-wayscomb. form

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element.

Forms: early Middle English -weiis, early Middle English -weis, Middle English -waiez, Middle English -wayez, Middle English -wayse, Middle English -weies, Middle English -wes, Middle English -weyes, Middle English -weys, Middle English -weyse, Middle English–1600s -waies, Middle English–1700s -wais, Middle English–1600s -wayes, Middle English– -ways; Scottish pre-1700 -uaies, pre-1700 -uayes, pre-1700 -uayis, pre-1700 -ueyis, pre-1700 -vaies, pre-1700 -vais, pre-1700 -vayes, pre-1700 -vayis, pre-1700 -vays, pre-1700 -waies, pre-1700 -wais, pre-1700 -waise, pre-1700 -wayes, pre-1700 -wayis, pre-1700 -wayse, pre-1700 -waysse, pre-1700 -weyis, pre-1700 1700s– -ways, 1900s– -weys.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: way n.¹, -s suffix¹.

Etymology: < way n.¹ + -s suffix¹ (compare way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 3a). Formations are often paralleled by a corresponding (and usually later) adverb in -way comb. form and (in later use) also sometimes by a corresponding adverb in -wise comb. form. (always adv. is perhaps a special case in that it is attested later than alway adv. and may at least partly derive from it.)Originally as the second element of an adverbial noun phrase with both elements in the genitive singular (compare way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 3a); as such it is occasionally attested in more literal uses of way n.¹ in the Old English period, viz. with reference to routes (compare especially ōðres weges by another route) or with reference to direction (compare ānes weges in one direction). In more figurative uses (with reference to manner, means, or ways of acting) it is found in early Middle English (compare e.g. α. forms at anyways adv., α. forms at noneways adv., and α. forms at always adv.). The use as a combining form (with uninflected first element) developed from this (13th cent. in otherways adv., but chiefly from the 14th cent. onwards); compare the discussion at -s suffix¹. Formations with a descriptive adjective as first element (see sense 1a) are found from the early 16th cent. (in e.g. longways adv., straightways adv. 1). The earliest formation with a noun as first element (see sense 1b) occurs in northern Middle English and Older Scots (see needways adv.); subsequently such formations (usually with a first element expressing direction) are found from the second half of the 16th cent. onwards (compare e.g. sideways adv., pileways adv., lengthways adv.). Occasional uses of such adverb formations as adjectives (see sense 2) first appear at an early date (13th cent. in otherways adj.), but subsequently not until the 17th cent. (compare e.g. sideways adj.). An isolated example of an original adjective formation (also from the 17th cent.) is paleways adj. The association with -wise comb. form was probably reinforced by Johnson's claim (s.v. Way) that ‘way and ways are often used corruptly for -wise’, which probably led to forms in -wise being preferred over their equivalents in -ways or -way on the grounds of supposed correctness. N.E.D. sometimes treated formations of these types in the same entry.

1. As a terminal element of adverbs (originally a use of the genitive of way n.¹).

a. In adverbs deriving from noun phrases of way n.¹ (originally in the genitive) used adverbially, referring to the manner in which something is done, or (less often) the direction or orientation of something. Chiefly in cases where way is modified by a determiner (e.g. always adv., noways adv., someways adv.), but later also with descriptive adjectives (e.g. crossways adv., longways adv.).

b. In compounds in which the first element is a noun, as edge-ways adv., lengthways adv., sideways adv., typically referring to the direction or orientation of something.

2. As a terminal element of adjectives, typically arising from functional shift in the use of the corresponding adverb, e.g. otherways adj., paleways adj., sideways adj.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	-ways
释义	-wayscomb. form Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element. Forms: early Middle English -weiis, early Middle English -weis, Middle English -waiez, Middle English -wayez, Middle English -wayse, Middle English -weies, Middle English -wes, Middle English -weyes, Middle English -weys, Middle English -weyse, Middle English–1600s -waies, Middle English–1700s -wais, Middle English–1600s -wayes, Middle English– -ways; Scottish pre-1700 -uaies, pre-1700 -uayes, pre-1700 -uayis, pre-1700 -ueyis, pre-1700 -vaies, pre-1700 -vais, pre-1700 -vayes, pre-1700 -vayis, pre-1700 -vays, pre-1700 -waies, pre-1700 -wais, pre-1700 -waise, pre-1700 -wayes, pre-1700 -wayis, pre-1700 -wayse, pre-1700 -waysse, pre-1700 -weyis, pre-1700 1700s– -ways, 1900s– -weys. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: way n.¹, -s suffix¹. Etymology: < way n.¹ + -s suffix¹ (compare way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 3a). Formations are often paralleled by a corresponding (and usually later) adverb in -way comb. form and (in later use) also sometimes by a corresponding adverb in -wise comb. form. (always adv. is perhaps a special case in that it is attested later than alway adv. and may at least partly derive from it.)Originally as the second element of an adverbial noun phrase with both elements in the genitive singular (compare way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 3a); as such it is occasionally attested in more literal uses of way n.¹ in the Old English period, viz. with reference to routes (compare especially ōðres weges by another route) or with reference to direction (compare ānes weges in one direction). In more figurative uses (with reference to manner, means, or ways of acting) it is found in early Middle English (compare e.g. α. forms at anyways adv., α. forms at noneways adv., and α. forms at always adv.). The use as a combining form (with uninflected first element) developed from this (13th cent. in otherways adv., but chiefly from the 14th cent. onwards); compare the discussion at -s suffix¹. Formations with a descriptive adjective as first element (see sense 1a) are found from the early 16th cent. (in e.g. longways adv., straightways adv. 1). The earliest formation with a noun as first element (see sense 1b) occurs in northern Middle English and Older Scots (see needways adv.); subsequently such formations (usually with a first element expressing direction) are found from the second half of the 16th cent. onwards (compare e.g. sideways adv., pileways adv., lengthways adv.). Occasional uses of such adverb formations as adjectives (see sense 2) first appear at an early date (13th cent. in otherways adj.), but subsequently not until the 17th cent. (compare e.g. sideways adj.). An isolated example of an original adjective formation (also from the 17th cent.) is paleways adj. The association with -wise comb. form was probably reinforced by Johnson's claim (s.v. Way) that ‘way and ways are often used corruptly for -wise’, which probably led to forms in -wise being preferred over their equivalents in -ways or -way on the grounds of supposed correctness. N.E.D. sometimes treated formations of these types in the same entry. 1. As a terminal element of adverbs (originally a use of the genitive of way n.¹). a. In adverbs deriving from noun phrases of way n.¹ (originally in the genitive) used adverbially, referring to the manner in which something is done, or (less often) the direction or orientation of something. Chiefly in cases where way is modified by a determiner (e.g. always adv., noways adv., someways adv.), but later also with descriptive adjectives (e.g. crossways adv., longways adv.). b. In compounds in which the first element is a noun, as edge-ways adv., lengthways adv., sideways adv., typically referring to the direction or orientation of something. 2. As a terminal element of adjectives, typically arising from functional shift in the use of the corresponding adverb, e.g. otherways adj., paleways adj., sideways adj. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < comb. form
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