ethosn.

Brit.

/ˈiːθɒs/, U.S.

/ˈiˌθɑs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ēthos.

Etymology: < classical Latin ēthos character, depiction of character < ancient Greek ἦθος custom, usage, disposition, character, (in rhetoric) delineation of character < an ablaut variant of the Indo-European base of ἔθος (see mansuete adj.).

1. Character or characterization as revealed in action or its representation; the quality of the permanent, as opposed to the transient or emotional. Contrasted with pathos. Chiefly with reference to ancient Greek rhetoric and art.Aristotle ( Poetics 1450^a28) states that Polygnotus was good at representing character or ‘ethos’; but as Aristotle elsewhere ( Poetics 1448^a5) says that this painter portrayed men as nobler than they really are, some modern writers have taken ethos to mean ‘ideal excellence’. The opposition of ethos and pathos (‘character’ and ‘emotion’), often wrongly ascribed to Aristotle's theory of art as expounded in the Poetics, belongs only to Aristotelian rhetoric.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally

decoruma1568

humoura1568

variety1597

strength1608

uniformity1625

barbarity1644

freedom1645

boldness1677

correctness1684

clinquant1711

unity1712

contrast1713

meretriciousness1727

airiness1734

pathos1739

chastity1760

vigour1774

prettyism1789

mannerism1803

serio-comic1805

actuality1812

largeness1824

local colour1829

subjectivitya1834

idealism1841

pastoralism1842

inartisticalitya1849

academicism1852

realism1856

colour contrast1858

crampedness1858

niggling1858

audacity1859

superreality1859

literalism1860

pseudo-classicism1861

sensationalism1862

sensationism1862

chocolate box1865

pseudo-classicality1867

academism1871

actualism1872

academicalism1874

ethos1875

terribilità1877

local colouring1881

neoclassicism1893

mass effect1902

attack1905

verismo1908

kitsch1921

abstraction1923

self-consciousness1932

surreality1936

tension1941

build-up1942

sprezzatura1957

1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) Pref. sig. **8 As for the Ethos..I shall only leave it to consideration whether the use of the Chorus..would not..advance then diminish the present.

1711 C. Johnson Generous Husband iii. 31 You are Mistress both of the Ethos and the Pathos.

1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. i. vii. 207 The difference is a-kin to that..which the rhetoricians observe between pathos and ethos, passion and disposition.

1875 A. S. Murray in Encycl. Brit. II. 359 By ethos, as applied to the paintings of Polygnotus, we understand a dignified bearing in his figures, and a measured movement throughout his compositions.

1881 Q. Rev. Oct. 542 The real is preferred to the ideal, transient emotion to permanent lineaments, pathos to ethos.

1937 Irish Monthly July 442 The writer..must give us the ethos, the pathos, the heights and depths of life if you will.

1978 E. C. Keuls Plato & Greek Painting v. iii. 100 The..comment that Aristides was ‘harsh in his colors’..shows again that the quality of ethos was associated with the painters with a linear approach, rather than the colorists.

2008 E. T. Lim Anti-Intellectual Presidency iv. 54 Presidential rhetoric today is short on logos, disingenuous on ethos, and long on pathos.

a. The characteristic spirit of a people, community, culture, or era as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations; the prevailing character of an institution or system.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > characteristic spirit or ethos

social character1754

ethos1842

eidos1936

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] > of a locality, institution, or ethos

meridian1590

genius loci1605

genius1741

ethos1842

culture1940

corporate culture1961

1835 R. H. Froude Let. Jan. in Remains (1838) I. 395 The Church of England saints, however good in essentials, are with a few rare exceptions deficient in the austere beauty of the Catholic ἦθος?]

1842 A. Flinders Confessions Apostate iii. 105 ‘A sentiment as true as it is beautiful,’ I replied, ‘like the “austere beauty of the Catholic Ethos”, which we now see in perfection.’

1843 M. Fox Country House xii. 62 The ethos of painting is quite compatible with familiar and homely subjects.

1859 W. F. Wingfield Tour in Dalmatia 27 This prevalence of the Italian language and ethos exists..not only in the maritime cities.

1882 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 245 The ethos of Catholic sacerdotal life is altogether different.

1944 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 50 133/2 In the case of the Welsh miner the Protestant chapels, or nonconformism, supported the individualistic ethos of capitalism.

1971 J. M. White in H. M. Tirard tr. A. Erman Life in Anc. Egypt Introd. p. viii Erman was influenced by the strict ethos of his own age.

2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archer-Antiquaries 43 91/1 The influence of ‘muscular Christianity’ and the public school ethos of character development..had given team games enormous encouragement.

b. The character of an individual as represented by his or her values and beliefs; the moral or practical code by which a person lives.

ΚΠ

1839 Q. Rev. June 99 This energy, this ‘shotting his gun’, forms part of the ἠθος of Mr. Sikes.]

1844 County Herald 15 June 4/5 There is a notion abroad that his ethos is not of that sort of stuff of which a Chatham, or a Grey, or a Russell is made.

1878 Contemp. Rev. 1 Dec. 530 The..pamphlet gives an insight into the Squire's counsels to the factory hands.., and exhibits the solid sense of the speaker backed by his ethos.

1917 L. P. Jacks Life & Lett. S. Brooke I. xvi. 320 His manner, his style, his ethos, his personality were not those of a Nonconformist.

1975 Crit. Inq. 2 291 The story of a woman whose fated Aphrodisian beauty conflicts with her ethos, her characteristic desire to be faithful to societal and familial ideals.

2008 A. Eames Something Different for Weekend iv. 15 My ethos is that if it doesn't hurt, isn't cold, and doesn't take place early in the morning, then it can't be doing any good.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ethos
释义	ethosn. Brit. /ˈiːθɒs/, U.S. /ˈiˌθɑs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ēthos. Etymology: < classical Latin ēthos character, depiction of character < ancient Greek ἦθος custom, usage, disposition, character, (in rhetoric) delineation of character < an ablaut variant of the Indo-European base of ἔθος (see mansuete adj.). 1. Character or characterization as revealed in action or its representation; the quality of the permanent, as opposed to the transient or emotional. Contrasted with pathos. Chiefly with reference to ancient Greek rhetoric and art.Aristotle ( Poetics 1450^a28) states that Polygnotus was good at representing character or ‘ethos’; but as Aristotle elsewhere ( Poetics 1448^a5) says that this painter portrayed men as nobler than they really are, some modern writers have taken ethos to mean ‘ideal excellence’. The opposition of ethos and pathos (‘character’ and ‘emotion’), often wrongly ascribed to Aristotle's theory of art as expounded in the Poetics, belongs only to Aristotelian rhetoric. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally decoruma1568 humoura1568 variety1597 strength1608 uniformity1625 barbarity1644 freedom1645 boldness1677 correctness1684 clinquant1711 unity1712 contrast1713 meretriciousness1727 airiness1734 pathos1739 chastity1760 vigour1774 prettyism1789 mannerism1803 serio-comic1805 actuality1812 largeness1824 local colour1829 subjectivitya1834 idealism1841 pastoralism1842 inartisticalitya1849 academicism1852 realism1856 colour contrast1858 crampedness1858 niggling1858 audacity1859 superreality1859 literalism1860 pseudo-classicism1861 sensationalism1862 sensationism1862 chocolate box1865 pseudo-classicality1867 academism1871 actualism1872 academicalism1874 ethos1875 terribilità1877 local colouring1881 neoclassicism1893 mass effect1902 attack1905 verismo1908 kitsch1921 abstraction1923 self-consciousness1932 surreality1936 tension1941 build-up1942 sprezzatura1957 1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) Pref. sig. *8 As for the Ethos..I shall only leave it to consideration whether the use of the Chorus..would not..advance then diminish the present. 1711 C. Johnson Generous Husband* iii. 31 You are Mistress both of the Ethos and the Pathos. 1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. i. vii. 207 The difference is a-kin to that..which the rhetoricians observe between pathos and ethos, passion and disposition. 1875 A. S. Murray in Encycl. Brit. II. 359 By ethos, as applied to the paintings of Polygnotus, we understand a dignified bearing in his figures, and a measured movement throughout his compositions. 1881 Q. Rev. Oct. 542 The real is preferred to the ideal, transient emotion to permanent lineaments, pathos to ethos. 1937 Irish Monthly July 442 The writer..must give us the ethos, the pathos, the heights and depths of life if you will. 1978 E. C. Keuls Plato & Greek Painting v. iii. 100 The..comment that Aristides was ‘harsh in his colors’..shows again that the quality of ethos was associated with the painters with a linear approach, rather than the colorists. 2008 E. T. Lim Anti-Intellectual Presidency iv. 54 Presidential rhetoric today is short on logos, disingenuous on ethos, and long on pathos. 2. a. The characteristic spirit of a people, community, culture, or era as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations; the prevailing character of an institution or system. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > characteristic spirit or ethos social character1754 ethos1842 eidos1936 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] > of a locality, institution, or ethos meridian1590 genius loci1605 genius1741 ethos1842 culture1940 corporate culture1961 1835 R. H. Froude Let. Jan. in Remains (1838) I. 395 The Church of England saints, however good in essentials, are with a few rare exceptions deficient in the austere beauty of the Catholic ἦθος?] 1842 A. Flinders Confessions Apostate iii. 105 ‘A sentiment as true as it is beautiful,’ I replied, ‘like the “austere beauty of the Catholic Ethos”, which we now see in perfection.’ 1843 M. Fox Country House xii. 62 The ethos of painting is quite compatible with familiar and homely subjects. 1859 W. F. Wingfield Tour in Dalmatia 27 This prevalence of the Italian language and ethos exists..not only in the maritime cities. 1882 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 245 The ethos of Catholic sacerdotal life is altogether different. 1944 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 50 133/2 In the case of the Welsh miner the Protestant chapels, or nonconformism, supported the individualistic ethos of capitalism. 1971 J. M. White in H. M. Tirard tr. A. Erman Life in Anc. Egypt Introd. p. viii Erman was influenced by the strict ethos of his own age. 2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archer-Antiquaries 43 91/1 The influence of ‘muscular Christianity’ and the public school ethos of character development..had given team games enormous encouragement. b. The character of an individual as represented by his or her values and beliefs; the moral or practical code by which a person lives. ΚΠ 1839 Q. Rev. June 99 This energy, this ‘shotting his gun’, forms part of the ἠθος of Mr. Sikes.] 1844 County Herald 15 June 4/5 There is a notion abroad that his ethos is not of that sort of stuff of which a Chatham, or a Grey, or a Russell is made. 1878 Contemp. Rev. 1 Dec. 530 The..pamphlet gives an insight into the Squire's counsels to the factory hands.., and exhibits the solid sense of the speaker backed by his ethos. 1917 L. P. Jacks Life & Lett. S. Brooke I. xvi. 320 His manner, his style, his ethos, his personality were not those of a Nonconformist. 1975 Crit. Inq. 2 291 The story of a woman whose fated Aphrodisian beauty conflicts with her ethos, her characteristic desire to be faithful to societal and familial ideals. 2008 A. Eames Something Different for Weekend iv. 15 My ethos is that if it doesn't hurt, isn't cold, and doesn't take place early in the morning, then it can't be doing any good. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1675
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