单词 | extinct |
释义 | † extinctn. Obsolete. = extinction n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > extinguishing light extinguishment1509 extinctiona1513 extinct1606 extincture1609 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > utter destruction or annihilation anientizement1429 deletiona1513 extincting1513 annihilment1526 exterminion1528 nulling1538 annihilation1541 exterminationc1550 nullity1555 annihilating1577 massacre1595 extinguishment1599 extinct1606 expunction1615 extinction1615 discreationa1628 nullificationa1631 nullifying1640 decreation1647 defacedness1668 extinguishinga1676 erasurea1794 exterminating1796 blotting out1808 naughting1913 wipeout1968 the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > ceasing to exist > of a family, race, species, etc. extinguishment1539 extinction1602 extinct1606 1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. D3v To the vttermost extinct of life. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vii. xliv. 379/1 The extinct of the English Nations renowne. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xvii. 681/1 The vtter extinct of the house of Yorke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). extinctadj. I. As past participle. 1. Extinguished (see senses of extinct n., extinguish v.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > put out or extinguish fire, pain, etc. aquenchc1000 adweschOE quenchc1175 extinct?a1475 out1502 dead1611 stifle1629 kill1934 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 347 This duke Turgesius was perischede and extincte. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 219 That fyre was extincte. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 176/4 The more they lyght them [candellys] the more were they extyncte. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Priuate Baptisme f. viii* Graunt that al sinne & vice here maie bee so extinct. 1598 S. Rowlands Betraying of Christ 30 They blind his sight, whose soules more blind Had quite extinct the light of grace. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) iv. 33 The Spanish and Pannonian tongues not extinct by the Romans. 1631 R. Byfield Doctr. Sabbath Vindicated 99 It tooke fire..but was quickly extinct. 1734 E. Law Enquiry 26 Take away the Things and their respective Order and Distance..may cease and be extinct. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Dec. 13/2 As I uttered the last word of my manuscript, the lights were suddenly extinct. II. As adjective. (In early use with distinctly participial sense; in modern use it usually denotes a state without reference to the action from which this results.) 2. a. Of a fire, flame, light: Extinguished, quenched, put out; no longer burning. extinct volcano n. a volcano that has ceased eruption; also figurative, spec. a person who has lost the considerable energy, etc., he once possessed. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adjective] dead1340 slockenc1400 extinct?a1475 extinguished1552 outgone1647 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > unilluminated or unilluminating > extinguished darkOE extinct?a1475 extinguished1552 extincteda1616 quenched1825 the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > one who or that which is unsuccessful > one who is a failure > one who is past his peak has-been1702 have-been1737 had-beenc1748 used-to-be1852 extinct volcano1865 wasser1924 yesterday's man1966 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 119 A lawnterne..extincte is drownede in to hit. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxxxviiv The lampe of grace in thy soule wyll soone be extinct. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 355 Neither the husband nor any of the family could be awaked till that Torch was extinct. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 684 A spark or two not yet extinct. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 249 There are some who..when we [cigars] are not half extinct throw us contemptuously away. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 427/2 Active or extinct volcanoes. 1865 H. C. Robinson Diary 21 Jan. (1967) 314 Allsop, whose name has been long forgotten... An extinct volcano. 1865 J. A. Symonds Let. 20 Aug. (1967) I. 566 My illusions & conceits are Extinct volcanoes. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 193 A group of small extinct volcanoes. 1914 F. M. Ford Let. Jan. (1965) 59 Your list of extinct and semi-extinct volcanoes..is..only window dressing. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > mercury > [noun] > compounds sublimate1543 precipitate1563 red mercury1582 quicksilver extinct1610 red precipitate1676 mercury fulminate1904 methylmercury1915 mercurochrome1919 mercurial1971 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxx. 432 Quicke-siluer extinct, and verdigrease, of each an ounce. 3. Of things comparable to a fire or light (e.g. life, hope, passion, disease, etc.): Quenched; that has ceased to burn or shine. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [adjective] > annihilating > completely destroyed or annihilated quencheda1382 annihilatec1400 extincta1513 unfabricate1630 unbeened1642 non-ented1643 annihilated1647 self-annihilated1677 annihiled1691 defaced1776 exterminated1813 dis-created1879 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxviii. f. lvi The feythe..was well nere extyncte thoroughe all the Lande. 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. G3v Yong Arthurs eyes are blinded and extinct. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit iv. 36 Every faculty of the mind..is liable..to become wholly extinct before death. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xii. 236 Conversation seemed nearly extinct. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 19 He was cut down..before life was extinct. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vi. 294 The last hope of the Mohammedans was extinct. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] deadOE lifelessOE of lifeOE storvena1225 dead as a door-nail1362 ydead1387 stark deadc1390 colda1400 bypast1425 perishedc1440 morta1450 obita1450 unquickc1449 gone?a1475 dead and gone1482 extinct1483 departed1503 bygonea1522 amort1546 soulless1553 breathless1562 parted1562 mortified1592 low-laid1598 disanimate1601 carcasseda1603 defunct1603 no morea1616 with God1617 death-stricken1618 death-strucken1622 expired1631 past itc1635 incinerated1657 stock-dead1662 dead as a herring1664 death-struck1688 as dead as a nit1789 (as) dead as mutton1792 low1808 laid in the locker1815 strae-dead1820 disanimated1833 ghosted1834 under the daisies1842 irresuscitable1843 under the sod1847 toes up1851 dead and buried1863 devitalized1866 translated1869 dead and done (for, with)1886 daid1890 bung1893 (as) dead as the (or a) dodo1904 six feet under1942 brown bread1969 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 5/2 All were..deed and extynct. ?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iii He may at lybertie Passe saue..Tyll that he be from vs extyncte. 1611 Bible (King James) Job xvii. 1 My dayes are extinct . View more context for this quotation 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 4 The usuall ceremony ordained to the bodies of extinct princes. 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 93 Nagar..lost together with his life a great part of his Dominions, and became in a manner extinct. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince xi, in tr. N. Machiavelli Wks. 214 The Pope being dead, and Valentine extinct. 5. That has died out or come to an end. a. Of a family, a class of persons, a race or species of animals or plants: Having no living representative; ‘without progressive succession’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adjective] > no longer existent > of a family, race, species, etc. extinct1683 1683 Britanniæ Speculum 156 The Line of Henry VIIIth..being extinct. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 331 My Father was dead, and my Mother, and all the Family extinct. 1748 Jenyns Imit. Hor. Epist. ii. i. 48 Let's try and fix some æra, if we can, When good ones [ministers] were extinct, and bad began. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 434 The royal house..was not yet extinct. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure iii. 35 The great book collectors (except in America) seem to be an extinct race. b. Of an institution, dignity, office, etc.: Obsolete. Of a title of nobility: Having no qualified claimant. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > [adjective] > obsolete (of an office) extinct1581 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [adjective] > specific epithets for persons of rank > for royalty or other exalted personages > having no qualified claimant extinct1581 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 51 Ye Supper of the Lord..you have so defiled..that the true use thereof is almost utterly extinct. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 174 The Assembly it selfe is extinct. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 244 The dignities limited to the heirs male of Sir Robert Sydney became extinct. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iv. 142 They imagine the office of moral rule in another state to become extinct. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 181 The three extinct republics, Florence, Pisa, and Siena. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 537 His marquisate became extinct. c. Law in possibility of issue extinct. ΚΠ 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. iii He..is tenant in the tayle after possibilyte of issue extincte. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 154 A person may be tenant in tail, after possibility of issue extinct. d. Of a law, legal power or right, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adjective] > legally invalid or faulty > that has come to an end unrevived1611 extinct1628 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 147 All the Rent charge is extinct. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 156 A Censure inflicted à Jure continues, tho' such Law be extinct. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 435 Such a power though extinct at law, would certainly be enforced in equity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † extinctv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. = extinguish v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light) aquenchc1000 quenchOE to do outa1425 extinct1483 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 dout1526 pop1530 extinguish1551 to put forth1598 snuff1688 douse1753 douse1780 smoor1808 to turn out1844 outen1877 to turn off1892 to black out1913 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] aquenchc1000 quenchc1175 sleckc1175 slockena1300 bleschea1325 sleckena1340 sleaka1400 asteyntea1450 stancha1450 mesec1480 slockc1480 extinct1483 redd1487 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 squench1535 extinguish1551 out1629 smoor1721 douse1842 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 250/1 The blessid laurence had fyue brennynges withoute forthe whiche he al ouercam manly and extyncte them. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. 166 The feruent great fire extincted was in-dede. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 105/1 Eugenia..was..put into hoate bathes, which were extincted, and she preserued. 2. = extinguish v. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions stupefy?a1425 dullc1440 benumbc1485 slumber?1533 extinguish1540 extinct1542 numb1561 damp1570 hebetate1574 daunt1581 frostbite1593 hebete1597 blunt1600 unedgea1625 engross1626 astonish1635 consopite1647 bate1649 opiate1650 blura1653 hebescate1657 torpefy1808 dozena1810 dullify1838 hebetize1845 chloroform1849 narcotize1852 sodden1863 vastate1892 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xx. sig. K.i Purslane dothe extynct the ardor of lassyuyousnes. ?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful Pref. f. iiiiv Not to stir vp gods grace in vs..wer to..extinct the spirite. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie vii. 39 It is more hard, loue to our selues to extinkt. 3. a. = extinguish v. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence dilghec897 defacec1386 annul1395 anientec1400 refer?c1400 extinct1484 annihil1490 delete1495 out-terma1500 perspoil1523 extaintc1540 extinguish1555 blot1561 wipe1564 to cut the throat of1565 annihilate1567 dissipatea1575 annihilate1586 nullify1609 nullize1615 expunge1628 nothing1637 null1647 extramund1654 be-nothing1674 erase1728 obliterate1798 simoom1821 to tear to shreds1837 snuff1852 mop1859 to take out1900 napoo1915 naught1958 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) ix. 22 The grete good dedes and abstynence that I dyde quenchyd and estyncted al my synnes. 1547 in E. Cardwell Documentary Ann. Church Eng. (1839) I. 42 They have..utterly extincted and destroyed..all images. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1712) VIII. 14 The Name of the Barony of Say is extinctid. 1598 F. Meres Palladis Tamia f. 287v One straine of Musicke extincts the pleasure of another. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. E4 Two contraries, cannot ioyntly hold possession, but one will vtterly extinct the other. b. To put an end to, make void (a law, legal right, status, ordinance). Also, to cancel (a licence, the claim of a creditor). Cf. extinguish v. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity abatea1325 squatcha1325 voida1325 allayc1325 annul1395 reverse1395 revokec1400 rupt?a1425 repealc1425 abroge1427 defeat1429 purloin1461 cassa1464 toll1467 resume1472 reprove1479 suspend1488 discharge1495 reduce1498 cassate1512 defease1512 denulla1513 disannula1513 fordoa1513 avoid1514–5 abrogate?1520 frustrate1528 revert1528 disaffirm?1530 extinct1530 resolve1537 null1538 nihilate1545 extinguish1548 elidec1554 revocate1564 annullate1570 squat1577 skaila1583 irritate1605 retex1606 nullify1607 unable1611 refix1621 vitiate1627 invalid1643 vacate1643 unlaw1644 outlaw1647 invalidate1649 disenact1651 vacuate1654 supersedec1674 destroy1805 break1891 the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > make void or invalid wanea889 voida1340 avoidc1375 abolishc1475 disnull1509 disannula1513 annihilate1525 evacuate1526 aniente1528 extinct1530 disable1548 extinguish1548 solute1550 destitutea1563 exinanitea1575 cashier1596 devoid1601 shorta1616 supersede1618 vitiate1627 invalidate1649 out1653 vacate1662 exinanitiate1698 atheticize1701 squasha1777 invalid1827 negate1837 negative1837 unsanction1854 cancel- 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xiv. f. xxxviv He..wolde extyncte former ryghtes by suche a fyne with proclamacyon. a1532 W. Warham Let. 24 Feb. in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 178 The Jurisdiction of the Prerogative should be extinctyd. 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 311/2 Gods blessed ordinaunce were rather to bee extincted and abhorred. 15.. R. Morice in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. xxviii. 236 Divers report that Mr. Latimers licence was extincted. 1588 H. Oldcastle & J. Mellis Briefe Instr. Accompts sig. Gij Yee shall extinct the Creditors of the olde book by the contrary of his opposite. a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 46 If I had purchased the land my selfe, then I had extincted mine owne condition. c. To abolish, suppress (a state of things, custom, institution). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] fordoOE allayOE withdrawc1290 withclepe13.. again-callc1390 to call againc1390 repealc1390 revokec1400 unmakec1400 rive1415 annulc1425 abroge1427 uncommandc1430 discharge?a1439 retreatc1443 retract1501 cancela1513 abrogate?1520 dissolve1526 extinct1531 rescind1531 abrenounce1537 infringe1543 recall1565 unwrite1577 extinguish1590 exauctorate1593 relinquish1594 unact1594 to strike off1597 undecide1601 unpass1606 to take off1609 to draw back1610 reclaim1615 to put back1616 abrenunciate1618 unrip1622 supersedeate1641 to set off1642 unassure1643 unorder1648 to ask away1649 disdetermine1651 unbespeak1661 undecree1667 reassumea1675 off-break1702 circumduct1726 raise1837 resiliate1838 denounce1841 disorder1852 pull1937 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.) > a state of things, institution, etc. extinct1531 repress1532 extinguish1590 1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 20 To extinct and make frustrate the paymentys of the said Annates or first fruytes. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 22 §3 Many chanteries..ben sins yt time vtterly dissolued and extincted. a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 283 Julius Cæsar..extincted the ancient liberty..of the people of Rome. d. = extinguish v. 3e. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence > a person, family, or race extermine1539 extinct1545 extirp1547 extirpate1587 extinguish1593 exterminate1649 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel Argt. f. 6v Nether the regale famylie nor the stok of Juda to be extincted. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. viii. f. 161v Their latter kynges whose lynage the power of the Romaynes long after did extinct. e. = extinguish v. 3f. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxviii Scater kyng of Scottes..was by Dunwallo..slayn and extincted. 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Albanacte l The Britains..Were ready still to fighte at euery call, Till time they had extynct, the monsters all. Derivatives exˈtincted adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > unilluminated or unilluminating > extinguished darkOE extinct?a1475 extinguished1552 extincteda1616 quenched1825 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 82 He may..Giue renewd fire, To our extincted spirits. View more context for this quotation exˈtincting n. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > utter destruction or annihilation anientizement1429 deletiona1513 extincting1513 annihilment1526 exterminion1528 nulling1538 annihilation1541 exterminationc1550 nullity1555 annihilating1577 massacre1595 extinguishment1599 extinct1606 expunction1615 extinction1615 discreationa1628 nullificationa1631 nullifying1640 decreation1647 defacedness1668 extinguishinga1676 erasurea1794 exterminating1796 blotting out1808 naughting1913 wipeout1968 1513 King Henry VIII Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. i. 3 Wee..have, for the extincting of the detestable Schisme..entred actual war. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 113 For the..vtter extincting of..power and authoritie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1606adj.?a1475v.1483 |
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