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单词 extra-
释义

extra-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin extrā-.
Etymology: < classical Latin extrā-, combining form of extrā (see extra prep.). The Latin adverb and preposition extrā does not, strictly speaking, occur in compounds during the classical period, though post-classically it formed a few verbs like extracludere to shut out, extravagari to wander outside (whence extravagant adj.). Classical Latin had however the adjective extraordinārius extraordinary adj. from the classical Latin phrase extrā ordinem outside the regular order, and post-classical Latin had also extramundanus extramundane adj. from the classical Latin phrase extrā mundum , extramuranus from classical Latin extrā mūrum (or mūrōs ; compare extramural adj.), extranaturalis ‘extra-natural’, from classical Latin extrā nātūrām (see extra-natural adj. at sense 1). Many similar adjectives were formed in post-classical Latin on phrases in which extrā is a preposition, and some of these are adopted in English, as extraprovincial adj. As the suffix employed in such formations was nearly always identical with that used to form an adjective from the noun governed by extra , the words have the appearance of being from extra- + adjective (the actual formation, on extra , preposition + noun + suffix, being obscured); thus extraordinary adj. is perceived as meaning ‘outside of what is ordinary’.Compare French extra-.
The Latin adverb and preposition extrā (see extra prep.). In recent times an enormous number of adjectives of this type have been formed. The most important compounds of extra-, and those requiring etymological explanation, are given in their alphabetical place; of the remainder only a selection can be given in the following lists, many nonce-words of obvious meaning being omitted.
1. Adjectives with general sense ‘situated outside something’ (e.g. in Anatomy a specified organ or member), ‘lying outside the province or scope of’ (a specified branch of science, department of speculation or practice).
Similarly applied to noun deriving from these. Also extrajudicial adj., extramural adj., etc.
extra-academic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)akəˈdɛmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌækəˈdɛmɪk/
without or external to a university.
ΚΠ
1932 T. S. Eliot Sel. Ess. 452 Not aspiring..to academic or extra-academic honours.
extra-acinous adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈasᵻnəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈæsənəs/
Anatomy outside the acinus or racemose gland; see acinus n. 2.
ΚΠ
1879 T. Bryant Man. Pract. Surg. (ed. 3) II. xxvi. 245 The extra-acinous infiltrations of the same cells.
extra-alimentary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)alᵻˈmɛnt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌæləˈmɛn(t)əri/
situated outside the alimentary canal.
ΚΠ
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals xi. 644 The extra-alimentary tissues.
extra-analogical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)anəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌænəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
out of the range of, not in accordance with, analogy.
ΚΠ
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xvi. 554 The extra-analogical features of the stories.
extra-artistic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɑːˈtɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɑrˈtɪstɪk/
out of the range of, having nothing to do with, art.
ΚΠ
1880 ‘V. Lee’ Belcaro i. 12 Those foreign, extra-artistic, irrelevant interests.
extra-atmospheric adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)atməsˈfɛrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌætməˈsfɪrɪk/
of or pertaining to space beyond the atmosphere.
ΚΠ
1871 Herschel in Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 31 169 Evidence not to be refused of its extra-atmospheric origin.
extra-axillar adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)akˈsɪlə/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈaksᵻlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌækˈsɪlər/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈæksələr/
Botany = extra-axillary adj.
ΚΠ
1851 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Extra-axillar.
extra-axillary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəakˈsɪl(ə)ri/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈaksᵻl(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌækˈsɪləri/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈæksəˌlɛri/
Botany growing from above or below the axils. [Compare scientific Latin extra-axillaris (1789 or earlier), French extra-axillaire (1798 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 433 Flowers solitary, axillary, or extra-axillary, but more frequently terminating.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 490 A few cases of..extra-axillary branching.
extrabranchial adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈbraŋkɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈbræŋkiəl/
(a) adj. outside the branchial arches; (b) n. an extrabranchial cartilage.
ΚΠ
1877 W. K. Parker & G. T. Bettany Morphol. Skull 39 Four extrabranchial cartilages.., parallel to the ceratobranchials.
1877 W. K. Parker & G. T. Bettany Morphol. Skull 343 The extrabranchials of the Dogfish are..superficial cartilages related to the branchial arches.
1912 J. S. Kingsley Compar. Anat. Vertebr. 65 In the branchial region of the elasmobranchs a variable number of extrabranchial cartilages may occur.
extra-britannic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəbrᵻˈtanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəbrɪˈtænɪk/
not existing in Britain.
ΚΠ
1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 87 Catalogue of The European Quadrupeds, Birds, and Reptiles Extra-Britannic.
extra-burghal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈbəːɡl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈbərɡ(ə)l/
beyond the boundary of the burgh.
ΚΠ
1866 T. Carlyle E. Irving 122 At the southern extra-burghal park of Kirkcaldy.
extra-calicular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪkjələr/
(see quot. 1888).
ΚΠ
1888 G. H. Fowler in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 28 16 The pseudo-costæ occurring at the lip of the calicle of this species of Lophohelia which are produced by extra-calicular calicoblasts.
extracalycinal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪsn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪsᵻn(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪsən(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəkəˈlɪsn(ə)l/
(see quot. 1897).
ΚΠ
1897 Philos. Trans. 1896 (Royal Soc.) B. 187 147 Mussa is a genus which produces intracalycinal and extracalycinal buds almost with equal facility.
extra-canonical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈnɒnᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈnɑnək(ə)l/
not classed among the canonical books.
ΚΠ
1831 W. H. Mill Christa Sangítá (1842) Pref. p. xxvii The extra-canonical books of Tobit and Judith.
1877 J. C. Geikie Life & Words Christ II. xlix. 288 He was intimately familiar..with the honoured extra-canonical writings.
extra-capsular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkapsjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkæps(j)ələr/
‘outside a capsule, having special reference to the articular capsules’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1884).
ΚΠ
1885 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 849/2 Extra-capsular protoplasm.
extra-cathedral adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈθiːdr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəkəˈθidrəl/
outside the pulpit.
ΚΠ
1862 Athenæum 1 Nov. 553 Those who would muzzle the clergyman in his literary inquiries and his extra-cathedral life.
extra-cellular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛljᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛljələr/
Biology situated or taking place outside the walls of a cell.
ΚΠ
1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) ii. i. 258 This process of a new formation begins in the extracellular fluid.
1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 154 Coloring matter..passes out of the capillaries free or extra-cellular.
extra-Christian adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkrɪstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈkrɪstjən/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈkrɪstɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkrɪstʃən/
outside the range of Christian thought; not to be discussed from a Christian point of view.
ΚΠ
1870 T. H. Huxley Lay Serm. xiv. 375 Science and philosophy..are neither Christian, or Unchristian, but are Extrachristian..I attempted to give you some vision of this Extrachristian world.
extra-ciliary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪlɪəri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪliˌɛri/
(see quot.).
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. Extra-ciliary fibres, those derived from outer surface of dentate nucleus of cerebellum (corpus ciliare), and joining the tractus semicircularis.
Categories »
extra-civical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪvᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪvᵻk(ə)l/
beyond the province or privileges of a citizen.
extra-civically adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪvᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɪvᵻk(ə)li/
ΚΠ
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 12 590 Those men..were proceeding extra-civically perhaps, but surely with sound patriotism.
extra-claustral adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈklɔːstr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈklɔstrəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈklɑstrəl/
living out of a cloister; secular.
ΚΠ
1889 R. L. Poole Wyclif's De Off. Reg. 112 (margin) The status of the extraclaustral clergy instituted by Christ is the most perfect.
extraconscious adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒnʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑnʃəs/
outside or above what is conscious.
ΚΠ
1865 A. C. Fraser in N. Brit. Rev. 43 29 We have no practical need for the extra~conscious existence of anything that we apply language to.
1900 A. T. Ormond Found. Knowl. iii. 90 An extra~conscious sphere which exists as yet only as implicate or postulate.
1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook xxiv. 334 Biologists..are..apt to find the solutions of their problems in sleep and extraconscious processes.
Categories »
extraconscious adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒnʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑnʃəs/
extra-consciousness n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
ΚΠ
1897 W. James Will to Believe 311 The ‘extra-consciousness’, as one may call it, can be kept on tap, as it were, by the method of automatic writing.
extra-constellary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒnstᵻləri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑnstəˌlɛri/
Astronomy situated outside, hence, not classed under, any constellation.
ΚΠ
1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. I Extra-constellary stars.
1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. , and in mod. Dicts.
extra-constellated adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒnstᵻleɪtᵻd/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑnstəˌleɪdᵻd/
= extra-constellary adj.
ΚΠ
1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Extra-constellated,..placed or situated out of a constellation.
extra-continental adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkɒntᵻˈnɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌkɑn(t)əˈnɛn(t)l/
beyond or outside a continent; (U.S.) outside the western hemisphere.
ΚΠ
1938 Tablet 8 Oct. 469/1 England being an extra-continental Power, it is to France that the small nations would most readily turn.
1960 Organization of American States, Declaration 28 June in Ann. Reg. 1960 (1961) 532 The Seventh Meeting..Condemns emphatically intervention..from an extra~continental Power in the affairs of the American republics.
extra-corial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɔriəl/
pertaining to the outside skin or epidermis. [ < extra- prefix + classical Latin corium hide (see corium n.) + -al suffix1.]
ΚΠ
1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 80 All these varieties have their seat [in] the extracorial or exodermal structure.
extra-corporeal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkɔːˈpɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌkɔrˈpɔriəl/
outside the body.
ΚΠ
1865 G. Grote Plato II. xxiv. 218 Its prior extra-corporeal existence.
1913 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7) Extracorporeal, outside of the body: said of the stages of a parasite passed elsewhere than in the host.
extra-corpuscular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkɔːˈpʌskjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌkɔrˈpəskjələr/
(see quot. 1901).
ΚΠ
1901 Practitioner Mar. 274 Laveran formerly regarded these forms of the parasite as extra-corpuscular.
extra-cosmical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɒzmᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkɑzmək(ə)l/
acting outside the cosmos or universe.
ΚΠ
1865 G. Grote Plato I. i. 158 He did not proclaim his Nous to be a powerful extra-cosmical Architect.
extra-cranial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkreɪnɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkreɪniəl/
Anatomy lying or situated outside the skull.
ΚΠ
1884 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Extra~cranial.
1887 S. Sexton in Amer. Ann. Deaf July 153 The hearing organ in man has both an intracranial and an extracranial origin.
extra-curial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈkjʊərɪəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈkjɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈkjʊriəl/
arranged or made outside a court of law. [ < extra- prefix + classical Latin cūria court of justice (see curia n.) + -al suffix1.]
ΚΠ
1882 B. Leech in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 473 Those extra-curial settlements, without which the Act will prove a complete legislative failure.
extra-cutaneous adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkjuːˈteɪnɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌkjuˈteɪniəs/
outside the skin, outside the true skin as opposed to the epidermis. [After French extra-cutané (1808 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 77 The varieties in the colour of the body, and the texture of the inner and outer integuments, depend on the organisation of parts, which are in one sense extra-cutaneous.
extra-decretal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrədᵻˈkriːtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrədəˈkrid(ə)l/
not included in the ‘Decretals’.
ΚΠ
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 6/2 Extradecretal and extrauagant constitutions.
extra-diocesan adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrədʌɪˈɒsᵻs(ə)n/
,
/ˌɛkstrədʌɪˈɒsᵻz(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌdaɪˈɑsəs(ə)n/
outside the diocese. [Compare post-classical Latin extradioecesanus (1571 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1789 W. Scott in J. Haggard Rep. Cases Consistory Court London (1822) I. 34 Supposing the jury..had been of opinion it was extra~parochial,—that the place may be so, and not extra~diocesan, is not to be denied.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 14 July 1/3 The island [sc. Lundy] is extra-diocesan and extra~parochial.
extradural adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈdjʊərəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈdjɔːrəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒʊərəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒɔːrəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈd(j)ʊrəl/
outside the dura mater.
ΚΠ
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 249/2 Extradural.
1907 Practitioner Nov. 731 The causes of exophthalmos..are..tumours of the optic nerve, which are either intra-dural or extra-dural.
1962 Lancet 27 Jan. 172/1 The ‘lucid interval’ syndrome, classically associated with extra~dural hæmorrhage.
extra-embryonic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɛmbrɪˈɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɛmbriˈɑnɪk/
outside the embryo.
ΚΠ
1913 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 7) 348/2 Extra-embryonic, not a part of the embryo proper: applied to that portion of the embryo outside of the umbilical stalk.
1958 New Biol. 26 24 The extra~embryonic part of the blastoderm soon becomes divided into chorion and yolk sac.
extra-essential adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ᵻˈsɛnʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəəˈsɛn(t)ʃəl/
not included in the essence of some thing. [After post-classical Latin extraessentialis (1628 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > non-essential
accidental1387
casual1398
incident1523
accidentary?1549
accessarya1555
chanceablea1557
accessory1563
circumstant1583
advenient1594
adventive1605
adventitial1607
circumstantial1608
contingent1628
adventious1633
incidental1644
accessional1646
contingential1647
non-essential1647
extra-essential1667
attachable1798
dividuous1816
inessential1832
peripheral1902
1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 306 Tis extra-essential to the Form that is said to be previous.
1676 J. Glanvill Ess. vii. 25 They perswaded modestly in all extraessential doctrines.
1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Mar. 330 Something extra-essential in the philosophy.
extra-essentially adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ᵻˈsɛnʃl̩i/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ᵻˈsɛnʃəli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəəˈsɛn(t)ʃəli/
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adverb] > non-essentially or incidentally
accidentallya1398
accidentlya1460
accidentarily1591
extra-essentiallya1652
adventitiously1653
circumstantially1656
incidentally1665
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. vii. 105 They ought to judge of things as they are in their own naked essences, and not with respect to that which extraessentially adheres to them.
extra-European adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəjʊərəˈpiːən/
,
/ˌɛkstrəjɔːrəˈpiːən/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌjərəˈpiən/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˌjʊrəˈpiən/
not found in Europe; also, beyond the boundaries of Europe.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 42 Neither can it be affirmed of extra-European species.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 9/3 The Morocco incident shows that arrangements ought to be made by France and Germany with regard to their extra-European interests.
1942 L. B. Namier Conflicts 1 European interests and entanglements have defeated the extra-European expansion of the Continental nations.
extra-experiential adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ᵻkspɪərɪˈɛnʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəᵻkˌspɪriˈɛn(t)ʃəl/
outside experience.
ΚΠ
1904–5 W. James Meaning of Truth (1909) iii. 69 There may or may not be an extra-experiential ‘ding an sich’ that keeps the ball rolling.
1951 Mind 60 18 Extra~experiential knowledge.
extra-familial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəfəˈmɪlɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəfəˈmɪljəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəfəˈmɪliəl/
outside the family.
ΚΠ
1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After xi. 312 Their nutrition is surprisingly average—doubtless due to extra-familial feeding in schools.
extrafascicular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəfəˈsɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəfəˈsɪkjələr/
(see quot. 1902).
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 419/1 In the Permo-Carboniferous species... In certain cases the structure was further complicated by the appearance of extrafascicular zones exterior to the whole stelar system.
extra-foliaceous adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəfəʊlɪˈeɪʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌfoʊliˈeɪʃəs/
Botany without or external to the leaf. [After post-classical Latin extrafoliaceus (1764 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. H Extrafoliaceæ stipulæ, Extrafoliaceous stipules.
1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 147 Prickles two, extra-foliaceous.
1884 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon
extra-formal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈfɔːml/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈfɔrm(ə)l/
beyond or away from the strict form; informal.
ΚΠ
1833 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 212 The distinction of the enthymeme through the extraformal character of its premises.
extra-foveal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈfəʊvɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈfoʊviəl/
lying or occurring outside the fovea of the retina.
ΚΠ
1904 Westm. Gaz. 15 June 1/3 A plate of platinum heated until it is dull and glowing is first seen by the extra-foveal portions of the retina.
1947 Nature 4 Jan. 25 Measurements were also attempted for extra-foveal vision.
extra-galactic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəɡəˈlaktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəɡəˈlæktɪk/
Astronomy outside the galaxy or Milky-way.
ΚΠ
1851 J. P. Nichol Archit. Heavens (ed. 9) 110 An extra-galactic phenomenon.
1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours xi. 264 The scattered stars of very low magnitudes in the extragalactic heavens.
extra-governmental adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəɡʌvnˈmɛntl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəɡʌvəˈmɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɡəvər(n)ˈmɛn(t)l/
beyond the province or proper course of government.
ΚΠ
1866 A. L. Perry Elem. Pol. Econ. (1873) 515 [It] is as pitiful on the one side as it is extra-governmental on the other.
extra-grammatical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəɡrəˈmatᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəɡrəˈmædək(ə)l/
(see quot. 1871).
ΚΠ
1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue iii. 167 A group..extra-grammatical..in the sense that they do not enter into the grammatical construction.
extrahepatic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəhᵻˈpatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəhəˈpædɪk/
outside the liver.
ΚΠ
1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 341/2 Extrahepatic biliary exploration had shown no abnormality, but cholecystectomy was performed.
Categories »
extra-historic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəhɪˈstɒrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌhɪˈstɔrɪk/
situated outside or beyond the sphere of history.
extra-historical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəhɪˈstɒrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. 111 i. iv. They included elements human and historical as well as elements divine and extra~historical.
extra-human n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈhjuːmən/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈ(h)jumən/
outside the human race, or the conditions of human life.
ΚΠ
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. i. 1 Various monstrous natures, ultra~human and extra-human, who cannot with propriety be called gods.
1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law i. 12 Supposing an extra-human interposition.
1877 J. Morley Crit. Misc. 2nd Ser. 332 His conditions are wholly extra-human.
extra-hundredal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈhʌndrədl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈhəndrəd(ə)l/
not included in any hundred.
ΚΠ
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. xi. 402 (note) A manor of ancient demesne was extra-hundredal.
extra-inductive adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɪnˈdʌktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəᵻnˈdəktɪv/
beyond the province of, or unattainable by, induction.
ΚΠ
1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. i. §1. 246 The idea of mind is extra-inductive.
extra-intellectual adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɪntᵻˈlɛktʃʊəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ɪntᵻˈlɛktʃ(ᵿ)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ɪntᵻˈlɛktjʊəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ɪntᵻˈlɛktjᵿl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɪn(t)əˈlɛk(t)ʃ(əw)əl/
beyond the reach of, or imperceptible by, the intellect.
ΚΠ
1885 Life J. Hinton vi. 118 It is extra-intellectual as the ‘line’ is extra~sensuous.
extra-judaical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrədʒuːˈdeɪᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌdʒuˈdeɪᵻk(ə)l/
outside the conditions of the Jewish dispensation.
ΚΠ
1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer II. 6 The vestiges of extra-patriarchal and extra-judaical relations between God and man are undeniable.
extra-jugal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈdʒuːɡl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈdʒuɡ(ə)l/
beyond, or not harnessed to, the yoke.
ΚΠ
1782 T. Pownall Treat. Study Antiq. 259 We read in Homer, in the case of Achilles' chariot, of an additional extrajugal horse.
extra-jural adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈdʒʊərəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒʊərl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈdʒʊrəl/
(see quot. 1875). [ < extra- prefix + classical Latin iūr-, iūs law (see jure n.) + -al suffix1.]
ΚΠ
1875 E. Poste in tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iv. Comm. 516 Extra-jural or outside the court.
extra-legal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈliːɡl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈliɡ(ə)l/
beyond the province of law; not regulated by law. [ < post-classical Latin extra-legalis (4th cent.) < classical Latin extra- extra- prefix + lēgālis legal adj.]
ΚΠ
1644 P. Hunton Vindic. Treat. Monarchy ix. 65 It concernes only..their Absolute, extra-legall Will; not their Authority.
1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 4 239 The extra-legal perpetuation of authority.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. xii. 384 The word ‘Government’..has come to be applied to this extra~legal body.
1889 Spectator 12 Oct. 465/2 The legal and extra-legal expenditure..for election purposes.
extra-limital adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪmᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪmᵻd(ə)l/
beyond the limits of a country or district. [ < extra- prefix + classical Latin līmit-, līmes limit n. + -al suffix1.]
ΚΠ
1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 45 The extralimital quotations to the southward are very numerous.
1883 Nature 4 Jan. 221/1 Other species..and..hybrids, which are extra-limital, or may sooner or later be found straying into Switzerland.
extra-limitary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪmᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪməˌtɛri/
situated beyond the limit or bounds. [Translating ancient Greek ἀόριστος without boundaries (see aorist n.).]
ΚΠ
1820 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 73 (note) The Megarians..had cultivated some sacred extralimitary land.
1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict.
† extra-ˈlineal adj. Obsolete beyond or off the line of rectitude.
ΚΠ
1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 254 'Tis..by extra-lineal motions to violate the Sacred interest of Society.
extra-lingual adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɪŋɡwəl/
outside the bounds of language.
ΚΠ
1961 Y. Olsson On Syntax Eng. Verb ii. 16 The problem of dealing with language as related to extra~lingual phenomena.
1963 J. Lyons Struct. Semantics iv. 56 Extralingual features (e.g. situations).
extra-linguistic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
outside the field of linguistics; = extra-lingual adj.
ΚΠ
1927 Mod. Philol. Nov. 212 Extra-linguistic group habits.
1935 Mind 44 505 The danger of using the material mode is that it misleads us into thinking that pseudo-object sentences are concerned with extra-linguistic objects such as numbers, things, properties, experiences, space, time, and so on.
1964 E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Translating v. 70 While referential meanings are extralinguistic, extrasomatic, and situational.., emotive meanings are extralinguistic, somatic and behavioral.
extra-logical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
lying beyond the legitimate domain of logic.
ΚΠ
1833 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 212 The two books of the Prior Analytics [Aristotle's]..are swelled with extralogical discussions.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ix. 269 The consideration of Fallacies is extralogical.
extra-logically adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɒdʒᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈlɑdʒək(ə)li/
ΚΠ
a1856 W. Hamilton Discuss. Philos. & Lit. (ed. 2) 164 A universal quantification of the predicate in affirmatives has been frequently recognized..extralogically.
extra-marginal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɑːdʒᵻnl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈmɑːdʒn̩l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɑrdʒən(ə)l/
outside the field of consciousness.
ΚΠ
1898 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 440 The humbugging and masquerading extra-marginal self is as great a paradox for psychology as the comatose spirits are for pneumatology.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience 233 Feelings which are extra-marginal and outside of the primary consciousness altogether.
† extra-maˈrine adj. Obsolete of or pertaining to what is beyond the sea; from beyond the sea. [ < post-classical Latin extramarinus (5th cent.) < classical Latin extra- extra- prefix + marīnus marine adj.]
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land
un-i-cundeeOE
althedisheOE
althedyOE
elelendisha1000
fremda1000
outlandishOE
strange1297
outenc1300
unkindc1300
outlandsc1330
foreign?1435
outland1488
peregrine1532
uncouth1533
forinsecal1539
exterior1540
extern1543
unnative1568
uplandish1586
external1587
tramontane1596
exotical1601
estranged1614
undenizened1635
extra-marine1639
outlanding1643
ultramarine1656
transmontane1727
forinsec service1728
foreigneering1806
trans-oceanic1827
vilayati1843
alienized1860
oversea1881
overwater1889
overseas1892
furrin1895
non-native1932
1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) sig. G3v Medicinall subject, of heathen production and extramarine importation.
extra-marital adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmarᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛrəd(ə)l/
of sexual relationships outside marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous > outside marriage (of sexual relations)
extra-matrimonial1811
extra-marital1929
extracurricular1930
1929 B. Russell Marriage & Morals v. 51 We, however, wish to appeal to reason, and we must therefore employ dull neutral phrases, such as ‘extra-marital sexual relations’.
1963 in A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex i. 6 The incidence of extra-marital intercourse is great.
extra-maritally adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmarᵻtl̩i/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈmarᵻtəli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛrədl̩i/
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adverb] > adulterously
adulterouslya1450
extra-maritally1967
1967 J. Potter Foul Play vii. 91 Sandwiched between the pair of them: one said to be queer and the other extra~maritally active.
extra-material adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəməˈtɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəməˈtɪriəl/
(see quot. 1880).
ΚΠ
1880 A. Winchell Preadamites (ed. 2) 271 I maintain that the derivative theory implies the perpetual exertion of extra-material power which is tantamount to creation.
extra-matrical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmatrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmætrək(ə)l/
situated outside the matrix or receptacle of a parasitical plant. [After German extramatrical (1884 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 383 In Cuscuta the extramatrical portion is very little developed.
extra-matrimonial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəmatrᵻˈməʊnɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl/
outside of matrimonial relations.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous > outside marriage (of sexual relations)
extra-matrimonial1811
extra-marital1929
extracurricular1930
1811 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 32 118 Does not Christianity expressly declare against all extra-matrimonial gratification?
extra-medial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmiːdɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmidiəl/
lying outside or beyond the middle line.
ΚΠ
1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 247 The præmedial and extramedial [areolets] are usually coalescent.
extra-mental adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛn(t)l/
beyond the mind; independent of mental apprehension.
ΚΠ
1853 H. L. Mansel Lett., Lect. & Rev. (1873) 84 This is a criterion..of the mental conceivability, not of the extra-mental existence of an object.
1886 J. McCosh Psychol., Cognitive Powers i. 27 All knowledge obtained through the senses is discerned as extra-mental, that is, as out of and beyond the perceiving mind.
1903 C. A. Strong Why Mind has Body 214 Extra-mental realities.
1958 W. Stark Sociol. of Knowl. 140 But it is not claimed by the sociology of knowledge that ideas are the intra-mental effects of extra-mental causes.
extra-meridional adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəmᵻˈrɪdɪənl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəməˈrɪdiən(ə)l/
Astronomy of or pertaining to deviation from the meridian.
ΚΠ
1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy ii. 90 If it [the pole star] pass from one to the other apparent culmination in unequal intervals of time, it is equally certain that an extra-meridional error must exist.
extra-metaphysical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəmɛtəˈfɪzᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌmɛdəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
outside the sphere of metaphysical enquiry.
ΚΠ
1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. i. §1. 244 The hypothesis itself..is extra-metaphysical.
extra-metrical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛtrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmɛtrək(ə)l/
exceeding the number of feet or syllables proper to a metre; = hypermetrical adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [adjective] > composed in feet > hypermetrical
extra-metrical1863
outriding1877
hypermetrical1886
1863 W. G. Clark & J. Glover Wks. Shakespeare I. Pref. p. xviii Of another practice..making a line end with two unaccented ‘extrametrical’ syllables.
extra-metropolitan adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəmɛtrəˈpɒlᵻtn/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətn/
situated outside the metropolitan boundary.
ΚΠ
1885 Law Times 79 253/1 This Act..only concerned extra~metropolitan local boards.
extramorainic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəməˈreɪnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəməˈreɪnɪk/
situated beyond, or not associated with, a moraine.
ΚΠ
1891 Amer. Geol. VIII. 239 The thickness of this extra-morainic till ranges from 30 to 70 feet.
1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 460/2 These features are best termed ‘proglacial lakes’, though the term ‘extra-morainic lakes’ has also been used.
extra-musical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈmjuːzᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈmjuzək(ə)l/
outside the field of music; not an intrinsic part of music.
ΚΠ
1925 I. A. Richards Princ. Lit. Crit. xviii. 156 These physical laws are, as it were, an extra~musical piece of knowledge.
1968 Daily Tel. 12 Nov. 19/1 It would be difficult..to say just how much of the impact which the work made on the large audience was due to extra-musical reasons.
extra-national adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈnaʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈnæʃən(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈnæʃn(ə)l/
outside the limits of a nation.
ΚΠ
1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton viii. 223 Out of a political fact, arose the extra-national..position.
extra-natural adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈnatʃ(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈnætʃər(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈnætʃr(ə)l/
outside the operation of natural laws. [Compare post-classical Latin extranaturalis unnatural (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian).]
ΚΠ
1794 J. Williams Crying Epist. 55 (note) This..extra~natural Statesman.
1876 T. H. Huxley Lect. Evol. in Cycl. Sci. (1883) I. 607 There may have been a time when..extra~natural agencies interfered with the general course of Nature.
extra-nuclear adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈnjuːklɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈn(j)ukliər/
placed outside the nucleus of a cell.
ΚΠ
1887 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 28 96 The extranuclear network (intracellular) is apparently of the same nature as the intranuclear, since the two have been shown to be continuous in many cells.
extranuptial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈnʌpʃl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈnʌptʃ(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈnəp(t)ʃ(ə)l/
(see quot. 1902).
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 433/2 These nectaries, often termed nuptial, to distinguish them from similar ones which occur upon parts of the plant away from the flower (extranuptial).
extra-ocular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈɒkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈɑkjələr/
situated or occurring outside the eyes.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxiv. 513 In Nepa the antennæ may be called extraocular.
1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 768 Complications of cataract with extra-ocular disease.
extra-official adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)əˈfɪʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəəˈfɪʃ(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˌoʊˈfɪʃ(ə)l/
outside the legitimate duties or emoluments of an office.
ΚΠ
1797 Monthly Rev. 22 240 Mr. Robinson..must excuse us from attention to extra-official matters.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 45 Many a job, extra-official, hath he turned his hand to.
extra-orbital adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈɔːbᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈɔrbəd(ə)l/
Zoology, situated outside the orbit or eye-cavity (of a crustacean).
ΚΠ
1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 373 The arm projects..beyond the extraorbital spine.
extra-orbitally adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈɔːbᵻtl̩i/
,
/ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈɔːbᵻtəli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈɔrbədəli/
ΚΠ
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 3 The duct of the extraorbitally-placed portion.
extra-organic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɔːˈɡanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɔrˈɡænɪk/
outside the organism.
ΚΠ
1866 J. McCosh Exam. of J. S. Mill's Philos. 121 The world beyond the body..I call the extra-organic world.
1935 Mind 44 549 It will be necessary, no doubt, ‘to recognise that bodily factors, and not only extra-organic things, may, in certain situations, function as objects’.
extra-organismal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ɔːɡəˈnɪzml/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɔrɡəˈnɪzm(ə)l/
= extra-organic adj.
ΚΠ
1923 Glasgow Herald 16 Nov. 4/2 There is obviously considerable change from generation to generation, but most of this is extra-organismal and only repercusses indirectly, if at all, on the flesh and blood constitution.
extra-organismic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəɔːɡəˈnɪzmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌɔrɡəˈnɪzmɪk/
= extra-organic adj.
ΚΠ
1955 F. Lounsbury in Georgetown Univ. Inst. Lang. & Linguistics Monogr. Ser. VIII. 162 The ‘meanings’ dichotomized by this criterion may be referred to as intraorganismic and extraorganismic meanings respectively.
extra-ovate adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈəʊveɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈoʊˌveɪt/
(a) adj. exterior to the egg; (b) n. a part of the ovum extruded through a rupture in the membrane.
ΚΠ
1893 J. Loeb Biol. Lect. 52 It often happens that the extra-ovate receives its nucleus later.
extra-parental adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpəˈrɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəpəˈrɛn(t)l/
occurring outside the body of the parent.
ΚΠ
1864 Athenæum No. 1920. 215/3 The individuality of the butterfly is..perfect through all these visible and extra-parental metamorphoses.
extra-patriarchal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəpatrɪˈɑːkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/
outside the conditions of the patriarchal dispensation.
ΚΠ
1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer II. 6 In..extra-patriarchal..relations.
extra-peritoneal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpɛrᵻtəˈniːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌpɛrətnˈiəl/
‘outside the peritoneum’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1884).
ΚΠ
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 19/2 The viscera intra-peritoneal and extra-peritoneal.
extra-peritoneally adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpɛrᵻtəˈniːəli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌpɛrətnˈiəli/
(see quot. 1907).
ΚΠ
1907 Practitioner Apr. 481 Old cases, in which there is no fear of severe haemorrhage, may be treated extra-peritoneally.
extra-personal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈpəːsn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈpəːsən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈpərs(ə)nəl/
situated or coming from outside a person.
ΚΠ
1909 H. Zimmern tr. F. Nietzsche Human, All-too-Human I. 48 Everything extra-personal is imperceptible to them [sc. most people].
1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist iv. 152 Some great extra-personal flood of soul, into the meagre stream of everyday life.
1964 M. Critchley Developmental Dyslexia ix. 60 The result of a failure of lateral orientation with reference to corporeal awareness, and the organisation of self within extra-personal space.
extra-phenomenal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəfᵻˈnɒmᵻnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəfəˈnɑmən(ə)l/
(see quot. 1918).
ΚΠ
1918 P. H. Osmond Mystical Poets Eng. Church viii. 286 There are many today to whom mysticism, to be genuine must be extra-phenomenal.
extra-physical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈfɪzᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
not subject to physical laws or methods.
ΚΠ
1822 ‘P. Beauchamp’ Anal. Infl. Nat. Relig. ii. 123 Applications for extra-physical guidance.
extra-planetary adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈplanᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈplænəˌtɛri/
beyond the region of the planets' movements.
ΚΠ
1869 T. L. Phipson tr. A. Guillemin Sun (1870) 77 The aphelion distance of the comet of 1844..is lost in extra~planetary space.
extrapolar adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈpəʊlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈpoʊlər/
(see quot. 1901).
ΚΠ
1901 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 2) Extrapolar, situated or occurring outside, or not between, the poles, as of a battery.
extra-popular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈpɒpjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈpɑpjələr/
outside or independent of the people; not drawn from the ranks of the people.
ΚΠ
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. i. xxxi. 211 An extra-popular or privileged few.
1856 G. Grote Hist. Greece XII. ii. xciv. 358 A greater and a less measure of extra-popular authority.
extra-professional adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəprəˈfɛʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəprəˈfɛʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəprəˈfɛʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəproʊˈfɛʃ(ə)nəl/
(a) (of persons) out of the ranks of a profession; (b) (of things) outside the course of professional duties.
ΚΠ
1799 T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. Introd. 10 The leisure of the extra-professional members.
1809 Med. Repository 2nd Hexade 6 259 These studies were extra-professional.
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxviii. 592 No extra-professional person thinks of contesting the decision of a surgeon.
extra-pyramidal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpᵻˈramᵻdl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəpəˈræməd(ə)l/
outside the pyramidal tracts (see pyramidal adj. 3a).
ΚΠ
1912 Brain 34 296 This affection, where it occurs in an uncomplicated form, is an extra-pyramidal motor disease.
1965 Nursing Times 5 Feb. 188/1 Parkinsonism may be seen fairly frequently in patients who have had chlorpromazine for a considerable period, owing to its effect on the extra-pyramidal system.
extra-red adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛd/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛd/
said of rays outside the visible spectrum at its red extremity; also ultra-red.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red
extra-red1860
infra-red1881
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. vi. 254 Water then absorbs all the extra red rays of the sun.
extra-regular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛɡjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛɡ(jə)lər/
outside of, or transgressing the rule; in addition to what is regular.
ΚΠ
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar Pref. ⁋24 An extraregular..punishment.
1678 Lively Orac. ii. §53. 258 Men..set up new extraregular Courts of Justice.
1739 J. Trapp Righteous Over-much 35 These extra-regular Novelists.
extra-regularly adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛɡjᵿləli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈrɛɡ(jə)lərli/
ΚΠ
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 21 Extraregularly..holy persons have miscarried in battle.
extrarenal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈriːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈrin(ə)l/
outside the kidneys.
ΚΠ
1885 C. H. Ralfe Pract. Treat. Dis. Kidneys iii. 159 Extra-Renal [albuminuria] in which the albumin is mainly derived from the pus formed in the genito-urinary tract.
1964 O. Kinne in Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 302 Both renal and extrarenal active ion transport require oxidative energy.
extra-sacerdotal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəsakəˈdəʊtl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəsasəˈdəʊtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌsæsərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˌsækərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
outside or forming no part of the priesthood.
ΚΠ
1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 95 An extra~sacerdotal class, namely that of the prophets.
extra-scientific adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəsʌɪənˈtɪfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
beyond the scope of science, incapable of scientific investigation.
ΚΠ
1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist v. §2. 325 It may be pronounced transcendental, or extra-scientific.
extra-scriptural adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈskrɪptʃ(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈskrɪptʃ(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈskrɪp(t)ʃərəl/
drawn from sources outside the Scriptures.
ΚΠ
1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 181 Each of these extra-scriptural Articles of Faith.
1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iv. xxvi. 416 We should bring forward some extra-scriptural evidence of the recognition of the doctrine.
extra-scripturality n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəskrɪptʃᵿˈralᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌskrɪp(t)ʃəˈrælədi/
ΚΠ
1842 G. S. Faber Provinc. Lett. (1844) II. 48 That congeries of Extra~scripturalities and Unscripturalities which characterised the fourth century.
extra-sensible adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛnsᵻbl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛnsəb(ə)l/
(something that is) beyond the reach of sensuous perception.
ΚΠ
1874 G. H. Lewes Probl. Life & Mind II. iv. §85 The distinction..between the conception of atoms as extrasensibles and the conception of them as convenient fictions.
extra-sensuous adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛnsjʊəs/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈsɛnʃʊəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsɛn(t)ʃəwəs/
= extra-sensible adj. and n. adj.
ΚΠ
1885 Life J. Hinton vi. 118 Extra-sensuous.
extra-social adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsəʊʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsoʊʃ(ə)l/
outside society.
ΚΠ
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Extra-social.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Jan. 26/4 The extra-social, inner-directed group-life as practised by Epicurus and his friends.
extrasolar adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈsəʊlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈsoʊlər/
outside the solar system.
ΚΠ
1889 Cent. Dict. Extrasolar.
1953 J. Blish Case of Conscience (1958) i. i. 13 Don't forget that Lithia is my first extrasolar planet.
1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics vi. 285 The existence of extrasolar planets would have to be proved by astronomical means.
extra-spatial adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈspeɪʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈspeɪʃ(ə)l/
not in, or not forming part of, space.
ΚΠ
1931 S. Beckett Proust 72 Swann who..spatialises what is extraspatial.
1943 Mind 52 343 The individual consciousness..does not and cannot regard itself as being literally timeless and extra-spatial.
extra-spectral adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈspɛktr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈspɛktrəl/
lying outside the visible spectrum.
ΚΠ
1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) xxiv. 236 There are three extra-spectral lines beyond the red.
extra-stapedial n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəstəˈpiːdɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəstəˈpidiəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˌsteɪˈpidiəl/
(see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 710/2 The tongue-shaped and fenestrate extra-stapedial.
extra-stomachal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈstɒməkl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈstʌməkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈstəmək(ə)l/
taking place outside the stomach.
ΚΠ
1881 C. Darwin Form. Veg. Mould 4 I am not aware of any other case of extra-stomachal digestion.
extra-syllogistic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəsɪləˈdʒɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌsɪləˈdʒɪstɪk/
beyond the scope of, or irreducible to, a syllogism.
ΚΠ
1881 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 3) II. vi. viii. 97 Simple deliverances of reason..having the highest degree of certainty, which are entirely extra-syllogistic.
extra-systemic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəsᵻˈstɛmɪk/
,
/ˌɛkstrəsᵻˈstiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəsəˈstɛmɪk/
outside the system; not according to a system.
ΚΠ
1935 Mind 44 509 We are forced to ask whether these purposes can themselves lie wholly within the system constructed, or whether they are extra-systemic and thus extra-linguistic.
1964 Language 40 20 An extrasystemic abbreviating device.
extra-tabular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈtabjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈtæbjələr/
not contained in a table or list of weights, etc.
ΚΠ
1780 Kirwan in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 29 The extra-tabular proportions are to be sought in the manner already shewn.
extra-tellurian adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrətɛˈljʊərɪən/
,
/ˌɛkstrətᵻˈljʊərɪən/
,
/ˌɛkstrətɛˈljɔːrɪən/
,
/ˌɛkstrətᵻˈljɔːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrətəˈl(j)ʊriən/
beyond or away from the earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > space > [adjective]
apogeana1644
ultramundane1656
extramundane1661
super-aerial1664
outworldish1674
unterrestrial1745
transmundane1777
extra-terrene1843
cosmical1849
extra-telluric1868
extra-terrestrial1868
exterrestrial1870
cosmic1876
extra-tellurian1881
supermundane1883
Uranian1908
contraterrene1946
space-borne1952
space-borne1967
spacy1967
1881 19th Cent. 455 Divine beings and extra-tellurian life.
extra-telluric adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrətɛˈljʊərɪk/
,
/ˌɛkstrətᵻˈljʊərɪk/
,
/ˌɛkstrətɛˈljɔːrɪk/
,
/ˌɛkstrətᵻˈljɔːrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrətəˈl(j)ʊrɪk/
outside or not found among the constituent elements of the earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > space > [adjective]
apogeana1644
ultramundane1656
extramundane1661
super-aerial1664
outworldish1674
unterrestrial1745
transmundane1777
extra-terrene1843
cosmical1849
extra-telluric1868
extra-terrestrial1868
exterrestrial1870
cosmic1876
extra-tellurian1881
supermundane1883
Uranian1908
contraterrene1946
space-borne1952
space-borne1967
spacy1967
1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 197 The extra-telluric matters of which the meteor was composed.
extra-temporal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛxtrəˈtɛmp(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɛxtrəˈtɛmp(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɛxtrəˈtɛmp(ə)rəl/
outside of, or forming no part of, the sequence of time.
ΚΠ
1865 G. Grote Plato I. i. 22 (note) In the Platonic Parmenides we find τὸ ἐξαίϕνης..an extra-temporal moment.
extra-terrene adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈtɛriːn/
,
/ˌɛkstrətɛˈriːn/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrətəˈrin/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈtɛˌrin/
= existing or originating outside the earth or its atmosphere; hence as n., a being living or originating beyond the earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > space > [adjective]
apogeana1644
ultramundane1656
extramundane1661
super-aerial1664
outworldish1674
unterrestrial1745
transmundane1777
extra-terrene1843
cosmical1849
extra-telluric1868
extra-terrestrial1868
exterrestrial1870
cosmic1876
extra-tellurian1881
supermundane1883
Uranian1908
contraterrene1946
space-borne1952
space-borne1967
spacy1967
1843 T. De Quincey Ceylon in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 625/2 A local..upon our earth, and not in some extra-terrene orb.
extra-terrestrial adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrətᵻˈrɛstrɪəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrətɛˈrɛstrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrətəˈrɛstriəl/
= extra-terrene adj.
ΘΠ
the world > the universe > space > [adjective]
apogeana1644
ultramundane1656
extramundane1661
super-aerial1664
outworldish1674
unterrestrial1745
transmundane1777
extra-terrene1843
cosmical1849
extra-telluric1868
extra-terrestrial1868
exterrestrial1870
cosmic1876
extra-tellurian1881
supermundane1883
Uranian1908
contraterrene1946
space-borne1952
space-borne1967
spacy1967
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > extraterrestrial inhabitant
heavenwareOE
superlunary1649
Selenite1650
lunarian1708
planetarian1778
little green man1802
starling1839
alien1931
space colony1932
space alien1936
ET1944
outworlder1948
off-worlder1957
extra-terrestrial1963
Klingon1968
grey1989
1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 188 Bodies situated in the extra-terrestrial regions.
1882 Nature 21 Dec. 173/2 The oblique direction of the meteor..is another evidence of its extra-terrestrial origin.
1945 Wireless World Oct. 305 (title) Extra-terrestrial relays. Can rocket stations give world-wide radio coverage?
1963 M. Caidin Man-in-space Dict. 81/1 Extraterrestrial, anything or any being beyond the earth, or from some place other than the earth.
1966 New Statesman 8 July 58/3 Contact with extra-terrestrials will..come suddenly.
1967 New Scientist 5 Oct. 9/1 MacDonald himself, having started to study UFOs 18 months ago, feels that the idea that the UFOs are extraterrestrial must be given serious attention.
1969 Times 28 Apr. 10/8 Scientists have looked for signs of extraterrestrial life in meteorites.
extra-thecal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈθiːkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈθik(ə)l/
Zoology and Botany situated outside the theca.
ΚΠ
1856 W. L. Lindsay Pop. Hist. Brit. Lichens 70 The spores..sometimes appear naked, or extrathecal.
1887 G. H. Fowler in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXVIII. 7 By far the greatest thickness of the coral is laid down..by the calicoblasts of the extra-thecal part of the polyp.
extra-theistic adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəθɪˈɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəθiˈɪstɪk/
beyond the range of theism; independent of theistic inquiry.
ΚΠ
1881 G. J. Romanes in Nature 8 Sept. 429/1 It is neither theistic nor atheistic; it is simply extra-theistic.
extra-torrid adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈtɒrɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈtɔrəd/
existing outside the torrid zone.
ΚΠ
1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 1510 The extra-torrid species belong almost exclusively to the Mediterranean.
extra-tropical adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈtrɒpᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈtrɑpək(ə)l/
existing, situated, or taking place outside the tropics.
ΚΠ
1783 Blagden in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 73 368 The cold..abated 20 or 30 degrees..no greater alteration than frequently takes place in most extratropical climates.
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 232 Verbascum is wholly extratropical.
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 615 The cold extratropical currents that flow towards the equator.
extra-university adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəjuːnᵻˈvəːsᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌjunəˈvərsədi/
of or pertaining to matters outside the university.
ΚΠ
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Nov. 4/1 Extra university experience.
extra-urban adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrə(r)ˈəːb(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈərbən/
beyond or outside the walls of a city.
ΚΠ
1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 634 Extra-urban cemeteries.
extra-uterine adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈjuːtərʌɪn/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈjuːtərᵻn/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈjudərən/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈjudəˌraɪn/
existing, formed, or taking place outside the uterus.
ΚΠ
1709 J. Yonge in Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 428 Extra-uterine Embryo's have been sometimes found.
1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 498 An extra-uterine gestation had there taken place.
extra-vehicular adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəvᵻˈhɪkjᵿlə/
,
/ˌɛkstrəviːˈhɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəviˈhɪkjələr/
outside a vehicle; spec. denoting activity outside a space-vehicle while it is in flight.
ΚΠ
1965 New Scientist 18 Mar. 700/3 This ‘extravehicular activity’, as it is termed, will be the first exposure of man in this hostile environment without the protection of a heavy metal coat.
1966 New Scientist 16 June 703/2 Cernan..had to take repeated rests during his extravehicular activities.
extra-verbal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈvəːbl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈvərb(ə)l/
not employing or describable in words.
ΚΠ
1932 A. H. Gardiner Theory of Speech & Lang. i. i. 24 ‘Things’ to be spoken about are not simply illusory and..are extra-verbal (i.e. outside the words).
1961 Lancet 5 Aug. 308/2 The recording also serves to illustrate the various levels of verbal and ‘extraverbal’ communication.
extra-violet adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈvʌɪəlᵻt/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈvaɪələt/
Optics said of rays outside the visible spectrum at its violet extremity.
ΚΠ
1863 J. Tyndall Heat (1870) xii. 409 The pile was caused to pass successively through positions corresponding to the various colours of the spectrum, and to its extra-violet rays.
extra-visual adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈvɪzjʊəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈvɪʒʊəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈvɪzj(ᵿ)l/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈvɪʒ(ᵿ)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈvɪʒ(ə)wəl/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˈvɪʒəl/
not employing or connected with the faculty of sight; outside the normal range of sight.
ΚΠ
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 769/1 The extravisual zone just outside of it is practically incapable of accurately focussing light.
1959 H. Read Conc. Hist. Mod. Painting i. 14 Before Cézanne..the artist brought in extra-visual faculties—it might be his imagination, which enabled him to transform the objects of the visible world..or it might be his intellect.
extra-zodiacal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəzə(ʊ)ˈdʌɪəkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌzoʊˈdaɪək(ə)l/
Astronomy situated outside the zodiac.
ΚΠ
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. xiv. 344 ♃'s Opposition kindles it in the Asterism Extrazodiacal.
1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 359 Stellar spheres, seen from an extrazodiacal position.
2. Combinations of Latin extra adv., with sense ‘in an external condition’.
† extra-existence n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > objectivity > [noun]
objectivenessa1676
extra-existence1713
externalitya1790
objectivity1803
outerness1863
personal distance1902
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > existence in an external state
extra-existence1713
1713 A. Collier Clavis Universalis Introd. 6 My Enquiry is not concerning the Existence, but altogether of the Extra-existence of certain Things.

Draft additions 1993

extracorporeally adv.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəkɔːˈpɔːrɪəli/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌkɔrˈpɔriəli/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [adverb] > outside the body
extracorporeally1905
1905 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 2 286 They [sc. mental entities] yet act on each other in the most energetic way by those very characters which are so inert extracorporeally.
1987 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Oct. 891/2 The Dornier lithotripter produces fragmentation of renal calculi by extracorporeally administered shock waves.
extra-parliamentary n.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəpɑːləˈmɛnt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˌpɑrləˈmɛnt(ə)ri/
,
/ˌɛkstrəˌpɑrləˈmɛnəri/
occurring or being outside parliament; unparliamentary.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [adjective] > not
unparliamentary1626
antiparliamentary1656
extra-parliamentary1897
1897 J. Morley in Daily News 4 Oct. 8/2 Out-of-door or extra Parliamentary speaking.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 7/4 The Berlin correspondent of the ‘Times’ thinks the confirmation by the Reichstag of the extra-Parliamentary agreement will be rapid.
1971 A. Sampson New Anat. Brit. iii. 58 The extra-parliamentary left in Britain is much weaker than its equivalent in France, Italy or even Germany.
1981 Observer 12 July 10/8 BAM leaders use language which is decidedly extra-parliamentary. They speak of civil disobedience and of violence ‘if necessary’.

Draft additions June 2003

extra-nidal adj.
Brit. /ˌɛkstrəˈnʌɪdl/
,
U.S. /ˌɛkstrəˈnaɪd(ə)l/
Entomology and Ecology occurring or living outside the nest (of a social insect).
ΚΠ
1951 Proc. & Trans. S. London Entomol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1949–50 114 Nearly all nidicolous symphiles are predacious, whereas most of the extra-nidal symphiles (trophobionts) are phytophagous.
1976 Biotropica 8 60/1 The primary extra-nidal activities of Aenictus workers are foraging and colony emigration.
1992 Oecologia 92 542 Nectar transfer and extra-nidal recruitment significantly reduced the time required for resource collection.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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