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单词 fahrenheit
释义

Fahrenheitn.adj.

Brit. /ˈfarənhʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈfɛrənˌ(h)aɪt/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Fahrenheit.
Etymology: < the name of Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), Prussian-born German scientist and inventor of the mercury thermometer, who defined the scale in 1723 (see discussion at sense A. 2). N.E.D. (1894) also gives the pronunciation as (fā·rənhəit) /ˈfɑːrənhaɪt/.
A. n.
I. Compounds.
1. Fahrenheit thermometer n. (also †Fahrenheit's thermometer) a thermometer calibrated in accordance with the Fahrenheit scale; (also) the Fahrenheit scale; the Fahrenheit temperature.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales
Fahrenheit thermometer1732
Fahrenheit scale1740
Fahrenheit1754
Réaumur scale1764
Celsius thermometer1781
Réaumur1785
Celsius1790
Celsius scale1790
R1806
Wedgwood1807
centigrade1812
absolute temperature scale1886
Kelvin scale1908
Rankine scale1931
Rankine temperature1938
1732 tr. H. Boerhaave Elements Chymistry II. 1 Make a charcoal fire of 85° (measar'd [sic] by Fahrenheit's thermometer).
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 39 In certain degrees of heat, to wit, in thirty three of Fahrenheit's thermometer, and upwards, water is always fluid.
1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 322 The whole expansion of pure spirit from 30° to 100° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, is not less than 1/ 25th of its whole bulk at 30°.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxix. 435 The operation of heat affords us also a very effectual mode of ventilation. Its action upon air at common temperatures occasions an expansion of about 1/ 500 for every degree that Fahrenheit's thermometer is raised.
1817 W. Pitt Topogr. Hist. Staffs. ii. 185 On Thursday, December 27, 1799, at Tettenhall-wood, Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at 8° above zero.
1898 Times 27 Sept. 13/2 No petroleum oil sold without restrictions shall give off inflammable vapour below 100° of Fahrenheit's thermometer.
1947 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 14 Sept. (Sunday Mag.) 41/2 Absolute zero. This is approximately 460 degrees below zero on the Fahrenheit thermometer.
1989 Biometrics 45 270 If both raters are asked ‘Is the temperature above 21°?’ but one rater is using a Fahrenheit thermometer and the other a Celsius, a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer from both may signify disagreement.
2. Fahrenheit scale n. (also †Fahrenheit's scale) a scale of temperature in which the freezing point of water is at 32° and the boiling point at 212°; also Fahrenheit temperature scale.The scale as defined by Fahrenheit in Philos. Trans. 1722–3 (Royal Soc.) (1724) 33 78–84 was such that the temperature of a mixture of water, ice, and ammonium chloride was 0°; one of ice and water without salt was 32°; and body temperature was 96°. But doubt has been expressed whether he actually used the first of these to define his zero (see e.g. Chemisch weekblad (1936) 33 374–93 and Ambix (1958) 6 155–6); and only the second survives as a fixed point of the scale. See W. E. K. Middleton Hist. Thermometer (1966) 66–79.The Fahrenheit scale is now little used in scientific contexts, the Celsius (centigrade) scale being preferred. The relationship between the Fahrenheit scale and the Celsius scale is as follows: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales
Fahrenheit thermometer1732
Fahrenheit scale1740
Fahrenheit1754
Réaumur scale1764
Celsius thermometer1781
Réaumur1785
Celsius1790
Celsius scale1790
R1806
Wedgwood1807
centigrade1812
absolute temperature scale1886
Kelvin scale1908
Rankine scale1931
Rankine temperature1938
1740 G. Martine Ess. Med. & Philos. iii. 206 As Roemer's or Fahrenheit's scale is convenient enough, I wish it were universally kept and used.
1744 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 43 5 The Thermometer. Mine is one made by Fahrenheit's Scale on one Side, with its Correspondence to the Graduation of the Alcohol Thermometer on the other.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. li. 632 For the present we may define the sense of the term degree, in Fahrenheit's scale, as corresponding to an expansion of a portion of mercury amounting to one ten thousandth part of its bulk.
1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics vi. i. 194 Besides the centigrade scale two others are frequently used—Fahrenheit's scale and Réaumur's scale.
1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 21 256 The thermometer registered 48½ degrees of frost on the Fahrenheit scale.
1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) i. 7 Although engineers commonly use the fahrenheit temperature scale, they should be ‘bilingual’ in this respect, and be able to make direct comparisons with the celsius (centigrade) scale.
2007 D. I. Leap in J. W. Delleur Handbk. Groundwater Engin. (ed. 2) xiii. 2 The Fahrenheit scale is in common use in English-speaking countries, but not in England itself which now uses the Celsius scale.
3. Fahrenheit degree n. (also †Fahrenheit's degree) a degree of the Fahrenheit scale. Symbol °F or F.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific
Fahrenheit degree1841
Celsius degree1847
Kelvin degree1941
millidegree1951
microdegree1957
Rankine degree1963
Kelvin1968
1841 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 19 262 In this way a little practice has enable me to estimate temperatures to the tenth part of Fahrenheit's degree with certainty.
1869 Proc. Royal Soc. 18 520 Air increases by 1/ 480 its volume for every Fahrenheit degree of heat.
1904 Times 14 Dec. 13/1 In the United States the inch and the Fahrenheit degree have always been used for the measurement of pressure and temperature.
1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. xi. 148 A British Thermal Unit (B.Th.U.) is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb. of water through 1 Fahrenheit degree.
1997 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 66 352/2 For each whole Fahrenheit degree that the mean daily temperature was below 65°F.
4. attributive. Designating things connected with or related to the Fahrenheit scale.
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1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. iii. 92 The point of equilibrium temperature, which is the Fahrenheit zero.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. iii. 38 In the Fahrenheit system the freezing-point and the boiling-point of pure water are taken by definition as 32° F. and 212° F.
1955 N. T. van der Walt Temperature Measurem. 5 Temperatures measured from absolute zero..are denoted by °K (Kelvin) if measured in Centigrade units, or °R (Rankine) if measured in Fahrenheit units.
2006 W. S. Pray Nonprescription Product Therapeutics (ed. 2) xlii. 730/2 Medical articles often discuss temperature measurement in centigrade units. However, the American public is generally only familiar with Fahrenheit units.
II. Simple uses.
5. The Fahrenheit scale of temperature; a temperature expressed on this scale.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales
Fahrenheit thermometer1732
Fahrenheit scale1740
Fahrenheit1754
Réaumur scale1764
Celsius thermometer1781
Réaumur1785
Celsius1790
Celsius scale1790
R1806
Wedgwood1807
centigrade1812
absolute temperature scale1886
Kelvin scale1908
Rankine scale1931
Rankine temperature1938
1740 G. Martine Ess. Med. & Philos. iv. 223 The spirit in it always stands at gr. 48. in the cave of the observatory; corresponding by this to gr. 53. in Fahrenheit's.]
1754 Philos. Trans. 1753 (Royal Soc.) 48 109 The mercury stood at 240 degrees in De L'Isle; which is 72 below 0 in Fahrenheit.
1806 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1159 He found the temperature of the springs 150° of Fahrenheit & the water perfectly potable when cooled.
1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 65 Fire-heat at 212° of Fahrenheit produced detonation.
1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat v. 69 You've got to correct it to sea-level, and then reduce it to Fahrenheit.
1998 R. Falcón Salsa xxiv. 148 To convert from centigrade to Fahrenheit, multiply the centigrade degrees by 1.8, and then add 32.
2001 Art Room Catal. Spring Preview 42/1 A charming ornament that comes with mounting brackets and has an easy to read display showing temperatures in Fahrenheit..and Centigrade.
6. A degree Fahrenheit.figurative in quot. 1947.
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1947 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 7 Nov. 29/1 If they are high on their football Fahrenheits, or in other words terrifically hot, the foes..could chill the championship hopes of the state's top gridiron aggregations.
1965 Evening Capital (Annapolis, Md.) 2 Apr. 10/1 Folks hereabouts were shivering in Fahrenheits that plummeted to 20 degrees at night.
1974 New Society 7 Mar. 589/1 With 38 Fahrenheits of frost whistling past outside, it had a weird..air.
2004 L. Hughes Biggest Boat I could Afford vii. 76 The US is allegedly bi-scalar too, but they still cling to quaint measurements like..poles, acres, fahrenheits.
B. adj.
As a postmodifier. Of a thermometric degree or specified number of degrees: measured on the Fahrenheit scale.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [adjective] > specific scales
centesimal1635
centigrade1799
Réaumur1799
Fahrenheit1807
cent.1809
Celsius1878
Kelvin1911
Rankine1933
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. li. 632 A condensation amounting to 1/ 180 of the bulk of any portion of air will raise its temperature one degree Fahrenheit.
1844 W. R. Johnson Rep. to Navy Dept. U.S. on Amer. Coals 18 The expansion of air by 1° Fahrenheit increase of temperature, is assumed to be 1/ 480th of its bulk at 32°.
1872 C. D. Warner Saunterings 97 Then came a week of what the Müncheners call hot weather, with the thermometer up to eighty degrees Fahrenheit.
1901 J. Donaldson Roller Mill 152 The most modern and effective system of conditioning wheat is by the use of air heated from 180 to 220 degrees Fahrenheit.
1946 Fortune Aug. 91 (caption) Borden's pasteurizer..heats raw milk to 143° Fahrenheit.
2006 Wired May 114/1 Built by lab supplier PolyScience, it can chill food to minus-30 degrees Fahrenheit in an instant.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1732
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