Etruscanadj.n.

Brit.

/ᵻˈtrʌsk(ə)n/, U.S.

/ᵻˈtrəskən/

Forms: 1500s–1700s Hetruscan, 1500s– Etruscan.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Etruscus , -an suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin Etruscus of or belonging to Etruria (see Etrurian n. and adj.) + -an suffix. With use as noun compare classical Latin Etruscus person from Etruria. Compare Etrurian n., Etrurian adj.Etrusci Etruscans (in form after the Latin nominative plural) occurs as an ethnonym in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist.:eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. iv. 41 Ær ðæm þe seo wol geendod wære, Ueigentes & Etrusci þa leode wið Romanum gewinn upahofon.

A. adj.

1. historical. Of or belonging to ancient Etruria (see Etrurian n.) or its inhabitants. Cf. Etrurian adj., Tyrrhenian adj.The Etruscan civilization was at its height c500 b.c. and was an important influence on the Romans, who had subdued the Etruscans by the end of the 3rd cent. b.c.

ΚΠ

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1102/1 I would to God the other as well folowed the example of that Hetruscan Tiraunt.

1634 F. Meres Wits Common Wealth 629 Noble Mecaenas that sprung from the Hetruscan Kings not only graced Poets by his bounty, but also by being a Poet himselfe.

1661 W. Howell Inst. Gen. Hist. ii. iv. 477 These [Celtae] got into their power all that Country once belonging to the Etruscans,..which reached from the Alps to both the Seas.

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 312 The Hetruscan inscription.

1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. Descr. Plates 498 An Etruscan Lyre, with seven strings, in the collection of Etruscan, Greek, and Roman Antiquities.

1846 H. W. Herbert Rom. Traitor II. xii. 130 The grotesque forms of the Etruscan household Gods appeared to gibber at him.

1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 17 His name was the old Etruscan name.

1927 Travel Nov. 15/2 If we may judge by these strangely carven figures, indolence and delight were apparently the lot of the Etruscan nobles in the next life.

1965 H. MacInnes Double Image (1967) i. 9 Craig wished he had just walked on and left the eminent Professor of Art and Archaeology formulating some new idea about Etruscan tombs.

2010 Searcher Feb. 27/3 These techniques of filigree and granulation were alien to the Iron Age world, but common in Greek, Etruscan and Roman gold-work.

2. Designating the language spoken by the Etruscans; of, relating to, or written in this language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [adjective] > others

Lycaonian1582

Etruscan1607

Basquish1612

Rhaeto-Etruscan1848

Sumerian1874

Sumerian1875

Mysian1884

Keftian1903

Subarian1923

Mapuche1961

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Bbbb4^v/1 Macrobius..draweth it [sc. widow] from the Hetruscan verb.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. 571 Vossius observes that the old Hetruscan language..hath almost all the sacred appellations from the Eastern tongues.

1728 Present State Republick Lett. 1 vi. 86 Some very antient monuments in the Etruscan and Pelagian language.

1764 Gentleman's & London Mag. Oct. 651/1 (heading) An account of some subterraneous Apartments, with Etruscan Inscriptions and Paintings.

1874 I. Taylor Etruscan Res. 224 The Etruscan matronymic suffix is occasionally -nal instead of -al.

1927 Travel Nov. 16/1 The Etruscan language is a mystery.

1968 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 72 383 In 1962, the department acquired a bronze helmet which..proved to be inscribed with letters of the Etruscan alphabet.

2013 H. Becker in J. M. Turfa Etruscan World xviii. 351 The Etruscan word for king was zilath.

3. Ceramics. Designating pottery ornamented in encaustic designs and typically made of black basalt (basalt n. 2), produced by Josiah Wedgwood and his followers in imitation of that discovered in ancient Etruscan tombs.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > English pottery > by Wedgwood > types of

queen's ware1767

Etruscan1768

pebble1768

rosso antico1776

1768 J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 69 Mr Cox is as mad as a march Hare for Etruscan Vases.

1820 La Belle Assemblée Aug. 68/1 Every chimney-piece in my house was decorated with Wedgewood's Etruscan ware and Worcester china.

1875 E. Meteyard Wedgwood Handbk. 264 The body used for the larger portion of the Etruscan painted vases was basaltes.

1961 P. Gunn Naples vi. 149 The ‘Etruscan’ pottery of Josiah Wedgwood..derived greatly from these discoveries near Naples.

2008 B. Dolan J. Wedgwood xxii. 265 Perhaps, he thought, after Etruscan ware grew stale, he would produce figures after Raphael.

4. Bookbinding. Designating a style of binding in which calfskin covers are decorated, by means of acid staining, with designs characteristic of classical antiquity; (of a book or its ornamentation) bound or done in this style.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [adjective]

full-bound1705

super-extra1774

half-bound1775

Etruscan1792

antique1794

Russia-bound1808

vellum-bound1836

vellum-covered1836

quarter-bound1842

cloth-bound1860

limp1863

cottage1874

monastic1880

parchment-bound1881

yapped1882

all along1888

Grolieresque1889

Maioli1890

perfect1890

treed calf1892

Lyonnais1893

hardback1894

dos-à-dos1952

perfect bound1960

spiral-bound1961

spiral1977

1792 B. White et al. Catal. Coll. Bks. in Every Lang. 335 Most elegantly bound, with Etruscan borders.

1807 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. (ed. 5) I. 11 He shows me fine Editions, gold leaves, Etruscan bindings, &c.

1893 S. T. Prideaux Hist. Sketch Bookbinding i. 134 John Whitaker initiated the style termed Etruscan, in which designs from the decoration of Etruscan vases were copied in colours.

1907 C. Davenport Book viii. 201 Such books are known as ‘Etruscan’, because many of the designs are of classical feeling.

2003 M. A. Drake Encycl. Libr. & Information Sci. (ed. 2) I. 339/2 Most of the Etruscan bindings have a classical urn in the center surrounded by Greek palmated leaves and outer borders reminiscent of Hellenic entablature.

B. n. historical.

1. A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; a member of the Etruscan people. Cf. Etrurian n., Tyrrhenian n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Italians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Italy > parts of

Lombard1377

Etrurian1546

Etruscan1563

Ligurian1601

Umbrian1601

Apulian1607

Calabrian1615

Tuscana1640

Piedmontese1647

Romagnese1762

Romagnol1768

Romagnan1832

Romagnola1845

Emilian1893

transpadane1896

Friulian1959

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1102/1 (margin) Bonner more cruell then Porsena the Hetruscan.

1573 T. Twyne in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos x. Argt. sig. Dd^v Mezentius..entreth the battle, and sleyth many both Troians and Etruscans.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiv. 180 Horatius Cocles..made good the bridge ouer Tyber against the Hetruscans.

1690 W. Temple Ess. Heroick Virtue in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. (ed. 2) 151 By the Original Latins or Hetruscans, to Janus, who introduced Agriculture into Italy.

1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 322 It will follow, that the Romans borrowed the monogrammatic way of writing rather from the Etruscans than the Greeks.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 44 The Etruscans, a separate race, whose origin is still quite uncertain.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth of Lang. xiii. 266 When the Etruscans were Latinized,..their speech passed out of all reach of knowledge.

1917 H. Webster European Hist. vii. 143 The last of Rome's seven kings was an Etruscan named Tarquin the Proud.

1948 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) xvii. 729 The Etruscans and the Carthaginians..were slow in taking up coinage.

2007 V. Smith Clean iv. 109 This new expertise in heating and hydraulic technology led to the old small half-baths of the Etruscans being replaced by large communal pools.

2. The ancient language spoken by the Etruscans.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others

Eteocretan?1615

Etruscan1768

Akkadian1856

Sumerian1873

Lycaonian1893

Gilyak1913

Subarian1926

Carian1933

Mysian1939

Mapuche1941

Cappadocian1954

1768 J. Cleland Specimen Etimol. Vocab. Antient Celtic 91 In the Etruscan, he was called Apulu.

1773 J. Burnet Origin & Progress Lang. I. i. xi. 400 Of the affinity betwixt..the Latin and Hetruscan.

1839 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 61 The inscriptions in Etruscan are hardly any better known, than when the monuments that bear them were first discovered.

1886 R. Ellis Sources Etruscan & Basque Langs. 65 There is scarcely a sentence of Etruscan that can be interpreted, except by guess-work that leads to nothing.

1927 Travel Nov. 16/1 Many Romans spoke Etruscan as we speak French.

1965 Illustr. London News 13 Feb. 22/3 Three thin rectangular sheets of gold leaf... One of them is inscribed in Phoenician, the other two in Etruscan.

2006 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (Nexis) 1 Apr. 279 Lemnian appears to be not just a dialect of Etruscan but a separate and related language.

†3. A piece of the Etruscan pottery produced by Wedgwood (see sense A. 3). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1768 J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 235 Somebody must take care of the Etruscans & prepare vessels of honor at home.

1769 J. Wedgwood Let. 6 Feb. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 70 Three vases, one of them the large blue.., the other two Etruscans at a Guinea each.

Compounds

Etruscan gold n. gold alloy with a slightly frosted appearance; a decorative finish resembling this.

ΚΠ

1859 N.Y. Herald 6 Sept. 5/6 (advt.) Etruscan gold watches for ladies.

1869 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 7 Jan. Mrs. Stover was attired in a heavy black silk trimmed with black bugles..; jewelry, etruscan gold, and white gloves.

2005 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 27 Oct. f9 These pieces are hugely popular in finishes ranging from Etruscan gold to antique pewter and with different coloured crystals and styles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	etruscan
释义	Etruscanadj.n. Brit. /ᵻˈtrʌsk(ə)n/, U.S. /ᵻˈtrəskən/ Forms: 1500s–1700s Hetruscan, 1500s– Etruscan. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Etruscus , -an suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin Etruscus of or belonging to Etruria (see Etrurian n. and adj.) + -an suffix. With use as noun compare classical Latin Etruscus person from Etruria. Compare Etrurian n., Etrurian adj.Etrusci Etruscans (in form after the Latin nominative plural) occurs as an ethnonym in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist.:eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. iv. 41 Ær ðæm þe seo wol geendod wære, Ueigentes & Etrusci þa leode wið Romanum gewinn upahofon. A. adj. 1. historical. Of or belonging to ancient Etruria (see Etrurian n.) or its inhabitants. Cf. Etrurian adj., Tyrrhenian adj.The Etruscan civilization was at its height c500 b.c. and was an important influence on the Romans, who had subdued the Etruscans by the end of the 3rd cent. b.c. ΚΠ 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1102/1 I would to God the other as well folowed the example of that Hetruscan Tiraunt. 1634 F. Meres Wits Common Wealth 629 Noble Mecaenas that sprung from the Hetruscan Kings not only graced Poets by his bounty, but also by being a Poet himselfe. 1661 W. Howell Inst. Gen. Hist. ii. iv. 477 These [Celtae] got into their power all that Country once belonging to the Etruscans,..which reached from the Alps to both the Seas. 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 312 The Hetruscan inscription. 1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. Descr. Plates 498 An Etruscan Lyre, with seven strings, in the collection of Etruscan, Greek, and Roman Antiquities. 1846 H. W. Herbert Rom. Traitor II. xii. 130 The grotesque forms of the Etruscan household Gods appeared to gibber at him. 1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 17 His name was the old Etruscan name. 1927 Travel Nov. 15/2 If we may judge by these strangely carven figures, indolence and delight were apparently the lot of the Etruscan nobles in the next life. 1965 H. MacInnes Double Image (1967) i. 9 Craig wished he had just walked on and left the eminent Professor of Art and Archaeology formulating some new idea about Etruscan tombs. 2010 Searcher Feb. 27/3 These techniques of filigree and granulation were alien to the Iron Age world, but common in Greek, Etruscan and Roman gold-work. 2. Designating the language spoken by the Etruscans; of, relating to, or written in this language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [adjective] > others Lycaonian1582 Etruscan1607 Basquish1612 Rhaeto-Etruscan1848 Sumerian1874 Sumerian1875 Mysian1884 Keftian1903 Subarian1923 Mapuche1961 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Bbbb4^v/1 Macrobius..draweth it [sc. widow] from the Hetruscan verb. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. 571 Vossius observes that the old Hetruscan language..hath almost all the sacred appellations from the Eastern tongues. 1728 Present State Republick Lett. 1 vi. 86 Some very antient monuments in the Etruscan and Pelagian language. 1764 Gentleman's & London Mag. Oct. 651/1 (heading) An account of some subterraneous Apartments, with Etruscan Inscriptions and Paintings. 1874 I. Taylor Etruscan Res. 224 The Etruscan matronymic suffix is occasionally -nal instead of -al. 1927 Travel Nov. 16/1 The Etruscan language is a mystery. 1968 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 72 383 In 1962, the department acquired a bronze helmet which..proved to be inscribed with letters of the Etruscan alphabet. 2013 H. Becker in J. M. Turfa Etruscan World xviii. 351 The Etruscan word for king was zilath. 3. Ceramics. Designating pottery ornamented in encaustic designs and typically made of black basalt (basalt n. 2), produced by Josiah Wedgwood and his followers in imitation of that discovered in ancient Etruscan tombs. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > English pottery > by Wedgwood > types of queen's ware1767 Etruscan1768 pebble1768 rosso antico1776 1768 J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 69 Mr Cox is as mad as a march Hare for Etruscan Vases. 1820 La Belle Assemblée Aug. 68/1 Every chimney-piece in my house was decorated with Wedgewood's Etruscan ware and Worcester china. 1875 E. Meteyard Wedgwood Handbk. 264 The body used for the larger portion of the Etruscan painted vases was basaltes. 1961 P. Gunn Naples vi. 149 The ‘Etruscan’ pottery of Josiah Wedgwood..derived greatly from these discoveries near Naples. 2008 B. Dolan J. Wedgwood xxii. 265 Perhaps, he thought, after Etruscan ware grew stale, he would produce figures after Raphael. 4. Bookbinding. Designating a style of binding in which calfskin covers are decorated, by means of acid staining, with designs characteristic of classical antiquity; (of a book or its ornamentation) bound or done in this style. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [adjective] full-bound1705 super-extra1774 half-bound1775 Etruscan1792 antique1794 Russia-bound1808 vellum-bound1836 vellum-covered1836 quarter-bound1842 cloth-bound1860 limp1863 cottage1874 monastic1880 parchment-bound1881 yapped1882 all along1888 Grolieresque1889 Maioli1890 perfect1890 treed calf1892 Lyonnais1893 hardback1894 dos-à-dos1952 perfect bound1960 spiral-bound1961 spiral1977 1792 B. White et al. Catal. Coll. Bks. in Every Lang. 335 Most elegantly bound, with Etruscan borders. 1807 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. (ed. 5) I. 11 He shows me fine Editions, gold leaves, Etruscan bindings, &c. 1893 S. T. Prideaux Hist. Sketch Bookbinding i. 134 John Whitaker initiated the style termed Etruscan, in which designs from the decoration of Etruscan vases were copied in colours. 1907 C. Davenport Book viii. 201 Such books are known as ‘Etruscan’, because many of the designs are of classical feeling. 2003 M. A. Drake Encycl. Libr. & Information Sci. (ed. 2) I. 339/2 Most of the Etruscan bindings have a classical urn in the center surrounded by Greek palmated leaves and outer borders reminiscent of Hellenic entablature. B. n. historical. 1. A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; a member of the Etruscan people. Cf. Etrurian n., Tyrrhenian n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Italians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Italy > parts of Lombard1377 Etrurian1546 Etruscan1563 Ligurian1601 Umbrian1601 Apulian1607 Calabrian1615 Tuscana1640 Piedmontese1647 Romagnese1762 Romagnol1768 Romagnan1832 Romagnola1845 Emilian1893 transpadane1896 Friulian1959 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1102/1 (margin) Bonner more cruell then Porsena the Hetruscan. 1573 T. Twyne in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos x. Argt. sig. Dd^v Mezentius..entreth the battle, and sleyth many both Troians and Etruscans. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiv. 180 Horatius Cocles..made good the bridge ouer Tyber against the Hetruscans. 1690 W. Temple Ess. Heroick Virtue in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. (ed. 2) 151 By the Original Latins or Hetruscans, to Janus, who introduced Agriculture into Italy. 1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 322 It will follow, that the Romans borrowed the monogrammatic way of writing rather from the Etruscans than the Greeks. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 44 The Etruscans, a separate race, whose origin is still quite uncertain. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth of Lang. xiii. 266 When the Etruscans were Latinized,..their speech passed out of all reach of knowledge. 1917 H. Webster European Hist. vii. 143 The last of Rome's seven kings was an Etruscan named Tarquin the Proud. 1948 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) xvii. 729 The Etruscans and the Carthaginians..were slow in taking up coinage. 2007 V. Smith Clean iv. 109 This new expertise in heating and hydraulic technology led to the old small half-baths of the Etruscans being replaced by large communal pools. 2. The ancient language spoken by the Etruscans. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others Eteocretan?1615 Etruscan1768 Akkadian1856 Sumerian1873 Lycaonian1893 Gilyak1913 Subarian1926 Carian1933 Mysian1939 Mapuche1941 Cappadocian1954 1768 J. Cleland Specimen Etimol. Vocab. Antient Celtic 91 In the Etruscan, he was called Apulu. 1773 J. Burnet Origin & Progress Lang. I. i. xi. 400 Of the affinity betwixt..the Latin and Hetruscan. 1839 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 61 The inscriptions in Etruscan are hardly any better known, than when the monuments that bear them were first discovered. 1886 R. Ellis Sources Etruscan & Basque Langs. 65 There is scarcely a sentence of Etruscan that can be interpreted, except by guess-work that leads to nothing. 1927 Travel Nov. 16/1 Many Romans spoke Etruscan as we speak French. 1965 Illustr. London News 13 Feb. 22/3 Three thin rectangular sheets of gold leaf... One of them is inscribed in Phoenician, the other two in Etruscan. 2006 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (Nexis) 1 Apr. 279 Lemnian appears to be not just a dialect of Etruscan but a separate and related language. †3. A piece of the Etruscan pottery produced by Wedgwood (see sense A. 3). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1768 J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 235 Somebody must take care of the Etruscans & prepare vessels of honor at home. 1769 J. Wedgwood Let. 6 Feb. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 70 Three vases, one of them the large blue.., the other two Etruscans at a Guinea each. Compounds Etruscan gold n. gold alloy with a slightly frosted appearance; a decorative finish resembling this. ΚΠ 1859 N.Y. Herald 6 Sept. 5/6 (advt.) Etruscan gold watches for ladies. 1869 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 7 Jan. Mrs. Stover was attired in a heavy black silk trimmed with black bugles..; jewelry, etruscan gold, and white gloves. 2005 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 27 Oct. f9 These pieces are hugely popular in finishes ranging from Etruscan gold to antique pewter and with different coloured crystals and styles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1563
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