单词 | estimation |
释义 | estimationn. The action of estimating or esteeming. a. The action of appraising, assessing, or valuing; statement of price or value; valuation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value taxationc1325 estimation1382 appraising1430 valuing1434 stentc1460 appreciationc1475 prizement1481 sessinga1500 value1523 valuation1529 esteemc1547 estimate1565 appraisement1583 apprizement1605 pricea1616 appraisal1698 apprizing1754 evaluation1755 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 5 If eny man harme feeld..what euer best thing he hath in his feeld..he shal restore for estymacioun of the harm [L. pro damni æstimatione; a1425 the valu of harm]. 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. ix. 62 The prys of myn Appel is of suche valewe that it passeth the estymacion of ony creature. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xiii. 13 They had syluer for theyr horses..at theyre owne estymation, without any grudgyng. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings viii. 5 They immolated sheepe and oxen without estimation and number. 1667 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. ii. 158 Silver and gold have been chosen to be the Instruments of Exchange and Estimation of all Things. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 225 In the houshold book of Henry..there are two different estimations of wheat. View more context for this quotation 1792 A. Young Trav. France 499 The Bureau de la Balance du Commerce at Paris..is beyond all comparison more accurate in its estimations [than the English Custom-house.] ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > estimated value valuation1535 estimation1551 prisage1611 appraised value1667 appraisement1703 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Rv They be wrought so fynely and connyngly..that the estimacion of no costelye stuffe is able to counteruaile the price of the worke. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 89 Your Ring may be stolne too, so your brace of vnprizeable Estimations, the one is but fraile, and the other Casuall. View more context for this quotation 1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 245 The earth in the bowels of it hath many metalls, both of different natures and estimations. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 41 For some thing, in their opinion, of more estimation. 2. a. Appreciation, valuation in respect of excellence or merit; esteem considered as a sentiment. Phrase, to have (also hold) in estimation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE weenc1000 praisec1250 setc1374 set by1393 endaunt1399 prizec1400 reverencec1400 tender1439 repute1445 to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457 to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475 pricec1480 to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483 force1509 to look upon ——c1515 to have (also hold) in estimationc1522 to make reckoning of1525 esteem1530 regard1533 to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540 value1549 to make dainty of (anything)1555 reckon1576 to be struck on1602 agrade1611 respect1613 beteem1627 appreciate1648 to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665 to think small beer of1816 to think the world of1826 existimate1847 reckon1919 rate1973 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] weenc888 rightnessOE steemc1330 sight1362 witc1374 emprisea1393 reputation?c1400 apprizingc1449 nick?a1450 vail1471 countc1475 opinionc1480 estimationc1522 meting1548 reckoning1548 valuation1548 computation1558 account1583 cess1588 esteem1598 appreciation1605 resentiment1606 repute1610 ratea1616 assessmenta1626 estimate1637 vote1639 supputation1643 compute1646 value1651 resentment1655 contemplation1673 critique1798 appraisement1808 appraisal1817 viewa1854 sizing up1967 chit1989 c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 82 As rising of an hie estimacion of our self. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 34 If he desyre that his writynges shulde be had in any estymacion. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 268 So farre from having monie in estimation..I have cast it away from me. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 17 He holds it a kind of Self-Preservation to maintain a good Estimation of himself. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 456. ⁋5 Mens Estimation follows us according to the Company we keep. 1787 Canning in Microcosm No. 18 Wishing to know in what estimation he was held by man~kind. 1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening i. 1 It is..the design of the present section, to shew the degree of estimation that the art of Gardening is worthy of. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxvii. 273 Mr. Dombey is so generous in his estimation of any trivial accomplishment. 1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxi. 156 The Provincial Press of Great Britain never stood higher in public estimation than it stands to-day. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun] nameeOE talec1175 fame?c1225 lose1297 creancec1330 stevenc1374 opinionc1384 credencec1390 recorda1393 renowna1400 reputationc1400 reportc1425 regardc1440 esteema1450 noisea1470 reapport1514 estimation1530 savour1535 existimationa1538 countenancea1568 credit1576 standing1579 stair1590 perfumec1595 estimate1597 pass1601 reportage1612 vibration1666 suffrage1667 rep1677 face1834 odour1835 rap1966 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 300 Any auctour of estymation. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiii. sig. Gv The frute..leseth his verdure and taste, and finally his estimation. 1569 J. Rogers Glasse Godly Love 185 How in estimacion a chaste life is. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxi. 6) Gods miracles growe out of estimacion with us by custome. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 141 The name of this place [sc. Hyde]..led me..to thinke that it had beene of more estimation in tyme past. 1593 T. Nashe Strange Newes 14 His brother..indeuord to take from mee all estimation of Arte or witte. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxiv. 268 To auoyde carefully..whatsoeuer may diminish his estimation and authority. 1767 B. Franklin in Pennsylvania Chron. 25 May–1 June 73/3 Gold and Silver have..universal Estimation. 1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. (1842) I. 544 A miserable populace, without property, without estimation, without education. 1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. I. xiii. 179 The family of every criminal is a loser in estimation..by his punishment, however just. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 27 The sole virtue of our commonweal, its strength, and its estimation, lay among the burgher craft of the better class. 3. a. The process of forming an approximate notion of (numbers, quantities, magnitudes, etc.) without actual enumeration or measurement. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > of quantity or amount estimationc1400 c1400 Mandeville Voiage & Travaile (1839) v. 41 That Tour..was of 25 myle in cyrcuyt of the Walles..as Men may demen by estymatioun. 1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 8 To þe noumbre of iiijxx and more by estimacion. 1473 J. Warkworth Chron. 5 A blasynge sterre..iiij. fote highe by estimacyone. 1558 Dunkyn's Mortgage to Vicary in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 182 Three..parcells of pasture grounde..conteyning by estimacion eightene acres. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 160 If a ship sail 8 Miles South in an Hour, by Log or Estimation. 1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 86 The proper estimation of the expence. 1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 9 The distance of the nearest threads became a very visible space, answerable to one minute each, and therefore capable of a much further subdivision by estimation. 1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 128 That which we call estimation means guess formed by a person whose previous habits and experience are such as to make it very likely that he can tell nearly true that which would require instruments to obtain with great approach to accuracy. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > estimated or approximate estimation1508 slump number1721 approximate1784 precision1842 rounding1842 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.viv There shall be set brede trenchours and spones after the estymacyon of them that shall syt there. 4. a. Manner of estimating or judging; opinion, judgement. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] weenc888 doomc900 advicec1300 wonec1300 opiniona1325 sentence1340 sight1362 estimationc1374 witc1374 assent1377 judgementa1393 supposinga1393 mindc1400 reputationc1400 feelingc1425 suffrage1531 counta1535 existimation1535 consent1599 vote1606 deem1609 repute1610 judicaturea1631 estimate1637 measure1650 sentiment1675 account1703 sensation1795 think1835 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. iv. 125 Þou hast quod she þe ryȝt estimacioun of þis. c1400 Test. Love i, in Chalmers Eng. Poets 474/1 Thestimacion of the enuious people, ne loketh nothing to desertes of men..but onely to the auenture of fortune. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) Introd. 6 Be the blyssyd medyacyoun Of this virgyne aftyr my estimacyoun. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxv Reuchline in the defence of his estimation, aunswereth him [sc. Phefercorn] with another. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 181 He that walketh uprightly..is sure not to come off disgracefully..in the estimations of men. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 39 The crown..in the..estimation of law..had ever been, perfectly irresponsible. View more context for this quotation 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 88 The dearest of men in my estimation. 1864 I. Taylor Words & Places 469 In popular estimation, idle and vagabond habits were acquired by those who made the pilgrimage to the..Holy Land. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] ettlingc1225 guessc1330 guessing1340 conjecting1382 cast1519 surmising1526 conjecturation1533 conjecture1535 foreguessing1548 speculation1575 estimation1598 conjecturing1643 guesswork1725 guesstimation1937 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 266 I speake not this in estimation, As what I thinke might be, but what I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set downe. View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > faculty or instrument of meta1200 judgementa1250 assayc1394 estimation1398 estimative faculty1398 criterion1647 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xi. 55 Proprely to speke a hound vsyth no reason but he vsyth a besye and stronge estymacyon. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiv. ii These are the v. wyttes..Fyrst, commyn wytte..Fantasy, and estymacyon truely. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1374 |
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