exemplaryn.
/ᵻɡˈzɛmpləri/, /ɛɡˈzɛmpləri/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzɛmpləri/, /ɛɡˈzɛmpləri/ 1. A model for imitation, a pattern, a prototype; someone or something to be imitated; esp. a person whose conduct is considered worthy of imitation. Also: the example or model afforded or set by a person or thing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example > action or conduct serving as
examplea1382
exemplara1393
samplea1400
exemplarya1425
moulda1547
modelling1959
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. viii. 5 (MED) Looke..þat alle thyngus þou do aftur þe exsaumplarie þat is schewid to þee.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 2999 Lat Zizara been your exaumplarye. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.]
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 5931 (MED) Take of hir examplarye.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. c.v She gaue examplary Unto her subgettes, and all the famyle Her precepte and dede.
1602 S. Patrick tr. J. de Hainault Estate of Church 62 A man of noble race, excellent in knowledge and honestie, an examplarie of a true Censor and Senator.
1752 ‘Britannicus’ Let. to Earl of Harcourt 12 May he renew in their Memories these laudable Exemplaries [sc. Martyrs to Religion].
1784 J. Hartley Hist. Westm. Election 215 The county of Middlesex, and the cities of London and Westminster, are the grand exemplaries of public conduct, which never fail to be felt and followed by every district.
1870 Titusville (Pa.) Morning Herald 1 Apr. The country has lost one of the noblest exemplaries of its institutions, the army one of its greatest chieftains, society one of its brightest ornaments.
1978 Strategies for Appl. Res. Managem. (Assembly of Engin.) 22 The successes of Toronto and greater Seattle should be carefully reviewed as exemplaries.
2008 K. Walker Stopover in Venice vi. 206 Messer Contarini is knowledgeable in the philosophies of the ancients and wishes to contemplate a depiction of these exemplaries before the famous cave of Plato.
ΚΠ
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12220 (MED) Thys whel ys..A lyknesse..And..Vn-to the an exaumplarye The to gouerne in thy vyage.
a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 11 (MED) So many seyntis bodies liynge hool aftur hur dethe, incorupt & hauynge þe similitude & þe examplary of finalle incorupcioun.
1566 T. Heskyns Parl. Chryste iii. xviii. f. cclxxix Some haue called the bread and wine exemplaries of the bodie and bloode of our Lorde.
3. An individual copy of a text (esp. in manuscript); spec. one from which a new copy, version, or translation is or may be made; = exemplar n. 2. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > copy > [noun]
exemplara1382
rescripta1425
exemplary1534
copy1538
multicopy1947
society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > transcript or copy
transcriptc1290
copyc1330
exemplara1382
again-writingc1384
transumption1412
tenorc1450
examplea1475
transumpt1480
duplicate1532
exemplary1534
double1543
duplicament1574
manuscript1600
apograph1601
exscript1609
exscription1637
transcription1649
autograph1868
1534 N. Udall Floures for Latine Spekynge gathered oute of Terence f. 94v If the boke be not corrupte.., as all exemplaries do consent and agree.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke Pref. 5 b The Latine exemplaries..do vary and not well agree.
1633 J. Done tr. ‘Aristeas’ Aunc. Hist. Septuagint 29 I will here inserte the Tenour and Copy of the request made to the King, by Demetrius..The Exemplary of Demetrius his request to the King, was this.
1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick vii. 143 Moses had ordered the Kings a Copy of the Law. The Exemplary of the Temple was taken away.
1777 W. Baylies Let. 24 Mar. in T. Dimsdale Present Meth. Inoculating for Small-pox (1779) 180 You may, Sir, be very certain, that I should not have sent an exemplary of it [sc. a book] to you, in hopes of its passing unobserved.
1860 H. C. Wilson New Guide Florence & Vicinity p. xxviii An exemplary of the Divina Commedia commented by Cristophorns Landino of the year 1481.
1873 Ocean Highways May 84/1 M. Maunoir..read the letters he had received from M. Adrien Germain, with two exemplaries of his autographed report.
1988 P. Consigli in A. Ziv National Styles Humor 150 Some exemplaries of his monthly L' Anamorfico were published from 1984 till his death in 1985.
4. A typical, characteristic, or illustrative example; a specimen; an instance. Cf. example n. 3b, exemplar n. 4b.In positive contexts, sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > exemplifying some rule, activity, quality, etc.
asaumplea1250
evidencec1391
piecea1393
examplea1398
samplera1400
exemplarc1475
paradigm1483
instant1560
precedenta1575
exemplification1582
exemplary1583
instance1592
instancy1613
copy1641
specimen1659
patron saint1803
for instance1959
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Bvi The pride of apparel, remaining in sight, as an exemplarie of euill, induceth the whole man to wickednes and sinne.
1833 J. Buchanan Jrnl. 17 June in G. T. Curtis Life J. Buchanan ix. 202 The former gave me several exemplaries of Russian antiquities as a souvenir.
1872 Ladies 15 June Suppl. 281/2 The various textures are realised in a manner that would do honour to the best exemplaries of imitative art in the French school.
1936 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Nov. 1/8 The marvelous park of the Bellevue Palace Hotel.., with its wonderful exemplaries of coffee-trees and pepper-trees.
1991 M. Landy Brit. Genres 15 Both films use their biographical subjects as exemplaries of national aspirations.
2011 C. J. Koot Empire at Periphery v. 166 An exemplary of these small-scale traders is Cornelis Clopper.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
exemplaryadj.adv.
/ᵻɡˈzɛmpləri/, /ɛɡˈzɛmpləri/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzɛmpləri/, /ɛɡˈzɛmpləri/ A. adj.† 6. That is a striking or extraordinary instance or specimen of something. Obsolete.In the context of punishment difficult to distinguish from sense A. 2.
1. † b. That influences or is likely to influence others to act in a particular way, by means of example. Obsolete.† c. That is or serves as an example to be avoided. Obsolete. rare.
a. That sets or affords a good example; admirable, commendable; (later also more generally) excellent, outstanding, perfect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > perfect
finea1300
perfecta1398
crownedc1405
absolute?a1425
obsolute1522
quintessential1551
absolentc1560
fashionate1593
omniperfect1678
quadriform1679
exemplary1709
perfick1771
puffick1858
twenty-twenty1875
copybook1908
perfecto1941
?1507 C. Brandon et al. Iustes of Maye (de Worde) sig. A.viv For excellent byrthe but surmountynge beauty..Lyke to be to pryncesses exemplary For her vertue.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xix. 32 The good and exemplarie things and actions of the former ages.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 7 In..good doctrine, and good life..exemplarie to his [sc. a minister's] people in publike and priuate.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. c6 Your Lordship hath been exemplary to better Building.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋6 My Head ran all that Day and Night on the exemplary Carriage of this Woman.
1790 R. Adair Mem. 18 His frugality in the expenditure of the public money..was conspicuous and exemplary.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 92 He was a man of learning and fervent piety..and an exemplary parish priest.
1870 Art-jrnl. 9 70/1 Of foreign pictures there are yet others of exemplary quality to be mentioned.
1915 Daily Graphic 9 Dec. 1/3 Ex-soldiers with ‘exemplary’, ‘very good’ and ‘good’ characters desiring employment.
1973 Gramophone Sept. 507/3 A French harpsichordist too, who gives performances of exemplary clarity and style.
2010 Los Angeles Times 30 Dec. d1 He's embraced by hero-worshipers as an exemplary Christian.
ΚΠ
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xx. 34 The good and bad of Princes is more exemplarie..then the priuate persons.
1609 T. Cooper Churches Deliv. i. 39 Queene Vashties sinne is herein exemplary, such as shall prouoke like contempt throughout the Land, among all sortes.
1659 N. Clagett Abuse of Gods Grace v. 138 O the sad consequence of exemplary sinne, what mischief doth it in Families, Churches, Common-wealths, the world?
1728 R. Hill Disc. Fourth Commandmant i. 20 God's Rest after the six Days Work of creation, was designed to be exemplary.
ΚΠ
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 467 From this abyss of exemplary vice Resolv'd..to rise.
2. Serving or intended to serve as a deterrent or warning to others against a particular act, course of action, etc.† b. Of a punished person, offence, etc. Chiefly in to make exemplary. Cf. to make an example of (also out of) at example n. Phrases 1. Obsolete.
a. Of punishment, retribution, etc. See also exemplary damages n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [adjective] > that may serve as deterrent
exemplary1574
exemplar1575
1574 G. Fenton tr. J. Talpin Forme Christian Pollicie iii. i. 117 Our polletike Pastors ouer kingdoms and common weales, thonder exemplary iustice [Fr. exemplaire iustice] vpon these deuouring Rauens.
1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale i. iv. 21 The greatest profit of punishment is, that it be exemplarie vnto all.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Somerset 25 His Justice was exemplary on Theeves and Robbers.
1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. III. 231 He took an exemplary vengeance.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 19 The infliction of such exemplary punishment.
1809 Observer 7 May From the frequency of this offence, it became necessary to punish it with exemplary severity.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 405 Delinquents..deserving of exemplary punishment.
1946 J. Morgan Assize of Arms i. ii. 53 If an exemplary fine was not inflicted, the lives of the officers..would not be worth an hour's purchase.
1968 G. Daws Shoal of Time iv. 122 Now he could take exemplary action against the partners as interlopers.
2012 N. Kollman Crime & Punishm. in Early Mod. Russia xvi. 367 The government put down mass uprising in a way that balanced exemplary punishment with restoration of stability.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment > specific to make an example of
to make exemplarya1601
exemplifya1637
example1639
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 216 These offences might be made exemplary, and forewarnings to other men.
1659 T. Burton Diary 12 Feb. (BL Add. MS. 15862) iv. f. 106v L[et] h[im] b[e] Xemplary i[n] h[is] punishment send h[im] to [the] tower fine h[im] 1000l.
1669 London Gaz. No. 411/4 The Ring-leaders in the late Tumult, whom he intends to make exemplary.
1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. iv. ii, in Wks. 79 That dark way of proceeding ought to be made Exemplary in time, before it breaks out into open practices upon the state.
3.
a. That is typical or characteristic of a category, class, etc., or is an illustration or specimen of a quality, thing, etc. Later also: that is an embodiment or personification of a quality or type. Frequently in predicative use with of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [adjective] > typical of a class
exemplar1570
exemplary1593
typifying1653
speciminal1664
representative1788
typified1851
typal1853
specimen1860
typical1860
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 121 There was much adooe..first at Ierusalem, with one Synedrion, and then at Geneua with one Seniorie, the two onely exemplary Presbiteryes: (for other Primitiue Elderships wil not fit the turne).
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 5 I allow, that a Family..was as an exemplary Monarchie.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 216 Tyrus is now no other then an heape of ruines; yet..they..instruct the..beholder with their exemplary frailty.
1734 R. Laurence Indispensible Obligation of Ministring ii. 122 There is no part of Divine Revelation, which teaches us, that such the Mosaic High-Priest's ministration was any thing at all Typical, or Exemplary, of what Our Christian Bishops and Priests are to perform with Relation to their ministrations.
1794 Acct. Proc. Brit. Convent. 1793 31 Though I could not get a Copy of this bill, the heads which I have read are sufficiently exemplary of its detestable principles.
1878 J. Ruskin Notes Turner's Drawings 72 Four thus exemplary drawings he..made for specimens.
1924 H. Crane Let. 3 Feb. (1965) 173 I was quite exemplary of both sides of my family in not being made of any putty—knowing what I want to do, and sticking it out.
1994 Amer. Spectator Aug. 14/3 He was by then..exemplary of the recklessness of certain modern American men and women.
2003 Isis 94 708/2 Other passages that seem to interrupt the logic of the treatise (such as a discussion of madness) are in fact exemplary of contemporary sophistic technique and are driven by common perceptions of illness and health.
b. Of an individual instance or case: that is cited or supplied as evidence or in illustration of an assertion, general rule, etc.Sometimes overlapping with sense A. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [adjective] > of or relating to exemplification > serving as an illustration
exemplary1639
illustrative1643
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xxiv. 271 Exemplary is the Coat of George Villiers Duke of Buckingham; five Scallop-shells on a plain Crosse, speaking his predecessours valour in the Holy warre.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. iii. 99 This third Book having to tell of accidents as various and exemplary, as the intermission or change of Government hath any where brought forth, may deserve attention more than common.
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 31 If we consult all Historians.., we shall find no Princes more weak..than where the Administration of Affairs fell on the shoulders of some Learned Bookish Governour. Of the truth whereof the two Cato's are exemplary instances.
1789 T. Coxe Observ. Agric., Manuf. & Commerce U.S. 7 A nation..may, by wise and prudent measure,..become independent and even opulent. Exemplary instances in proof hereof might be adduced.
1817 Monthly Rev. Jan. 82 Collecting exemplary passages which can only assist a reader to infer the meaning of a word by induction.
1985 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 June 728/1 No wholly satisfactory analysis of the European witch persecution has yet appeared, and when it does it will have to operate with a complexity of approaches, alongside a wealth of exemplary material.
2012 G. Frank Experience Sci. 29 Let's assume the following exemplary situation.
4.
a. Of a material thing: that is or may be used as a prototype or pattern; intended as a model or guide. Cf. exemplar n. 1a.Occasionally difficult to distinguish from sense A. 1a.In quot. 1593 with reference to nature personified as the creator of the world; cf. sense A. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [adjective] > exemplary
paradigmatical1577
exemplary1593
suit-worth1594
exampling1605
paradigmatic1662
model1831
exemplaric1836
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 53 We are not of opinion..that nature in working hath before hir certaine exemplary draughts or patternes.
1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 40 So that what Osmund intended peculiarly for his own use became exemplary to others.
1693 in I. Chauncy Rejoynder to Dr. Williams 48 (advt.) The first Part contains..a Medicinal Catalogue, and an exemplary Invoyce.
1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/8 An exemplary Invoice, proper for those at Sea and Land.
1816 Monthly Rev. 81 App. 525 Manuscript-books..sufficiently popular to be exemplary.
1854 R. C. Trench Synonyms New Test. (1860) 1st Ser. 83 The first edition of 1611..should have been considered authoritative and exemplary for all that followed.
1943 Billboard 29 May 111/2 Exemplary copies of letters to congressmen are being widely distributed..in order to encourage others to write.
2013 E. Dekker Illustrating Phaenomena i. 35/2 For a long time historians have considered the Farnese globe..exemplary for globe making in Antiquity.
b. Philosophy and Theology. Existing as an archetypal exemplar (exemplar n. 1b(a)); relating to or consisting of such exemplars.
ΚΠ
1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 66 For here heate is an elementarie qualitie, in heauen it is an heating virtue; and in the Angelicall thoughts, an Idea and exemplarie forme.
1745 D. De Coetlogon Universal Hist. Arts & Sci. II. 10/2 God is in fact the exemplary Form of all Things, but not a Form which is a Part, properly said, of any Composite.
1801 F. Barrett Magus ii. vi. 86 The form and virtue of things come first from the ideas... These kinds of operations, therefore, are performed in..the original cause, by ideas and exemplary forms.
1974 J. C. Plott Philos. of Devotion 327 Beauty is always ‘exemplary’ in the technical sense..; it always resides in God as the Exemplar.
2002 B. Jakim tr. T. Regnon in tr. S. N. Bulgakov Bride of Lamb i. 28 These exemplary forms do not really differ from the divine essence.
5. Esp. of a book, story, etc.: of, containing, or providing an example or examples to be imitated or avoided; that may serve as a (moral) guide.In quot. a1649 designating a word used to introduce such an example.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [adjective] > of or relating to exemplification > furnishing (an) example(s)
ensampialc1449
exemplary1623
exemplarizing1652
exemplificatory1810
exemplificative1826
exemplative1834
paradigmatic1973
1623 I. Bourne Anat. of Conscience 34 Liber exemplaris, a liuing exemplary Book; the characters of whose most vpright steps wee should learne to imitate.
1640 J. Mabbe (title) Cervantes' Exemplarie Novells.
1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 11 As she [sc. Time] is the most faithfull guide to the exemplary knowledge of any matter of Fact passed: so she..affords subsidiarie presidents and patternes of significant actions to come.
a1649 Valley of Vision (1651) sig. Aaa2 Behold, sayth he. As we take it with respect to God, so it is a precatory particle... If we take it as it hath respect to man, so it is an exemplary particle, to stir them up to doe the like.
1788 T. Holcroft tr. F. von der Trenck in tr. Life Baron Trenck III. 104 Raised by misfortune, I live my country's monument, where many instructive, many exemplary lessons may be read.
1812 Mrs. Trimmer Ess. Christian Educ. v. 310 Those exemplary tales which inculcate the duties of childhood and youth.
1844 Lit. Gaz. 10 Feb. 96/3 Several sketches and exemplary stories agreeably relieve the monotony of abstract instruction.
1909 Sewanee Rev. Apr. 157 A leisurely public which..was distinctly prepossessed in favor of such exemplary narratives as bestow upon virtuous characters fitting rewards and bring due punishment to the wicked.
1941 New Republic 17 Feb. 214/1 It is a good little exemplary tale, and of general application.
2011 New Yorker 27 June 77/1 In this kind of writing, which often emanates from business schools and economics departments.., one often finds..exemplary stories of successful entrepreneurs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > having the force of an example
exemplar1614
exemplary1629
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > worthy of notice > exemplary
exemplar1605
exemplary1629
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > exemplary
exemplar1585
exemplary1629
pattern1657
emulablea1684
model1831
textbookish1914
textbook1916
1629 G. Chapman tr. Juvenal Fifth Satyre in Iustification Nero 19 A Lamprey of an exemplary Size, That for dimension beares the price from all.
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. iii. 32 Such Crimes as are contrary to..the publique profit or peace, in a more exemplary way then ordinary.
1711 W. Colnett Sermon 12 God many times punishes exemplary and egregious Sins, with publick Calamities.
1829 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Oct. 276 There was nobody that made a more exemplary bawling for the constable.
In a manner or to a degree that is considered worthy of imitation; = exemplarily adv. 2a. Also occasionally: in a way that may deter or serve as a warning to others; = exemplarily adv. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [adverb] > in a deterrent or correctional way
exemplarily1587
exemplary1626
correctionally1877
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adverb] > in exemplary manner
exemplarly1556
exemplarily1603
exemplary1626
1626 G. Sandys in tr. Ovid Metamorphosis sig. b Continuing to the end exemplarie faithfull.
1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid i. iii. 8 Such Surgeons..deserve to be punished severely and exemplary.
1728 J. Morgan Hist. Barbary Epitomiz'd in Compl. Hist. Algiers I. 74 That good Pastor [sc. S. Augustine] persuaded him..to live exemplary.
1772 J. Wilkes Let. 16 Sept. in Corr. (1805) IV. 139 Our captain..had been exemplary humane and good.
Compounds
exemplary damages n. Law damages exceeding simple compensation and awarded to punish the defendant; = punitive damages n. at punitive adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [noun] > a sum payable in damages > damages as punishment to defendant
exemplary damages1755
vindictive damages1813
punitive damages1858
1755 London Evening Post 25 Feb. The Plaintiff had Reason to expect exemplary Damages.
1821 E. Cowen Treat. Civil Jurisdict. Justice of Peace in State N.-Y. xi. 623 In an action for seducing a wife or daughter,..exemplary damages are frequently given.
1929 Times 25 Apr. 16/6 So abominable and cruel a charge called for exemplary damages.
2014 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 13 Sept. (Sport section) There is no ceiling on the costs that can be awarded as exemplary damages.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1425
adj.adv.?1507