quo non1693

indispensable1696

indispensible1792

vital1822

unmissable1823

of the essence (of)1843

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. viii. 85 The Accident which denominates its Subject, is commonly called the essence thereof.

1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 27 The essence of religion is, a heart void of offence towards God and man.

1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 219 The essence of friendship is entireness.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. vii. §5. i. 172 It is said that genus and species must be of the essence of the thing.

1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 66 §25 (7) Stipulations..as to time or otherwise, which would not before the passing of this Act have been deemed to be or to have become of the essence of such contracts in a Court of Equity.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 452 It is the essence of the modern Jury that they should..give their verdict according to the evidence.

1931 Morning Post 21 Aug. 8/2 While time is of the essence of the contract to retrieve the situation, discussion still proceeds.

1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas iii. 37 It seemed to me that pomposity was of the essence... You can't tick a bloke off properly unless you come over a bit mid-Victorian.

1958 Listener 30 Oct. 677/2 The only way for the workers to defend themselves in such a case is by immediate action. Time is of the essence.

a. An extract obtained by distillation or otherwise from a plant, or from a medicinal, odoriferous or alimentary substance, and containing its characteristic properties in a concentrated form. In pharmacy chiefly applied to alcoholic solutions containing the volatile elements or ‘essential oil’ to which the perfume, flavour, or therapeutic virtues of the substance are due. essence of Venus = ens Veneris: see ens n. 2b.[This sense is common to all the Romanic languages, its general currency being probably due to its use by Paracelsus. It is in part a development of 8, perhaps suggested by the older fifth essence (see 2b), which had assumed a nearly similar meaning.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > essence or extract obtained by

draught1576

alcohol1590

essence1660

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxv. 195 Very small Viols, such as Chymical Essences..are wont to be kept in.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 177 The true preparation of the Essence of Venus.

1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 24 Bees..with inserted Tube, Suck it's pure Essence.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 459 It comes to us from the South of Europe under the name of essence of lemons.

1842 R. H. Barham Babes in Wood in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 188 Mind Johnny's chilblains are rubb'd Well with Whitehead's best essence of mustard.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 252 The essence of history..is always apt to evaporate in the moment of enjoyment.

1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III lxxviii. 44 His love was passion's essence.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. vi. 151 It was a perfect love-letter, that is to say, it was the essence of nonsense.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §14. 53 Truth cannot be given us in essence.

c. Name of a variety of Tokay wine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > wines of other regions > [noun] > Eastern Europe

Tokay wine1710

essence1773

Cotnar1833

Carlowitz1858

Vöslauer1920

bull's blood1926

Saperavi1926

Zilavka1926

Mukuzani1948

Lutomer1954

tiger's milk1959

Tiger Milk1961

Tsinandali1961

1773 Douglass in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 295 There are four sorts of wine made from the same grapes, which they distinguish at Tokay by the name of Essence, Auspruch, Masslasch, and the common wine.

1862 C. Tovey Wine & Wine Countries v. 208 Until recently, the only wine known in England as the produce of Hungary, was the Imperial Tokay, or Tokay essence.

1872 J. L. W. Thudichum & A. Dupré Treat. Orig. Wine xix. 629 Tokay.—1. Essence: very sweet.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 728/1 The most precious variety of Tokay is the so-called essence.

10. spec. A fragrant essence; a perfume, scent. Somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume

pimentc1300

odoramentc1384

savouringc1384

odoura1425

aromatica1513

smella1533

fume1541

perfume1542

sweet-water?1543

scent1596

pomander1600

sweets1603

bisse1608

sweet-ball1617

plash1649

suffition1656

essence1661

odoratea1682

otto1822

aroma1830

nosegay1855

foo-foo1880

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 320 It sinks as essence does in cotton till all becomes a Fragrancy.

1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 To save the Powder from too rude a Gale, Nor let th' imprison'd Essences exhale.

1841 G. P. R. James Brigand xv A toilet table covered with all the most costly essences and perfumes which could be procured from the four quarters of the globe.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xiii. i, in Maud & Other Poems 44 His essences turn'd the live air sick.

figurative.1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 155 Delicious essence! how refreshing art thou [sc. flattery] to nature!

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations (chiefly sense 10).

ΚΠ

1659 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. xxv, in Wks. (1772) I. 59 We prosecuted the experiment so long, without seeing any effect wrought upon the essence-bottles, that, etc.

1659 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. xxv, in Wks. (1772) I. 59 Essence-glass.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough iii. i Thou essence-bottle, thou musk-cat!

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Aug. 3/2 The essence-steeped fur of a glove.

C2.

essence-peddler n. U.S. (a) a pedlar of medicines; (b) transferred a skunk.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun]

spicer1297

apothecary1366

ointment makera1382

pothecaryc1387

pigmentarya1398

pottingar1474

pottingary1487

pothecar?a1505

ypothecar1509

potycaryar1533

pharmacopole?1541

drugger1594

confectioner1606

druggist1608

drugster1611

pharmacopoeian1618

druggister1632

druggard1637

chemica1642

pharmacopolist1651

pharmacopolitan1657

pharmacian1658

spicerer1665

pot-carrier1683

pharmacist1721

knight of the pestle1723

materialist1728

chemist and druggist1748

potter-carrier1764

drug man1769

gallipot1785

drug manufacturer1790

pharmaceutist1795

drug dealer1800

chemist1802

pharmaceutical chemist1821

essence-peddler1838

pill roller1843

pill-peddler1855

squirt1859

pill pusher1879

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mephitis (skunk)

polecat1605

skunk1634

huffer1729

skunk weasel1771

mouffette1774

stinking polecat1791

mephitic weasel1827

essence-peddler1838

zorrino1885

skunklet1888

wood-pussy1899

1838 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 27 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 80 He was not exclusively an essence-pedler.

1849 J. R. Lowell Let. 9 Mar. (1894) I. 170 A skunk was shot in our back-kitchen this morning. There were two of these ‘essence-peddlers’, as the Yankees call them, gambolling there the night before.

1860 Knickerbocker Apr. 361 It is a vulgar mistake that the porcupine has the faculty of darting his quills to a distance, as the essence-peddler has of scattering his aromatic wares.

1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. 77 With means about 'em (Like essence-peddlers) thet'll make folks long to be without 'em.

1890 E. B. Custer Following Guidon xiv. 200 As soon as that essence-peddler saw fit to move on, the major-general commanding would issue his order to march.

1944 E. A. Holton Yankees were like This 179 Who later established some of the best known shops in the county; the tin peddler; the essence peddler.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	essence
释义	essencen. /ˈɛsəns/ Forms: Also Middle English in medieval Latin form essencia, 1500s assence. Etymology: < French essence, < Latin essentia, < essent-em, fictitious present participle of esse* to be, in imitation of Greek οὐσία being, < ὀντ-, stem of present participle of εἶναι to be. Compare Provençal essentia, Spanish esencia, Italian essenza. †1. a. Being, existence, viewed as a fact or as a property possessed by something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] being1340 statec1384 essencion?a1400 existencea1425 essencya1475 existency1548 essentie1552 essence1576 entity1596 existing1616 esse1621 beingness1662 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 284 Nature hath not given unto men their essence and being, to be..in idlenesse..but..still to bee doinge. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 70^v How canst thou abide his presence that beleeuest not his essence? 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 1 World not Eternall..But of meere Nothing God it Essence gaue. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat iv. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. G/1 I would resigne my Essence that he were As happy as my love could fashion him. a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) i. i. 2 None of these things have in Nature any Essence of their own. b. The kind of being distinctive of animals; animal life. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1635 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 35 Of creatures, the lowest ranke have no life, the next no essence, the third no reason; none but man hath grace. 2. a. concrete. Something that is; an existence, entity. Now restricted to spiritual or immaterial entities. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] > entity, being, or thing thingeOE warec1200 beinga1393 matterc1450 body1587 essence1587 entity1596 existence1605 existency1628 existent1635 essency1647 exister1700 beënt1865 thang1932 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. iv. 49 Man is an essence subiect to time, place and accidents. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G^v There is no essence mortal, That I can enuie, but a plumpe cheekt foole. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 16 Her honour is an essence that's not seene. View more context for this quotation 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §31 Those noble essences in heaven beare a friendly regard unto their fellow nature on earth. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 138 All this mighty Host In horrible destruction laid thus low, As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences Can Perish. View more context for this quotation 1745 E. Young Consolation 113 Thro' radiant Ranks of Essences unknown. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 3 Commonwealths are not physical but moral essences. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 72 Fanciful speculations on spiritual essences. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 77 All nature widens upward: evermore The simpler essence lower lies. 1836 R. W. Emerson Spirit in Wks. (1906) II. 166 Of that ineffable essence which we call Spirit, he that thinks most will say least. 1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 381 The immortal essence enshrined within. †b. ‘Species of existent being’ (Johnson); an element. Chiefly in phrase, fifth essence, transl. of Latin quinta essentia: see quintessence n.The ‘fifth essence’ was a supposed substance distinct from the recognized four elements. What this fifth essence was, and where existing, was much disputed. Originally, it seems to have been the material of the starry heaven, as conceived by those who hesitated to identify it with ‘fire’. Among the alchemists, it was usually supposed to be latent in all bodies, and to be capable of being extracted from them by distillation or some more recondite process; many thought that alcohol was one of its forms. Others regarded the discovery of the ‘fifth essence’ as one of the unrealized aims of science, and attributed to the hypothetical substance all sorts of miracle-working properties. Hence fifth essence or quintessence was used loosely in the various senses ‘highly refined extract or essence’ and ‘universal remedy’. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > quintessence quintessence1579 essence1582 fifth-essence1584 elixir1638 distillation1650 sublimate1657 alcohol1830 quintessential1899 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes iii. liv The Quintaessence..is an essence aboue the fower elements. a1626 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Wks. (1861) VII. 17 Here be four of you, as differing as the four elements..as for Eupolis..he may be the fifth essence. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 20 An Universal Medicine, or fifth Essence. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 8 Ye, who do compass earth about, and dwell In subtler essence. 1837 W. Whewell tr. Aristotle in Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 54 There is some essence of body different from those of the four elements. c. ‘Constituent substance’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [noun] > substantiality or subsistence > substance or being being1340 substance1340 essencea1398 materialitya1529 stuff1587 subject1590 timber1612 primary substance1774 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. ii. 61 Þe essencia of hem [sc. angels] is simple and vnmaterial, pure, distingt, and discrete. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 10 The Elements conspire, And to her [soul's] Essence each doth giue a part. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 425 Spirits..Can either Sex assume, or both; so soft And uncompounded is their Essence pure. View more context for this quotation 1838 R. Southey Thalaba (ed. 4) iii. i, in Poet. Wks. IV. 84 Those Beings Through whose pure essence [1801 substance] as through empty air The unaided eye would pass. †3. a. Specific being, manner of existing, ‘what a thing is’; nature, character. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > essentialness essence?1533 essentialness1640 essentiality1646 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Div Thre thynges dothe cause the essence of whythnesse. 1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. C^v The God Apollo, who by his deuine essence knew al secrets. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 123 Man..Most ignorant of what he's most assur'd, (His glassie Essence)..Plaies such phantastique tricks, before high heauen. View more context for this quotation 1620 J. Melton Astrologaster 37 By the fourth House, you will iudge of the essence of the Child that is borne, how long it shall liue, and how well. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §287 Eccho..is a great Argument of the Spirituall Essence of Sounds. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 184 The numerous Rabble that seem to have the Signatures of Man in their faces..have nothing of the nobler part that should denominate their Essences. †b. by essence in Pathology: idiopathically: cf. essential adj. 1d. Opposed to by sympathy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adverb] > by internal cause by essence1656 autogenetically1874 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 74 The part that principally offends must be cured. If it be by essence, opening a Vein is good. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 185 It [head-ach] is either by essence or by sympathy with the stomach, etc. 4. a. ‘Substance’ in the metaphysical sense; the reality underlying phenomena; absolute being. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > the reality as opposed to what is apparent bodyc1384 truth1531 substance1533 person1548 effect1592 hypostasis1605 reality1620 reala1637 essence1646 hypostase1867 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. x. 38 The substraction of that essence, which substantially supporteth them. View more context for this quotation 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 188 But belief in a universal essence gave no solidity to the order of the world. b. Theology. A synonym of ‘substance’, as denoting that in respect of which the three persons in the Trinity are one.The Latin essentia literally renders Greek οὐσία, the technical word in this sense. The alternative rendering, substantia, substance, corresponds literally to Greek ὑπόστασις, which however in theological use meant not ‘substance’ but ‘person’. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > substance of substancec1330 essence1481 ousia1861 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xii. 160 [Plato and Aristotle] fonde by their wysedom and connyng thre persones in one essence. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiij^v/1 Thise thre persones be not thre goddes. but one very god euerlastynge. one essence [a1398 BL Add. essensia] or one beynge. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature i. sig. Aij^v All one with the sonne, & holy ghost in essence. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iv. 6146 in Wks. (1931) I Augustyne sayis, he had leuer tak on hand To be in Hell, he seyng the assence Off God, nor be in Heuin, but his presence. 5. That by which anything subsists; foundation of being. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [noun] > substantiality or subsistence > that by which anything subsists substancec1440 essencec1585 c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 35 Christ being the essence and life of the Church. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 182 Shee [sc. Siluia] is my essence, and I leaue to be; If I be not by her faire influence Foster'd. View more context for this quotation 1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) iii. 25 There is a tranquil strength the essence of which is immobility. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §6. 20 Of Him who was The Truth—its author and its essence. 1884 H. Jennings Phallicism iv. 41 The Hindoos holding Fire to be the essence of all active power in nature. †6. Essentiality, importance. Cf. Old French de grant essence (Godefroy). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [noun] needOE needfulnessa1400 necess?a1525 necessariness1552 requisiteness1566 necessitya1572 essence1605 essentialness1640 essentiality1646 necessitation1648 requirement1659 need-be1728 indispensability1793 indispensableness1833 indispensibleness1860 egence1865 requiredness1935 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp2 A matter of great vse and essence in studying. View more context for this quotation 1652 J. Shirley Brothers iv. 46 in Six New Playes (1653) Ther's something Of Essence to my life, exacts my care. 7. That which constitutes the being of a thing; that ‘by which it is what it is’. In two different applications (distinguished by Locke as nominal essence and real essence respectively): a. of a conceptual entity: The totality of the properties, constituent elements, etc., without which it would cease to be the same thing; the indispensable and necessary attributes of a thing as opposed to those which it may have or not. Also, in narrower sense, those among the indispensable attributes which involve all the rest by logical consequence, and are sufficient for a valid definition; the ‘connotation of the class-name’. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > of a concept essence1593 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. i. 126 Those thinges, which supernaturally appertaine to the very essence of Christianitie. 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 20 [It] will proue but an appendance of an externall forme, no part of the essence of a true Church. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxx. 182 The essence of a Triangle, lies in a very little compass..three Lines meeting at three Angles, make up that Essence. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 6 We may exactly know the several Ideas that go to make each Law-term, and so their real Nature and Essence may be known. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §39. 140 To confound the transitory and special form with the characteristic and permanent essence. 1870 F. C. Bowen Logic iv. 74 Logic considers the Essence of a Concept to be the aggregate of its Marks. b. of a real entity: Objective character, intrinsic nature as a ‘thing-in-itself’; ‘that internal constitution, on which all the sensible properties depend’. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] pitheOE i-cundeeOE roota1325 substancec1330 juicec1380 marrowa1382 formc1385 acta1398 quidditya1398 substantial forma1398 inward1398 savourc1400 inwardc1450 allaya1456 essencya1475 being1521 bottom1531 spirit?1534 summary1548 ecceity1549 core1556 flower1568 formality1570 sum and substance1572 alloy1594 soul1598 inwardness1605 quid1606 fibre1607 selfness1611 whatness1611 essentialityc1616 propera1626 the whole shot1628 substantiala1631 esse1642 entity1643 virtuality1646 ingeny1647 quoddity1647 intimacy1648 ens1649 inbeing1661 essence1667 interiority1701 intrinsic1716 stamen1758 character1761 quidditas1782 hyparxis1792 rasa1800 bone1829 what1861 isness1865 inscape1868 as-suchness1909 Wesen1959 1667 H. More Divine Dialogues i. xxiv. 93 I might believe its [a spirit's] Existence, without meddling at all with its Essence. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §2 In defining the Name there is no Necessity that we should be acquainted with the intimate Essence or Nature of the Thing. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. Introd. 7 The essence of the mind being equally unknown to us with that of external bodies. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit ix. 104 In fact, we have no proper idea of any essence whatever. 1808 J. Webster Elem. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 16 We clearly view the effects of attraction..but human ingenuity has not been able to fathom its principle or essence. 1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) ix. xi. 251 With the old philosophers the essence of things was precisely that part of them of which a clear conception could be formed. 8. loosely. The most important indispensable quality or constituent element of anything; the specific difference. of the essence (of): indispensable (to). (Cf. French de l'essence de.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > essence or essential constituent substancec1480 basea1550 marrowbone1554 ground1580 subsistence1581 basis1601 essence1656 body1664 hardpan1842 the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [adjective] needfulOE necessaryc1376 needfulc1390 necessairea1393 needfula1402 necessariousc1410 requisite1442 unlackablec1443 unsparablec1449 necessc1475 requise1477 needy1487 exigentc1508 of necessityc1515 essential1526 insacrificablea1603 peremptory1607 unspared1614 sine qua non1615 real1620 necessitous1637 needsomec1650 undispensable1658 vital1659 wanting1671 implemental1676 sine quo non1693 indispensable1696 indispensible1792 vital1822 unmissable1823 of the essence (of)1843 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. viii. 85 The Accident which denominates its Subject, is commonly called the essence thereof. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 27 The essence of religion is, a heart void of offence towards God and man. 1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 219 The essence of friendship is entireness. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. vii. §5. i. 172 It is said that genus and species must be of the essence of the thing. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 66 §25 (7) Stipulations..as to time or otherwise, which would not before the passing of this Act have been deemed to be or to have become of the essence of such contracts in a Court of Equity. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 452 It is the essence of the modern Jury that they should..give their verdict according to the evidence. 1931 Morning Post 21 Aug. 8/2 While time is of the essence of the contract to retrieve the situation, discussion still proceeds. 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas iii. 37 It seemed to me that pomposity was of the essence... You can't tick a bloke off properly unless you come over a bit mid-Victorian. 1958 Listener 30 Oct. 677/2 The only way for the workers to defend themselves in such a case is by immediate action. Time is of the essence. 9. a. An extract obtained by distillation or otherwise from a plant, or from a medicinal, odoriferous or alimentary substance, and containing its characteristic properties in a concentrated form. In pharmacy chiefly applied to alcoholic solutions containing the volatile elements or ‘essential oil’ to which the perfume, flavour, or therapeutic virtues of the substance are due. essence of Venus = ens Veneris: see ens n. 2b.[This sense is common to all the Romanic languages, its general currency being probably due to its use by Paracelsus. It is in part a development of 8, perhaps suggested by the older fifth essence (see 2b), which had assumed a nearly similar meaning.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > essence or extract obtained by draught1576 alcohol1590 essence1660 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxv. 195 Very small Viols, such as Chymical Essences..are wont to be kept in. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 177 The true preparation of the Essence of Venus. 1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 24 Bees..with inserted Tube, Suck it's pure Essence. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 459 It comes to us from the South of Europe under the name of essence of lemons. 1842 R. H. Barham Babes in Wood in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 188 Mind Johnny's chilblains are rubb'd Well with Whitehead's best essence of mustard. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 252 The essence of history..is always apt to evaporate in the moment of enjoyment. 1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III lxxviii. 44 His love was passion's essence. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. vi. 151 It was a perfect love-letter, that is to say, it was the essence of nonsense. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §14. 53 Truth cannot be given us in essence. c. Name of a variety of Tokay wine. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > wines of other regions > [noun] > Eastern Europe Tokay wine1710 essence1773 Cotnar1833 Carlowitz1858 Vöslauer1920 bull's blood1926 Saperavi1926 Zilavka1926 Mukuzani1948 Lutomer1954 tiger's milk1959 Tiger Milk1961 Tsinandali1961 1773 Douglass in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 295 There are four sorts of wine made from the same grapes, which they distinguish at Tokay by the name of Essence, Auspruch, Masslasch, and the common wine. 1862 C. Tovey Wine & Wine Countries v. 208 Until recently, the only wine known in England as the produce of Hungary, was the Imperial Tokay, or Tokay essence. 1872 J. L. W. Thudichum & A. Dupré Treat. Orig. Wine xix. 629 Tokay.—1. Essence: very sweet. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 728/1 The most precious variety of Tokay is the so-called essence. 10. spec. A fragrant essence; a perfume, scent. Somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume pimentc1300 odoramentc1384 savouringc1384 odoura1425 aromatica1513 smella1533 fume1541 perfume1542 sweet-water?1543 scent1596 pomander1600 sweets1603 bisse1608 sweet-ball1617 plash1649 suffition1656 essence1661 odoratea1682 otto1822 aroma1830 nosegay1855 foo-foo1880 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 320 It sinks as essence does in cotton till all becomes a Fragrancy. 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 To save the Powder from too rude a Gale, Nor let th' imprison'd Essences exhale. 1841 G. P. R. James Brigand xv A toilet table covered with all the most costly essences and perfumes which could be procured from the four quarters of the globe. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xiii. i, in Maud & Other Poems 44 His essences turn'd the live air sick. figurative.1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 155 Delicious essence! how refreshing art thou [sc. flattery] to nature! Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations (chiefly sense 10). ΚΠ 1659 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. xxv, in Wks. (1772) I. 59 We prosecuted the experiment so long, without seeing any effect wrought upon the essence-bottles, that, etc. 1659 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. xxv, in Wks. (1772) I. 59 Essence-glass. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough iii. i Thou essence-bottle, thou musk-cat! 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Aug. 3/2 The essence-steeped fur of a glove. C2. essence-peddler n. U.S. (a) a pedlar of medicines; (b) transferred a skunk. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun] spicer1297 apothecary1366 ointment makera1382 pothecaryc1387 pigmentarya1398 pottingar1474 pottingary1487 pothecar?a1505 ypothecar1509 potycaryar1533 pharmacopole?1541 drugger1594 confectioner1606 druggist1608 drugster1611 pharmacopoeian1618 druggister1632 druggard1637 chemica1642 pharmacopolist1651 pharmacopolitan1657 pharmacian1658 spicerer1665 pot-carrier1683 pharmacist1721 knight of the pestle1723 materialist1728 chemist and druggist1748 potter-carrier1764 drug man1769 gallipot1785 drug manufacturer1790 pharmaceutist1795 drug dealer1800 chemist1802 pharmaceutical chemist1821 essence-peddler1838 pill roller1843 pill-peddler1855 squirt1859 pill pusher1879 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mephitis (skunk) polecat1605 skunk1634 huffer1729 skunk weasel1771 mouffette1774 stinking polecat1791 mephitic weasel1827 essence-peddler1838 zorrino1885 skunklet1888 wood-pussy1899 1838 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 27 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 80 He was not exclusively an essence-pedler. 1849 J. R. Lowell Let. 9 Mar. (1894) I. 170 A skunk was shot in our back-kitchen this morning. There were two of these ‘essence-peddlers’, as the Yankees call them, gambolling there the night before. 1860 Knickerbocker Apr. 361 It is a vulgar mistake that the porcupine has the faculty of darting his quills to a distance, as the essence-peddler has of scattering his aromatic wares. 1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. 77 With means about 'em (Like essence-peddlers) thet'll make folks long to be without 'em. 1890 E. B. Custer Following Guidon xiv. 200 As soon as that essence-peddler saw fit to move on, the major-general commanding would issue his order to march. 1944 E. A. Holton Yankees were like This 179 Who later established some of the best known shops in the county; the tin peddler; the essence peddler. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). essencev. /ˈɛsəns/ Etymology: < essence n. transitive. a. To pour like an essence (in quot. figurative). ΚΠ 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes i. v. 22 Love essenc'd in the hearts of men. b. To furnish or perfume with an essence. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] embalm1447 aromatize1480 fumea1483 incense?1504 fumigate1530 perfume1539 suffume1540 scent1567 aromatizate1576 sweetena1586 suffumigate1599 frot1608 inodorate1623 suffite1657 essencificate1658 essence1675 essencify1707 balmify1733 odoriferize1824 fragrance1854 reperfume1885 smeech1897 1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife Epil. 103 You Essens't Boyes, both Old and Young, Who wou'd be thought so eager, brisk, and strong. 1733 A. Pope Impertinent 14 [Ladies] Painted for sight, and essenc'd for the smell. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 227 A girl, all essenced o'er With odours. 1823 W. M. Praed Troubadour in Poems There were brooks of essenced waters. c. To compress the essence of (a book) into.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] abrevya1325 comprehendc1369 abridgec1384 shorta1390 suma1398 abbreviate?a1475 shorten1530 to cut short?1542 curtail1553 to knit up1553 to wind up1583 clip1598 epitomize1599 brief1601 contract1604 to shut up1622 decurt1631 to sum up1642 breviate1663 curtilate1665 compendize1693 epitomate1702 to gather up1782 summarize1808 scissor1829 précis1856 to cut down1857 to boil down1880 synopsize1882 essence1888 résumé1888 short copy1891 bovrilize1900 pot1927 summate1951 capsulize1958 profile1970 1888 Punch 1 Dec. 257/2 Diamonds Led is a three~volume novel essenced into five pages. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < n.a1398v.1635
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essencen.

Compounds

essencev.