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单词 examine
释义

examinen.

Brit. /ɛɡˈzeɪmᵻn/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzeɪmən/, /ɛɡˈzeɪmən/, Scottish English /ɛɡˈzemɪn/, /ɛɡˈzɛmɪn/
Forms: 1600s examine; Scottish pre-1700 examyn, pre-1700 1700s– examine, 1800s exemmin, 1800s–1900s examin', 1800s– exaemin, 1900s– examin.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: examine v.; Latin exāmin-, exāmen.
Etymology: Probably partly < examine v., and partly < classical Latin exāmin-, exāmen examen n. Compare earlier examination n., examining n.
Originally and chiefly Scottish. Now historical and rare.
The action or an act of examining a person or thing; spec. (esp. in the Presbyterian Church) a clergyman's examination of his parishioners on their knowledge of the catechism, conducted in preparation for the celebration of the Eucharist. Cf. examinable adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > close examination, scrutiny > [noun]
examininga1325
examinationa1450
examine1494
examen1502
scanning1560
scrutation1593
scrutiny1604
pervestigation1610
microscope1671
introspectiona1676
scan1706
bolting1771
conning1823
grubbing1831
vivisection1880
searchlight1891
1494 Loutfut MS f. 47, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Examine Off the examyn of the squyer that will enter in the ordre of cheualry.
1606 R. Broughton Iust Answer Discouery Romish Doctr. x. sig. N The examine of such things we intreate may be left to God.
1631 I. Craven Gods Tribunall 14 Vpon a second examine it may seeme to be personall.
1662 J. Lamont Diary 21 Sept. (1830) 155 Diuers persons were debarred att this tyme, both for ignorance, and being absent from the dyetts of examine.
1747 W. M. Mansfield (title) The thistle: a dispassionate examine of the prejudice of Englishmen in general to the Scotch nation.
a1779 D. Graham Coll. Writings (1883) II. 30 He answered the questions at the examine, better nor any other fouks.
1822 J. Galt Provost xii. 93 The black and yellow man..was brought up the street between two of the town-officers, to stand an examine before Bailie Booble.
1885 A. Edgar Old Church Life Scotl. 124 (note) It may be presumed that the examine roll was very carefully made up by the minister.
1913 J. Service Memorables Robin Cummell 36 The Dalry minister..speered at him why he never cam to the Examin'.
1974 Liturg. Rev. 1 47 The order of procedure was the preparation of the communicants first by an examine.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

examinev.

Brit. /ᵻɡˈzamᵻn/, /ɛɡˈzamᵻn/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzæmən/, /ɛɡˈzæmən/
Forms: Middle English examini (south-eastern), Middle English exammæn (in a late copy), Middle English examne, Middle English exampne, Middle English–1600s examen, Middle English–1600s examyn, Middle English–1600s examyne, Middle English– examine, 1500s examinyenyd (past participle, transmission error), 1500s exammyne, 1500s examoine, 1500s examone, 1500s–1600s exammine, 1500s–1700s examin, 1600s examineing (present participle), 1600s exammin, 1600s excamened (past participle, transmission error), 1600s exemine; also Scottish pre-1700 exam'ne, pre-1700 examin, pre-1700 examyn, pre-1700 exemen, pre-1700 exemin, pre-1700 exemne, pre-1700 exempne.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French examiner; Latin exāmināre.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French examiner (French examiner ) to investigate, analyse (a subject, proposition, etc.) (c1240 in Old French), to question (a person) formally, often under torture (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier), to check or audit (financial accounts) (c1406 or earlier), to scrutinize (a person or thing) (early 15th cent. or earlier), to test (a person) on his or her knowledge, skill, or competence (a1430 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin exāmināre to weigh, balance, to consider critically, in post-classical Latin also (of God) to try, judge (Vulgate), to try by ordeal or single combat (9th cent.; 12th cent. in British sources), to assay (12th cent. in a British source), to question (a person) (from 12th cent. in British sources), to hear in an academic examination (13th cent. with reference to the University of Paris; from 14th cent. in British sources) < exāmen examen n. Compare earlier examination n. and later exame v., examinate v.Compare Old Occitan essaminar (14th cent.), Catalan examinar (13th cent.), Spanish examinar (mid 13th cent.), Portuguese examinar (13th cent.), Italian esaminare (second half of the 13th cent.); also Old Frisian examinēria , Middle Dutch examinēren (Dutch examineren ), Middle Low German examinēren , German examinieren (second half of the 14th cent. as examiniren ). With use in sense 2 compare Middle French, French examiner (beginning of the 15th cent. in this sense).
†1.
a. transitive. To judge or appraise according to a standard or criterion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > according to rule or standard
meteeOE
examine1340
puta1382
measurec1384
scan?c1550
cantle1603
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 137 He nele naȝt lete ne smal ne grat þet ne ssel by examened and y-zed and y-demd ine þe cort of merci.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 210 (MED) Þei schewed me a boke þat my boke was examynde by.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Thess. v. 21 Examen all thynges and kepe that which is good.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie E 333 Dooe you not examine or measure such things as be doone at Lacedemon, according to your lawes and ordinances?
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxvi. 2 Examine me, O Lord, and proue me; try my reines and my heart. View more context for this quotation
1690 Def. Rights & Priviledges Univ. Oxf. Pref. sig. *3v Examin'd by the unequal standard of the immunities of mean Corporations.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 267. 183 I shall therefore examine it by the rules of epic poetry, and see whether it falls short of the Iliad.
b. transitive. To test the composition or quality of (a metal or ore) by melting it in a furnace, crucible, etc. Also: to refine or purify (a metal) by fire. Chiefly (and earliest) in figurative contexts with reference to the testing or purifying of the soul, deeds, etc.; esp. in to examine by (also in) fire. Obsolete.Also with fire as subject.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)]
fandc893
costeneOE
afondOE
provea1200
fraista1300
assay1330
sayc1330
try1362
approvec1380
examinea1382
winnowa1382
tempt1382
tastea1400
assailc1405
essay1484
scryc1615
sensea1688
test1748
trial1981
dogfood1997
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > test
examinea1382
assayc1440
touch1469
testa1616
essay1695
standard1734
ensay1740
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings xxii. 31 Þe speche of þe lord examyned [L. examinatum] bi fijr.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 11 (MED) Þis fuyre schal examyne [L. examinabit] and serche alle men dedes.
1494 W. Hilton Scala Perfeccionis (de Worde) ii. xxviii. sig. nvii Suffreth it [sc. the sowle]..to be well examyned thorugh ghostly trybulacyons that all the ruste of vnclennes mighte be brente oute of it.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xi. §7. 44 Syluyre examynd [L. probatum] in fire.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvi. §4. 55 In fire thou examynd [L. examinasti] me.
1606 W. Middleton Papisto-mastix xii. 78 This saluation is not without punishment, he said not, he shall be saued by fire, as if by his merite he should remaine vnburned, being examined by fire.
1659 T. White Middle State Souls xxvii. 250 We are to pray for the Dead... Their works are to be examined by fire in the day of Judgment, and accordingly remunerated.
c. transitive. To try, judge (an accused person). Obsolete except as merged in sense 6a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > try or hear person
examine?a1425
try1538
adjudgea1578
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 60 And þere was oure lord examyned in the nyght & scourged & smyten.
?a1500 (a1471) Brut (Lyell) in J. S. Davies Eng. Chron. (1856) 10 (MED) Yf thou..were wel examned, thou hast do more ayens the kyng than I.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts iv. 9 Yf we..are examined [so 1611] of the good dede done to the sycke man.
1600 L. Lewkenor tr. A. de Torquemada Spanish Mandeuile iii. f. 85v Shee was taken, examined, found guilty & punished according to her desert.
1729 J. Disney View Anc. Laws iii. 229 They should never after be put to their Oaths; but be examined by Ordeal.
2. transitive. To reflect on and morally evaluate (one's thoughts, conduct, motives, etc.); to inspect rigorously (one's soul, conscience, etc.) in order to identify one's sins and failings, esp. (chiefly Roman Catholic Church) as a daily devotional exercise or in preparation for the sacrament of penance. Frequently in to examine one's conscience; cf. examination n. 2, examen n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > introspection > direct inwards [verb (transitive)] > examine one's soul
examine1340
to search outa1382
searcha1400
soul-search1946
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 153 He ssel..wel examini his þoȝtes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xi. 28 Let a man..examen him silfe and so let him eate of the breed and drynke of the cup.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 271 Nay mocke not..examine your conscience . View more context for this quotation
1627 H. Mason (title) The Tribunall of the Conscience: or, a Treatise of Examination; shewing..how a Christian should examine his Conscience.
1687 W. Wake Prepar. for Death Introd. 26 We ought..before it be too late, to examine our Souls, and provide for futurity.
1745 J. Mason Self-knowl. i. i. 6 With what..Care we are to..examine ourselves..in order to acquire this important Self-Science.
1782 Ld. Macartney Let. 1 Oct. in Private Corr. (1950) 64 When I receive your letters I examine myself and my past actions narrowly.
1833 Teacher's Gift to his Pupils viii. 50 Examine your conduct every night, and try to discover your motives.
1861 tr. A. Rodriguez Pract. Christian & Relig. Perfection I. vii. x. 381 If you think it too great a subjection to examine yourself every hour of the day, [etc.].
1933 A. White Frost in May iv. 120 She examined her conscience minutely every night, and made passionate acts of contrition for every fault.
1991 M. Dorris & L. Erdrich Crown of Columbus xx. 334 I examined my conscience, tabulated my crimes: pride, deceit, pride again.
2009 R. E. Goldman Luck by Design iii. 67 Any time you interact with another person, examine your heart and examine your motives.
3.
a. transitive. To seek understanding or knowledge of (a subject, situation, etc.) through careful consideration or critical discussion; to inquire into the truth or falsehood of (a proposition, statement, etc.); to investigate, analyse, study.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)]
underseekc897
speerc900
lookeOE
askOE
seeOE
teem witnessc1200
seeka1300
fand13..
inquirec1300
undergoc1315
visit1338
pursuea1382
searcha1382
examinec1384
assay1387
ensearchc1400
vesteyea1425
to have in waitc1440
perpend1447
to bring witnessc1475
vey1512
investigate?1520
recounta1530
to call into (also in) question1534
finger1546
rip1549
sight1556
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
require1563
descry?1567
sound1579
question1590
resolve1593
surview1601
undersearch1609
sift1611
disquire1621
indagate1623
inspect1623
pierce1640
shrive1647
in-looka1649
probe1649
incern1656
quaeritate1657
inquisite1674
reconnoitre1740
explore1774
to bring to book1786
look-see1867
scrutate1882
to shake down1915
sleuth1939
screen1942
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > examination by discussion > examine by discussion [verb (transitive)]
examinec1384
discussa1400
discutea1475
canvass1530
ventilate?1530
to go through ——1535
touta1568
dissert1623
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] > discuss critically
examinec1384
peruse?1520
criticize1621
critize1631
criticize1660
critic1697
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. i. 34 The kyng byholdynge and diligently examyninge [L. examinans] the thing, made a temple to hym.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 293 (MED) Bot, fader, upon myn acompte, Which ye be sett to examine Of Schrifte after the discipline, Sey what your beste conseil is.
c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 290 Examyne here proues.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 19 Thys thyng of socrates semyth to me somewhat straung..let us a lytyl examyn thys.
1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church vii. 79 If seposing a litle the names of men, wee examine the grounds of both interpretations.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 69 If you would take the paines but to examine the Warres of Pompey the Great. View more context for this quotation
1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Happy Life ii. 10 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) It examines all the Circumstances of Time.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A3v Few Men..have Talents or Opportunities for examining so copious a Subject.
1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 235 We shall examine this theory afterwards.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 632 I should think it want of reliance on my Creator if I examined the question further.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 170 The plea which we are examining..would have to be expressed in this way.
1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) xvi. 259 When all these considerations are taken into account..it becomes possible to examine the problem mentioned at the beginning of this section.
1960 Aeroplane 98 496/1 The authors examine various statements which have been made by U.S. military leaders on the merits of arching ballistic missiles.
2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xi. 188 Other studies have examined the impact of massage therapy on anxiety.
b. transitive. With interrogative clause as object: to consider or investigate (whether, what, why, etc.).Compare earlier quot. a1400 at sense 5a in same construction.
ΚΠ
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Di God prouideth vs, what we be, and..examineth howe moche we profyte in grace.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. viii. 67 Men will not bend their wits to examine, whether things..be good or euill.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xv. 465 They had searchers to examine if they did employ themselves in these workes, and to punish the negligent.
1679 J. Whitehall Leviathan Found Out 33 The Judges..would first examin whether that precedent was agreeable to the Law of this Nation.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 399 It was time to examin how he had lost those Priviledges.
1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 195 To examine whether there might not be other first principles.
1846 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 9 July You will have to examine whether this mode of pacification may be at any time practicable.
1889 J. A. Longridge Internal Ballistics 16 It may be well to examine what would be the effect ballistically.
1939 F. W. Powell Control Federal Expenditures 61 He wished gentlemen to examine whether the other arguments did not preponderate in favor of a single administration.
1989 Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. We will immediately examine how it happened.
2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 7 Sept. 86/2 He once wrote a paper that examined why climbers have a poor memory for pain.
c. intransitive. To make inquiries, carry out investigations; to inquire into something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]
inquirec1330
aska1382
ensearch1382
questiona1500
investigate?1520
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
perpend1568
mouse1575
rake1603
undergo1605
fathom1607
ravel1618
examine1628
inquisition1644
to cast abouta1676
inspect1703
sound1793
disquisitea1823
look-see1862
to cast about one1867
1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 72 At the first sight all is well, but farther examine, you shall finde them wise on the one side, and fooles on the other.
a1652 C. Goad Refreshing Drops (1653) 156 Tis good to enquire and examine into the root of all manner of evil that is amongst us.
1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 167 They..rarely ever examin into the true Motive.
1763 St. James's Mag. 1 Feb. 382 Read their works, examine fair,—Shew me invention, fancy there.
1799 Monthly Rev. Aug. 395 We have had many opportunities of examining into the great and original merits of our countryman, Hogarth.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park II. ii. 35 He had to..see his steward and his bailiff—to examine and compute. View more context for this quotation
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 46/1 Authority is given to the court..to examine in a summary manner into any offence.
1869 M. Arnold Culture & Anarchy 250 To examine into the nature of real good.
1916 K. Burke Let. 1 May in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 23 I dare to examine into the very rottenest spots of the human soul.
1993 J. J. Fay Encycl. Security Managem. 774 Because zero-base budgeting generates new ideas, managers spend more time examining, discussing, and deciding.
4.
a. transitive. To investigate the nature or condition of (a person or thing) by visual or physical inspection; to scrutinize. Sometimes: spec. to check for defects, faults, etc. Also occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > close examination, scrutiny > scrutinize [verb (transitive)]
through-seekOE
gropea1250
to search outa1382
ensearch1382
boltc1386
examinea1387
ransackc1390
ripea1400
search1409
overreach?a1425
considerc1425
perquirec1460
examec1480
peruse?1520
grounda1529
study1528
oversearch1532
perscrute1536
scrute1536
to go over ——1537
scan1548
examinate1560
rifle1566
to consider of1569
excuss1570
ripe1573
sift1573
sift1577
to pry into ——1581
dive1582
rub1591
explore1596
pervestigate1610
dissecta1631
profound1643
circumspect1667
scrutinize1671
perscrutatea1679
introspect1683
rummage1690
reconnoitre1740
scrutinate1742
to look through1744
scrutiny1755
parse1788
gun1819
cat-haul1840
vivisect1876
scour1882
microscope1888
tooth-comb1893
X-ray1896
comb1904
fine-tooth comb1949
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 205 From hameres he [sc. Pictagoras] tornede hym to examyne [L. convertit examen] strenges, and streyned guttes and senewes of schepe.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 248 Þei brouht þe cronykles..þe olde chartres & titles..Of ilk a bisshop se, & ilk a priourie..Examend þam & cast ilk amountment.
1476 in L. T. Smith York Plays (1885) p. xxxvii To serche, here, and examen all þe plaiers and plaies and pagentes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 89 Mine eye hath well examined his parts, And findes them perfect Richard. View more context for this quotation
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 16 It will ask..the work of twenty licencers to examin all the lutes, the violins, and the ghittarrs in every house.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iv. 77 The Watch-men..stand in the Street by the Watch-houses, to examin every one that passeth by.
1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 226 The Critic Eye..Sees hairs and pores, examines bit by bit.
1782 W. Cowper Poems 364 Many a grave and learned clerk..With curious touch examines me, If I can feel as well as he.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Allegory in Posthumous Poems (1824) 197 Many passed it by with careless tread..But others..Pause to examine.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 73 Our guide had examined the glacier for some distance.
1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. iv. 154 The visitors..met to examine the Latin versions.
1904 Speaker 11 June 240/2 No one would dare to purchase without examining a sample bale [of wool].
1958 I. Fleming Dr. No xii. 147 The yellow eyes examined him curiously.
2003 D. Brown Da Vinci Code (2004) xxxiii. 199 Langdon took the object and examined it. It was heavy and shaped like a cruciform.
b. transitive. To check or audit (financial accounts).
ΚΠ
1456 in J. A. Kingdon Arch. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1886) II. 362 Be it knowen that we John Goddyn Robert Gayton John Plomer and William Edward Arbetrowres Indyfferently chosyn, Haue take vpon vs to examyne and serche this Forsayd acoumpte.
1460 in J. A. Kingdon Arch. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1886) II. 376 This forseyd acount Is examenyd and alowed.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie E 332 To discusse & examine diligently the accompte & reckoning of the souldiours.
1648 Breviate Weavers Business 5 The accounts of this company have been yeerly examined, audited, and allowed by Auditors.
1717 I. Newton Let. May in Corr. (1976) VI. 391 Requisite in this service are..A Clerk..And an Auditor for examining the Account.
1778 J. Armstrong Let. 3 Dec. in G. Washington Papers (2008) Revolutionary War Ser. XVIII. 359 Settleing or examining books & accts financeiring &c.
1862 J. Lorimer Hand-bk. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iv. i. 416 All accounts relating to the revenue were appointed to be examined, comptrolled, and audited.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 82 Skilful accountants should examine the books at the end of the year.
1908 Carnegie Trust Universities Scotl.: Interim Rep. 61 I have examined and audited the Accounts.
2008 New Yorker 20 Oct. 62/1 A team of auditors and bankers began examining all of Kerviel's trading records from the prior year.
c. transitive. To perform an examination of (a person or part of the body) for diagnostic purposes, esp. by means of visual inspection, palpation, auscultation, or percussion. Also: to perform an autopsy on.In quot. 1815 intransitive in the progressive with passive meaning.to need one's head examined and variants: see head n.1 Phrases 6f.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > examine medically [verb (transitive)]
searcha1425
visit1484
examine?1541
to run the rule over1909
to work up1931
?1541 R. Copland Maner to Examyne Lazares in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Q.iijv After yt the pacient hath ben examyned vpon the fyrste causes that dyspose a persone to be a lazare, he oughte to be examyned and approued by the sygnes of lepry aswel equyuocalles as vnyuocalles.
1583 A. Marten tr. P. M. Vermigli Common Places i. v. 33/1 They..doo verie diligentlie examine their patients touching them: bicause thereby they can find out the temperature of those humors, which lie hidden within the bodie.
1656 R. Carpenter Last & Highest Appeal iii. 6 The wise Physician, coming to a sick-man, first examines his Tongue.
1682 J. Yonge Wounds of Brain 8 This Wound, thus drest up, I examined the rest of the Head, and found on the other Bregma, an Ecchymosis.
1748 J. Profily Easy & Exact Method curing Venereal Dis. (ed. 2) xxxix. 147 I had nine Patients, before they were received into my Infirmary, examined by the ablest Physicians and Surgeons in the City of Dublin.
1793 Leicester Herald 12 Jan. All Persons who are afflicted with..Ruptures,..Cancers, Ulcerated Legs..it is requisite that the Doctor should see and examine them himself.
1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity I. 222 During the time the wound was examining, Augustus worked himself up to a pitch of agony.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 207 Let the chirurgeon Dwining examine that poor piece of clay, that he may tell us how he came by his fatal death.
1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight v. 64 Of a large number of men examined in Europe..four or five per cent. have been found color-blind.
1894 Daily News 26 July 9/2 Dr. B——, insanity expert, who had examined the prisoner at the request of the Treasury, said prisoner was now perfectly sane.
1923 Humorist 18 Aug. 90/3 My wife is always wanting me to go and have my foot examined, because of a little swelling I've got there.
1968 M. Culpan Vasiliko Affair v. 63 You'll get the pathologist to examine the body.
2006 Esquire Sept. 83 I was examined by a pretty young doctor, who mused that my affliction looked like shingles.
d. transitive. To search (luggage, travellers, etc.) for dutiable or contraband items; to inspect (goods) at customs.
ΚΠ
1618 T. Everard tr. L. Pinelli Mirrour Relig. Perfection ii. xviii. 229 In Frontiere places and townes of kingdomes..where not only be examined those that desire to enter, but their packes also.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion xii. 21 The Officers came unto his Lodging, having a Commission to examine the Trunks and Coffers of Francion.
1733 R. Walpole Let. from Member of Parl. conc. Duties on Wine & Tobacco 27 The Custom-house officer has power to examine, to search, to rummage every locker, hole, and corner of the ship to which he is appointed.
1796 Laws of U.S.A. I. 223 It shall be lawful for the collector or other officer of the customs..to open and examine in the presence of two or more reputable merchants, any package or packages thereof.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 260 A Merchant..may apply to the Collector and Comptroller for a Bill of Sight or View, in order that [his goods]..may be brought on shore and examined.
1902 P. von Kielmansegg tr. F. von Kielmansegge Diary Journey to Eng. 17 Our first care..was to get our luggage through the custom-house, where..our boxes, portmanteaus, and writing-desks were opened and thoroughly examined.
1999 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. wk. 3 They are determined to find a way to examine tourists and returning Americans without the tension and unpleasantness of a strip-search.
5.
a. transitive. To test (a person's knowledge, skill, or competence) by means of written or oral questions or practical tasks; to assess (knowledge or competence) by examination.In quot. a1400 with interrogative clause as object; cf. sense 3b.
ΚΠ
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 9617 Prestes shuld..examyne what she couthe.
1550 R. Hutchinson Image of God f. lxxxi To geue an example to our bishops to lay handes sodenly vpon no man, & to trie their doctrine, to examin their learninges.
1589 J. Thorie tr. B. Filippe Counseller x. 90 He ought not to elect or choose any one Counseller, before he haue throughlie examined his abilitie and sufficiencie.
1645 J. Caryl Expos. 4th–7th Chapters Job 669 We call it Probation day, when the proficiency of Schollars is examined.
1698 tr. C. Fleury Hist. Acct. Manners & Behaviour Christians iii. 222 The Bishops carefully examined the Proficiency of the Penitents.
1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman iv. 55 They then proceed to examine his Skill in the various Symptoms and Prognostics, and the Cure of Diseases both acute and chronic.
1769 Harlequin Premier i. 11 Nor was a single cook hired in all the province, till I had first examined his abilities.
1818 Sunday Visitant (Charleston, S. Carolina) 27 June 101/3 He..superintended in a detailed and particular manner the studies of the candidates; and, before he ordained them, strictly examined their proficiency in every branch required by the canons.
1957 Wisconsin Statutes 3609 He is accompanied by an authorized license examiner for the purpose of examining his ability to operate a motor vehicle.
2011 D. Harris Human Performance on Flight Deck vii. 108 Simple verbal ability tests examine skills such as spelling, grammar and the use of synonyms and antonyms.
b. transitive. To test the knowledge, skill, or competence of (a person) by means of written or oral questions or practical tasks; spec. (a) to question (a candidate for holy orders or membership of a religious body) on his or her knowledge of scripture, doctrine, etc.; (b) to set or conduct an examination of (a pupil or student). Frequently with in, on (also upon, †of), specifying the subject, skill, etc., tested.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)]
examinea1402
examec1480
examinate1560
try1636
a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 67 (MED) No frere schuld be hardy..to preche to þe peple, but he be examyned & appreued of þe mynistre general.
?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 40 Late þe mynystris diligently examyne hem for [read of] þe comun feiþ and þe sacramentis of holy chirche.
1530 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children ix. sig. D.ivv They may haue experience, for theyr childrens furtherance by examynynge theyr chyldren: and not putte theyr hoole truste in the disposicion of a man hired.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Kk*. iiiv Confirmation of chyldren, by examynyng them of theyr knowledge.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iii. 16 Examine them in syllables of three letters, after in moe.
1647 J. Noyes Temple Measured 62 It is supposed that Children were wont to be examined, before they were admitted to the Sacrament of the Lords Supper.
1715 H. Prideaux Articles Reform. Univ. liii, in Life H. Prideaux (1748) 235 Such only, as shall obtain a certificate of approbation from the two Examiners who examined them, shall be qualified for the said Degree.
1730 Burgh Rec. Dingwall 30 Nov. in J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. (1876) ii. vi. 221 The particular passages upon which he was examined.
a1838 Ld. Eldon in Ld. J. Campbell Lives Lord Chancellors (1847) VII. 14 I was examined in Hebrew and History.
1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation vi. 251 At the end of the time the poor wretches were examined..on all these subjects.
1903 Science 3 Apr. 555/2 Applicants..may be examined in one or more of the following subjects... Agricultural statistics;..physiology and nutrition of man; [etc.].
1937 ‘M. Innes’ Hamlet, Revenge! i. ii. 42 He had..been examined both in Shakespeare's Hamlet and Pepys's Diaries.
1986 J. S. Gray & J. C. Tucker Presbyterian Polity for Church Officers i. 12 Presbyteries have the power to examine ministers for admission into the presbytery.
2010 G. Mair et al. First FRCR: MCQs for Physics Module p. v The College may choose to examine candidates on any aspect of the curriculum.
c. intransitive. To set or conduct an examination; to act as an examiner.
ΚΠ
1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. i. f. cclxxxxv The office of the Catechist was not onely to enstructe and teache, but also to examyne.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 283 The Visitours..who are not satisfied, to examine where, and as they please.
1764 T. Reid Let. 14 Nov. in Wks. (1846) I. 39/2 I examine for an hour upon my morning prelection.
1837 J. Romilly Diary 4 Oct. in Cambr. Diary (1967) 130 He said that he would not examine neither would he reside tho called upon by the Master.
1863 Royal Charter §38 in London Univ. Cal. (1866) 33 The said Chancellor..shall have power to examine for..the several..Degrees.
1920 A. Quiller-Couch Art of Reading 95 I [have] already allowed how hard it is to examine on literature.
1990 P. Ranger Performance xi. 214 Examiners usually serve an apprenticeship, tailing several established examiners and..examining for several sessions in conjunction with them.
†d. transitive. To test a person on (a subject). Obsolete.Apparently only in the works of John Brinsley.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > examine a subject
examine1612
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vii. 79 Especially examine those Verbs often, which haue two Preterperfect tenses.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vii. 80 In examining the Syntax, it is the best to doe it in Latine.
6.
a. transitive. To question (a person), esp. formally or officially, in order to find out information. Chiefly Law: to question (a witness) under oath or affirmation.In early use also with indirect question as complement.See also cross-examine v. 2, re-examine v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > examine judicially
examinec1419
examec1480
depose1562
to go on ——a1602
question1620
c1419 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xvi (MED) To do clepe the parties a for him and examine hem..in ȝoure Courtys.
c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 438 Ȝif alle bisshopis..and freris weren wislyche examyned wheþer þey weren heretiks.
1533 Earl of Derby & H. Farington Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st. Ser. II. 43 William Dalton squyer examyned..deposith and saith.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 77 Quhen thir ten hyrdis var exemnit..quhar the samnete armye vas campit.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. C4 Now Faustus, examine them of their seueral names and dispositions.
1649 Tothill's Trans. High Court of Chancery 190 A Witnesse once examined shall not be called up to be examined upon further point.
1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 90 There were no questions..asked but..what they who were examined knew concerning Mr. Peter Talbott's exercising of Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction.
1737 London Mag. Sept. 465/2 The House..examined several Witnesses.
1799 M. Geisweiler tr. A. von Kotzebue Poverty & Nobleness of Mind i. vi. 25 As soon as he is unpack'd, you may examine him to your heart's content.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) V. 429 The usage had always been, upon a common recovery against husband and wife, to examine the wife.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 94 The accused party..was examined and crossexamined.
1949 Official Gaz. (Kenya) 26 July 584 An inspector may hear and receive evidence and examine witnesses upon oath or affirmation.
1956 J. H. Crehan Introd. 3 in tr. Athenagoras Embassy for Christians The emperor Domitian sent for the surviving ‘brethren of the Lord’ from Palestine, and..examined them about their descent from David.
2015 A. Downs Law & Lawless iv. 60 An inquest was held into this matter, and some twenty witnesses were examined.
b. transitive. To interrogate under torture. Now historical.In some instances perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 6a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > [verb (transitive)] > interrogate under torture
examine1560
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxij Streight waies was he put vpon the Racke, and examined by torture.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie E 330 To take away violently, & examine by torments.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxii. 24 The chiefe captaine..bad that hee [sc. Paul] should be examined by scourging. View more context for this quotation
1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 274 The Tormentors examined him all the while, and to no Purpose.
1774 tr. B. J. Feijoo Ess. Learning Fair-sex vi. 82 I..knew a woman, who being examined on the rack..outstood that excruciating trial.
1825 Westm. Hall I. 166 A witness was produced against him, who had been examined on the rack.
1868 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 493/1 In ancient Athens, slaves were always examined by torture.
1935 Eng. Hist. Rev. 50 319 Adultery is classed, with robbery and arson, among crimes of which the accused may be examined by torture.
1951 J. B. Wolf Emergence of Great Powers vi. 152 A veritable army of torturers examined the unfortunate men, using all the refined cruelty of an oriental ruler.
2001 J. Franklin Sci. of Conjecture v. 129 He examined on the rack two of the Duke of Norfolk's servants.
†7. transitive. To ensure by careful inspection (that something is the case). Cf. to see to it that —— at see v. Phrasal verbs 2, to look to it at look v. Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > care or heed [verb (intransitive)] > take care > take care that something be done
foreseec900
witea1000
seec1300
awaitc1400
waitc1400
wakea1425
overseea1470
to see to ——1474
wardc1475
regard1535
to wait on ——1596
attend1612
examine1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 18 In the choice of his Brass Rules, he examines that they be exactly Letter high.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 426. ⁋2 To examine that no one over-heard them.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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