ethyln.
/ˈiːθʌɪl/, /ˈɛθʌɪl/, /ˈɛθ(ᵻ)l/, U.S. /ˈɛθ(ə)l/ Chemistry.
1. Originally: a hydrocarbon radical C4H5 or C4H10, supposedly present in ether (now historical). Later: an alkyl group —C2H5, which occurs in ethanol and its derivatives (and of which there are two in ether), derived from ethane by loss of a hydrogen atom.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > named, by number of carbon atoms > four
ethyl1834
valyl1850
iso-butyl1866
butenyl1874
1834 E. Turner Elem. Chem. (ed. 5) iii. 883 Recent discoveries in organic chemistry have induced Berzelius to regard ether as the oxide of a compound inflammable body called ethule or ethyle (from ether and υλη principle).
1839 Lancet 11 May 265/1 It is supposed that a substance exists although it has never been isolated, which has been termed ethyle (erroneously translated ethule by Dr. Turner), consisting of C4H5.
1841 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1836–40 1 i. 2 The pyroxylic spirit of Liebig, C4H10O2, is considered by Professor Kane to be not a deutoxide of ethyl, but a tribasic ether, containing methylene aldehyd.
1867 A. W. Hofmann in Proc. Royal Soc. 1866–7 15 58 According to this principle the following names are formed:..Ethyl, (C2 H5)′.
1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxvii. 275 Alcohol may be regarded as water in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by ethyl.
1889 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 June 1457/1 In sulphonal the connection of the two ethyls is effected by the SO2 group.
1912 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xvii. 329 The phenyl radical, C6H5, is therefore more acid or ‘negative’ in character than the ethyl, C2H5.
1964 B. Smith Bridged Aromatic Compounds 156 Brown and his group noted that 2-butanone and furan condensed to give (CCLXXXVIII)..with one methyl and one ethyl attached to each bridge carbon.
2011 D. L. Pavia et al. Small-scale Approach Org. Lab. Techniques (ed. 3) iv. 491 The reaction does not proceed well unless R+ is methyl or ethyl.
2. A compound containing one or more ethyl groups bonded directly to a metal atom. Usually with distinguishing word specifying the metal.
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1850 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 768 The remarkable bodies discovered by Frankland, to which he has given the names of zinc-methyl and zinc-ethyl.
1859 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 685 The preparation of mercuric, stannic, and plumbic ethyls, through the action of zinc ethyl on various organic and inorganic salts.
1928 Lancet 28 Apr. 881/2 While your Government is inquiring into the danger of lead ethyl, our public health service is investigating another..hazard of the motor industry.
1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. ix. 406 The products of decomposition of sodium ethyl might have been expected to bear some relationship to those from other metal-ethyls.
2009 Macromolecules 42 1058 A series of aluminum ethyls and isopropoxides based on a bis(pyrrolidene) Schiff base ligand framework has been prepared and characterized.
3. U.S. Petrol containing an additive consisting primarily of tetraethyl lead as an anti-knock agent; frequently attributive. Also: the additive itself; = ethyl fluid n. at Compounds 2. Now chiefly historical.Ethyl is a proprietary name in the United States.
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society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > chemical fuel > [noun] > liquid
naphthec1384
naphtha1543
paraffin1851
kerosene1854
octylene1857
shale-oil1857
coal oil1859
gasoline1863
octane1867
octene1868
octyne1877
gas1878
liquid fuel1889
petrol1895
mazut1897
white fuel1901
diesel oil1905
autogas1908
juice1909
sauce1918
power kerosene1919
petroil1921
ethyl1923
lox1923
kero1930
isooctane1932
high-octane1933
hi-octane1933
Calor1936
pool petrol1939
super1939
pool1940
derv1948
platformate1949
mixture1952
diesel1953
Mapp gas1962
gasohol1971
super unleaded1975
synoil1976
synjet1979
biodiesel1986
Orimulsion1987
1923 Daily News Standard (Penn.) 26 May 6/3 Ethyl gas, the new fuel for internal combustion engines..is being put on the market.
1938 Life 6 June 29/3 (advt.) Judging by anti-knock quality, there are three grades of gasoline: ‘low grade’, ‘regular’ and gasoline containing ‘Ethyl’.
1951 R. Cassady & W. L. Jones Nature Competition in Gasoline Distribution at Retail Level viii. 118 A discount on gasoline dispensed from a pump designated Bob's Ethyl—a rebrand.
1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 89 Ethyl, a Western term for premium grade gasoline (high test in the East), even though ethyl is no longer used as a gas additive; from tetraethyl lead.
Compounds
C1. attributive, as ethyl group, ethyl radical, etc. Frequently in names of compounds.
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1850 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 113 The deportment of aniline with bromide of methyl resembles its behaviour with the ethyl-compound.
1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 1856–7 8 512 The liquid..possesses a composition and an aggregate of properties which closely resemble those of the mercaptan of the ethyl-series.
1890 J. M. Thomson & A. G. Bloxam Bloxam's Chem. (ed. 7) 570 Ethyl butyrate..is sold as ananas oil, or essence of pineapple.
1914 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 6 1021/1 Alkylating—This is the introduction of methyl or ethyl groups into hydroxyl groups or into amido groups.
1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. ix. 391 By streaming the vapours of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or diethyl ketone..through a tube exposed to ultra-violet radiation from a mercury-vapour lamp, free methyl and ethyl radicals are produced.
1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. 186 Phenetole (ethyl phenyl ether) is the main product.
1992 W. H. Brock Fontana Hist. Chem. vi. 218 Oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid justified Liebig's acetyl radical, C4H3; its esterification also justified Liebig's ethyl radical.
1999 J. Weiner Time, Love, Memory 87 Lewis recommended a poison called ethyl methane sulfonate.
2006 J. M. Hornback Org. Chem. (Internat. Student ed.) xxviii. 1205 Norgestrel..is similar to norethindrone but has an ethyl group at position 13 rather than a methyl group.
C2.
ethyl acetate n. a liquid ester with a fruity odour, used as a solvent and in flavourings and perfumes.Systematic name: ethyl ethanoate; CH3COOC2H5.
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1866 J. J. Griffin Chem. Testing Wines & Spirits 97 Ethyl Acetate = C2H5, C2H3O2.
1958 Times Rev. Industry June 37/3 A 50 per cent. solution in ethyl acetate of a newly developed polyisocyanate designed for use in high-quality lacquers.
2001 C. Delfini & J. V. Formica Wine Microbiol. xi. 212/1 The odor of vinegar is due to the concurrent presence of high levels of ethyl acetate produced by acetic acid bacteria.
ethyl acetoacetate n. the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid, a liquid with a fruity odour, used as an intermediate in synthetic and manufacturing processes and in flavourings.Systematic name: ethyl 3-oxobutanoate; CH3COCH2COOC2H5.
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1873 F. W. Clarke Constants of Nature I. 299 (table) Dibutylated ethyl aceto acetate.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xv. 292 Ethyl acetoacetate, or ethyl β-ketobutyrate, is the most important of the β-keto-esters.
2011 J. R. Hanson Org. Chem. Isotopic Labelling ii. 30 Ethyl acetoacetate is conveniently prepared by a Claisen condensation of ethyl acetate.
ethyl alcohol n. [probably after German Aethylalkohol (1850 or earlier; also Äthylalkohol and (now usually) Ethylalkohol)] = ethanol n.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alcohols > [noun] > monohydric alcohols by number of carbon atoms > two
ethyl alcohol1850
ethanol1892
1850 A. W. Hofmann & H. B. Jones tr. J. Liebig & H. Kopp Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. 1847–8 II. Index 570 Ethyl-alcohol.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxix. 257 Ethyl alcohol, C2H6O, known as spirits of wine.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. vi. 149 The enzyme zymase..effects the breaking down of hexose to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
1997 W. Self Great Apes (1998) vi. 85 These dossers, homeless, filthy, their minds blunted by ethyl alcohol.
2005 Mirror (Nexis) 15 Feb. 25 Purell Instant Hand Sanitizer..contains 62 per cent ethyl alcohol and claims to kill 99.9 per cent of germs.
ethyl-amyl-acetate n. rare jargonelle pear essence (amyl acetate in ethanolic solution).
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1884 N.E.D. at Amyl2 Ethyl-amyl-acetate, the essence of jargonelle pears.
1997 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 2 Nov. (Spectrum section) 47 As Clapp's has Jargonelle in its ancestry, that also accounted for its wondrous scent of peardrops, ethyl-amyl-acetate.
ethylbenzene n. [compare French éthylbenzine (M. Berthelot 1867, in Ann. de chim. et de phys. 12 78)] a liquid hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum, and is made synthetically for use in the production of polystyrene.Formula: C6H5CH2CH3.
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1867 Laboratory 22 June 223/1 Ethyl-benzol is sharply distinguishable from xylol or dimethyl-benzol by furnishing benzoic acid when oxidised.]
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1057 Ethylbenzene is slowly attacked by bromine, forming monobromo-ethylbenzene, which is a liquid boiling at about 200°.
1934 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 38 315 Higher aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethyl-benzene, pseudo-cumene and mesitylene have been synthesised and used..as fuel for aviation engines.
2008 E. Royte Bottlemania vii. 139 Plastic-making also generates emissions of nickel, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, and benzene.
ethyl chloride n. a gas or volatile liquid (boiling point 12°C) with a sweet odour, used (esp. formerly) as a refrigerant and in making tetraethyl lead.Formula: C2H5Cl.
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1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 325 Chloride of ethyl, or muriatic ether.]
1860 J. J. Griffin Chem. Recreations (ed. 10) ii. 146 (table) Name of gas. Ethyl Chloride.
1928 G. D. Turnbow & L. A. Raffetto Ice Cream xi. 337 In the small machines used in cooling iceless cabinets, methyl chloride and ethyl chloride are sometimes used.
2010 Mirror (Nexis) 9 Nov. 11 Found inside the bin bag,..a canister of ethyl chloride, taken to boost sexual pleasure, Walthamstow crown court was told.
ethyl ether n. diethyl ether; = ether n. 5a.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > ether > [noun]
ether1852
ethyl ether1852
1852 H. Watts in tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VII. 190 (note) It will be better, in the translation, to adopt the terms commonly used in English works, such terms being perfectly definite and intelligible: thus..C4H5O = common ether, vinic ether, or ethyl-ether.
1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 185 518 Two independent preparations of ethyl ether have been made use of in our observations on the viscosity of this substance.
1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) xi. 275 Ethyl ether for solvents and as an anæsthetic.
2009 Hawk Eye (Burlington, Iowa) (Nexis) 6 Sept. [He] has been charged in Henry County District court with four drug counts, including possession of ethyl ether.
ethyl fluid n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) an anti-knock petrol additive in which tetraethyl lead is the active ingredient and primary constituent; cf. sense 3.
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1923 San Antonio (Texas) Express 24 June 8 c In its newly discovered addition agent, Ethyl Fluid, General Motors believes that it has made an important contribution to the safety and comfort of the passenger.
1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) 338 (Gloss.) For this purpose, tetra ethyl lead is used in the form of ethyl fluid.
2010 A. C. Sutton Wall Street & Rise of Hitler 73 Ethyl fluid is an anti-knock compound used in both aviation and automobile fuels to eliminate knocking.
ethyl formate n. a volatile, fragrant liquid ester, used as a solvent.Systematic name: ethyl methanoate; HCOOC2H5.
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1853 D. Breed tr. C. Löwig Princ. Org. & Physiol. Chem. 86 Formate of ethyl.]
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxii. 285 Formamide... Obtained by acting on ethyl formate with ammonia.
1941 R. T. Cotton Insect Pests Stored Grain & Grain Products viii. 157 Ethyl formate..has a limited use for the fumigation of individual packages of dried fruit.
2010 Sci. News 117 28 Astronomers..reported detecting ethyl formate, which helps give raspberries their fruity flavor here on Earth.
ethylhydrocupreine n. (also ethylhydrocuprein) a compound related to quinine having bactericidal properties, used in bacteriology as a test for streptococci; cf. optochin n.Chemical name: 6′-ethoxy-10,11-dihydrocinchonan-9-ol; C21H28N2O2.
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1913 H. Thron & C. Freund U.S. Patent 1,062,203 2/2 We claim..the process of producing ethyl-hydrocupreine which comprises treating hydrocupreine with an ethylating agent.
1937 Sci. Monthly Aug. 105/2 The loss of vision, if only temporary,..made the use of ethylhydrocupreine in clinical medicine practically impossible.
2002 Clin. Infectious Dis. 34 1026/1 Pneumococci were identified by means of visual inspection for typical colony morphology, α-hemolysis, bile solubility testing, and susceptibility to ethylhydrocupreine (Optochin).
ethyl iodide n. [perhaps after German Aethyliodid (1843 or earlier; now usually Ethyliodid)] a colourless liquid with alkylating properties, made by heating ethanol with iodine in the presence of phosphorus.Formula: C2H5I.In quot. 1864: a compound of a metal with an ethyl radical and iodine.
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1843 R. Hare Compend. Course Chem. Instruct. (ed. 4) ii. 545 Iodide of ethyl..may be obtained by distilling alcohol, saturated with hydriodic acid gas.]
1864 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 27 117 Cahours represents an ethyl-iodide of aluminium by the formula Al2Et3I3.
1865 Proc. Royal Soc. 14 458 (heading) Action of sodium and ethyl iodide upon acetic ether.
1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. ix. 409 The absorption spectrum of ethyl iodide is continuous at wavelengths shorter than about 3000 Å.
2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ix. 242 Hofmann himself discovered in 1863 that treating aniline red with ethyl iodide produced a violet compound.
ethyl iodoacetate n. a toxic liquid used as an alkylating agent in chemical synthesis and (esp. in the First World War) as a tear gas.Chemical name: ethyl 2-iodoacetate; CH2I·COOC2H5.
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1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 541 When a mixture of ethyl iodide and ethyl iodoacetate is heated in sealed tubes at 130°, ethyl acetate, ethane, and ethylene iodide..are produced.
1919 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 11 833/2 0.02–4.02 [hours after zero] Ethyl iodoacetate. Four hours' slow bombardment to saturate battery positions.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 54 Then the Nine Years' War began in a.f. 141... Phosgene, chloropicrin, ethyl iodoacetate, diphenylcyanarsine, [etc.].
2007 Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 June 57 The presence of chloropicrin would turn the top a slight reddish colour; ethyl iodoacetate or bromobenzyl cyanide would show a marked red colouration.
ethylmorphine n. an opiate with properties similar to those of codeine, used mainly as a cough suppressant; cf. dionine n.An ethylated derivative of morphine. Formula: C19H23NO3.
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1883 Science 23 Feb. 75/2 Codethyline (ethyl morphine) was formed when ethyl iodide took part in this reaction.
1974 J. B. Finean et al. Membranes & Cellular Functions v. 74 Many drugs such as..ethylmorphine are initially effective in low doses but subsequently require higher doses to maintain therapeutic levels.
2011 Indian Express (Nexis) 23 Aug. Narcotic substances like Thebaine, Opium, Codeine, Ethylmorphine, Ketobemidone, Methadone and Morphine are also used for medicinal purposes.
ethyl nitrate n. a gas or volatile liquid (boiling point 17°C) which is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean and atmosphere; also called nitric ether.The ethyl ester of nitric acid; C2H5ONO2.
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1852 Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 4 431 On nitrate of ethyl: by A. Strecker. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxvii, 331.]
1867 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 3) III. 225 Nitric Ether, Ethyl Nitrate... Millon obtains this substance by gently heating a mixture of one volume of nitric acid..and two volumes of alcohol.
1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xi. 474 Nitration in alkaline media can be accomplished with esters of nitric acid such as ethyl nitrate.
2002 Science 16 Aug. 1151 Measurements of methyl and ethyl nitrate in seawater and air samples along two Atlantic Ocean transects provide the first direct evidence for an oceanic source of these compounds.
ethyl nitrite n. a volatile, sweet-tasting liquid, formerly used medicinally in ethanolic solution as a sudorific and diuretic; also called nitrous ether.The ethyl ester of nitrous acid; C2H5ON=O.
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1867 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 3) III. 225 (heading) Nitrous ether, or ethyl nitrite.
1944 R. W. Moncrieff Chem. Senses ix. 201 The corresponding esters of nitrous acid, methyl nitrite..and ethyl nitrite.., have powerful oppressive odours, but when dilute the latter resembles apples.
2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 5793/2 A Fisher Milligan (Springfield, NJ) gas washer containing ethyl nitrite in ethanol solution.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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