fastingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈfɑːstɪŋ/,

/ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfæstɪŋ/

Forms: see fast v.¹ and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < fast v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old Frisian festinge (West Frisian fēsting), Middle Dutch vastinge, vestinge (Dutch vesting), Middle Low German vastinge, vestinge, Middle High German vestunge (German Festung), Old Icelandic festing, Old Swedish, Swedish †fästing, Danish †fæsting, in a range of senses ‘firmness, security, confirmation, fastening, strengthening, fortification, firmament’.

†1. The action of entrusting a person, esp. a child, to another's care. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) xvii. 58 Gif hwa oðrum his unmagan oðfæste, & he hine on ðære fæstinge forferie.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxxi. 239 He..wilnode, þæt he befæste Leandra þam biscope..his oðerne sunu... Þa gefylledre þære fæstinge [L. qua uidelicet conmendatione expleta] se ealda cyning wæs forðfered.

2. The action or an act of binding, fastening, or fixing securely. Cf. fast v.¹ 6a. Now rare and only in the context of handfasting ceremonies (see handfasting n. 2).

ΚΠ

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 158 Festynge to a thynge, confixio, fixura.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck De anckers aen den Timmer, a fasting of Ankers to the Timber.

2019 @HibiscusCeremo1 4 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) Tomorrow I shall be conducting a lovely wedding and the fasting of hands in some woods.

†3. Something used to fasten or secure something; a fastening. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2590 It stonaid þam all, For ferd þe festing suld faile.

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) 93 (MED) Þey vsedyn gallochis, a soole benethyn wyt a festyng abouyn þe foot.

Compounds

fasting penny n. English regional (chiefly northern) (now rare) a sum of money paid on hiring a servant, to secure the agreement; = fastening penny.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > payment by instalment or part-payment > an instalment > earnest money

earnest money1349

earnest1424

earnest penny1454

arles1487

bargain-penny1490

handsel1569

impress-money1617

depositum1623

fasting penny1650

deposit1737

arrha1754

handsale1766

fastening penny1811

sign-on1922

1650 N. Stanton Good Masters Plea 143 Take Gods Festing penny, receive his earnest, subscribe to the indentures of his Covenant.

1760 J. Courtney Diary 5 Nov. in Diary Yorks. Gentleman (2001) 30 This evening I hired one Thomas Lamb for my servant at 4 guineas a year... Half crown fasting penny.

1903 Sunderland Daily Echo 29 Dec. 3/7 Ernest Thomas, farm labourer, was committed for trial by the Barnsley magistrates yesterday for alleged ‘fasting penny’ frauds—that is, obtaining money from farmers whose employ he had agreed to enter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fastingn.²

Brit.

/ˈfɑːstɪŋ/,

/ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfæstɪŋ/

Forms: see fast v.² and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < fast v.² + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old Dutch fastinga (Middle Dutch vastinge, Dutch †vastinge), Middle Low German vastinge, in the senses ‘fasting, Lent’.

1. The action of fast v.² (in various senses); the fact or action of abstaining from or going without all or some kinds of food or drink; (also) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [noun]

fastenOE

fastingc1175

fast?c1225

abstinency1529

jejunation1623

uneating1692

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) 6364 Wiþþ fasstinng forr þe lufe off Godd, Wiþþ cneling & wiþþ wecche.

c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 216 (MED) Si Mirre signefiet uastinge.

c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) l. 73 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 201 In fastingues and in oresones fourtene niȝt he lai.

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 240 He was so feble for his michel fastyng, þat he was dede almost.

c1470 W. Wey Itineraries 14 By yonde ys a wyldernys of quaren tyne, Wher Cryst wyth fastyng hys body dyd pyne.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 530 Although fasting for merite bee iustly punishable by statute.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. viii. 388 Even fasting it self is meat and drink to him.

1748 A. Trembley in Philos. Trans. 1747 (Royal Soc.) 44 637 Fasting probably weakens them, and from their weakness arises an abatement in the quickness of their motions.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. viii. 123 Corporal punishment, fasting, and other tortures and terrors.

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha v. 66 Seven whole days and nights he fasted. On the first day of this fasting Through the leafy woods he wandered.

1890 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 7 609 In these days a considerable minority practise real fasting, and during Lent weaken themselves by the pangs of actual hunger.

1942 Science 6 Mar. 251/2 More studies ought to be made on the after-effects of fasting and simple undernutrition.

2020 @kcalbag 15 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) Can I have coffee/tea during fasting?

†2. A day or season appointed for abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink as an act of religious devotion or discipline; a fast. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [noun] > fasting time

fastinga1398

fast day1822

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. iii. 520 Þe firste wooke of lente..is þe fastinge of springinge tyme.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) viii. 20 The fastynges, that she had kept.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke vi. iv. f. cxx (heading) Watches were turned into fastes, fastyng of Fridaies and Wednesdaies, namyng the daies of the weke in sundry wise.

1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 81 He bids the Jewes, even in their fastings, to use it.

1744 J. Lewis Life R. Pecock 290 The observations or ceremonies in the mass, and of the fasting of Lent, and of many other such observations, which were all ordained by the holy fathers.

1851 E. G. Squier Serpent Symbol iv. 120 The fastings and other rites attending it [sc. the autumnal equinox] were analogous to those practiced in Florida.

2015 Pioneer (India) (Nexis) 10 Sept. (headline) Shiv Sena opposes BJP's move to ban meat during Jain fastings.

Compounds

C1. As a modifier, designating a period of time appointed for or observed with fasting, as fasting month, fasting time, fasting week.Recorded earliest in fasting day n.

ΚΠ

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 335 Þere beeþ bernakes [L. bernaces] foules liche to wylde gees... Men of religioun eteþ bernakes in fasting dayes.

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 364 Socrates writing..not onely of fasting times, but of the meates also.

1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 148 These seven leane Eares, these seven leane Kine, the seven Fasting Weeks in Lent, are now begun.

1728 A. Campbell Ἀρετη-λογια 158 Nothing consequently can be more Ridiculous, than for the Romish Clergy to tell us, that any Part of Religion consists in Fasting Days, and Fasting Weeks.

1851 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 5 30 His mother declared that when at the breast he never tasted milk during the fasting month.

1932 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 51 192 This extensive calendar of fasting periods points to local customary usage in the Arabian religion.

2020 @bai_mina 22 May in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) In #Iran you can't eat in public now in fasting month #Ramadan.

C2. In general use as a modifier, with the sense ‘of, relating to, or appropriate for fasting’, as fasting diet, fasting weeds, etc.

ΚΠ

1642 D. Rogers Matrimoniall Honovr i. 20 Hast thou oft, with Ioel's Bridegroome and Bride, come out of thy feasting Chamber, to hide thine head in thy fasting chamber?

1646 E. Calamy Great Danger Covenant-refusing 31 The many Vowes and Covenants that we have broken; our Sacrament-Covenants, our Fasting-Covenants, our Sick-bed-covenants.

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Ezra (Esther v. 1) 146 She laid aside her fasting-weeds, and put on her best.

1805 Northampton Mercury 14 Dec. (advt.) A large and convenient Yard, Butcher's Shop, Fasting-Pens, Cow-Hovel [etc.].

1825 John Bull 18 July 230/2 They are put on a fasting diet, a strong preparation from a tree is given to each, he who is sick first, or who dies first, is guilty.

1908 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1906–7 13 297 During this period they keep to a fasting diet—thin soups, etc.

1947 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 6 148 Whatever the means of adopting the old Byzantine fasting practice.

2012 M. Stacey Intermittent Fasting for Hungry People iii. 101 It's important to have an understanding of your medical history before starting a fasting program.

C3. Medicine and Biology. As a modifier, in the sense ‘produced, taken, performed, or measured after a period (usually overnight) of fasting’, as in fasting insulin level, fasting test, fasting urine, etc.See also fasting blood sugar n., and cf. earlier fasting spittle n. at Compounds 4.

ΚΠ

1852 Med. Times & Gaz. 10 Apr. 358/1 The food urine presented generally copious deposits of lithates; the fasting urine had none, or merely a very light flocculent deposit.

1907 Science 27 Sept. 408/2 It is possible to establish nitrogen equilibrium near the fasting level, if two thirds of the total quantity of nitrogen fed is given in the form of gelatin and only one third is present in the meat.

1912 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 52 ii. 370 The hydrogen ion concentration was estimated in the faeces of three men, two in water-drinking experiments, and one in a fasting test.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 913/1 The fasting blood lactate, pyruvate, isocitratedehydrogenase and blood sugar levels, were measured.

1990 Q. Jrnl. Med. 77 1278 Fasting blood and urine samples were requested for measurement of plasma concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, [etc.].

C4.

fasting blood sugar n. the concentration of glucose in the blood after a period (usually overnight) of fasting; a measurement of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > [noun] > presence of sugar or phosphorus

glycaemia1901

fasting blood sugar1915

phosphataemia1926

normoglycaemia1932

1915 Arch. Internal Med. 16 980 The fasting blood sugar averages about the same..as in the normal [i.e. not hyperthyroid] cases.

1991 Sarasota (Florida) Herald-Tribune 15 May e3/2 Normal fasting blood sugar in SI units ranges from 4.2 to 6.4 mmol/l—millimols per liter.

2013 D. Pollock 60 Ways lower your Blood Sugar xxxix. 121 I like my fasting blood sugar to be under 100, but sometimes it gets a bit higher than that.

fasting spittle n. now chiefly historical the saliva of a person who is fasting (typically one who has not yet eaten after waking), regarded as having therapeutic or magical powers.

ΚΠ

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 393 To altre þe place with þe iuse of purseleyne..and mannes fastynge spotel [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. spotil of a fastyng man; L. saliua hominis ieiuni].

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxxiii in Bulwarke of Defence Sulpher hath vertue to drie vp Scabbes being tempred with fastyng spittle, Vineger and Wines greece.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 22 If the fasting spittle of a man, fall into the iawes of a serpent, he certainly dieth thereof.

1818 Art of preserving Feet 146 The principle upon which it acts has been known to be successfully employed with respect to warts, by rubbing them with fasting spittle.

1905 East London Advertiser 5 Aug. 6/1 Probably the commonest cure for corns is to anoint them with fasting spittle.

2004 G. Hatfield Encycl. Folk Med. 328/2 So-called fasting spittle, the first saliva in the mouth on waking, is supposed to have particular virtues in healing warts and ringworm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fastingadj.

Brit.

/ˈfɑːstɪŋ/,

/ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfæstɪŋ/

Forms: see fast v.² and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.², -ing suffix².

Etymology: < fast v.² + -ing suffix².

That abstains from or is deprived of all or some food or drink. Hence (of a person or animal) hungry; (of the stomach, intestines, etc.) empty. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [adjective]

fastingOE

unetea1387

sober1535

jejunea1620

esurial1708

OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 317 Ieiunus, fæstende.

lOE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 302) in J. Bazire & J. E. Cross Eleven Old Eng. Rogationtide Homilies (1989) 74 He hafað ymbehydig ærende to þam fæstendan menn.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xxi. 326 Hote watir wasschiþ þe fastinge stomak..and clansiþ and laxiþ and purgiþ þe wombe.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 1034 For fastand folk to dyne gud tym war now.

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. i. f. 5^v A dead body is heauier then a lyuing, because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him: and so likewyse is a fasting person heauier then one that hath filled his belly.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 256 Let the fasting patient..take three sextaries Warme of that milke.

1787 S. Grubb Let. in Some Acct. Life & Relig. Labours (1792) v. 148 To know our right lot, is what we are both desiring singly to stand open to the discovery of..; the light which manifests it..will, I believe, satisfy our fasting minds.

1849 R. Montgomery Christian Life 244 Athirst I am From man's false world to fly, And on the glories of the Lamb to feast my fasting eye.

1861 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 27 293 Vomiting is not of frequent occurrence when chloroform is administered to a fasting patient.

1937 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 52 1449 The inocula were administered either in distilled water or without any fluid, and on a fasting stomach (23 to 24 hours after the last feed).

2019 Times of India (Nexis) 5 June Andhra Pradesh government hosted iftar for fasting Muslims..in Guntur city on Monday.

Compounds

† fasting gut n. Anatomy. Obsolete the jejunum, (the section of) the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum, which is typically found to be empty on post-mortem examination. [After classical Latin iēiūnum intestīnum, literally ‘hungry gut’ or ‘fasting gut’ (see jejunum n.).]

ΚΠ

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 168 (MED) Þe iij gutt is clepid ieiunum, id est fastynge, for he is euermore voide.]

a1413 in J. Norri Dict. Med. Vocab. in Eng. (2016) 483/1 Þat gutte ys clepud ieiunium, anglice þe fastyng gutte, for it drawith & takyþ & vndirfongith þe fode out fro duodenum & drawith out of it al þe iuse & al þe moysture of þe fodys.

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. v. 128^v Sundry passages needeful for y^e purginge, conueighaunce and euacuation of all such superfluous Humours: to witte, the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes, the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum.

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxii. 224 The Pylorus was opened between the first, and following vomits, so that whatever doth lay hid in the empty or fasting gut, and in neighbouring places, the Pylorus may pull upwards unto himself.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹eOE

n.²c1175

adj.OE

单词	fasting
释义	fastingn.¹ Brit. /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/, /ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfæstɪŋ/ Forms: see fast v.¹ and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < fast v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old Frisian festinge (West Frisian fēsting), Middle Dutch vastinge, vestinge (Dutch vesting), Middle Low German vastinge, vestinge, Middle High German vestunge (German Festung), Old Icelandic festing, Old Swedish, Swedish †fästing, Danish †fæsting, in a range of senses ‘firmness, security, confirmation, fastening, strengthening, fortification, firmament’. †1. The action of entrusting a person, esp. a child, to another's care. Obsolete. ΚΠ eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) xvii. 58 Gif hwa oðrum his unmagan oðfæste, & he hine on ðære fæstinge forferie. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxxi. 239 He..wilnode, þæt he befæste Leandra þam biscope..his oðerne sunu... Þa gefylledre þære fæstinge [L. qua uidelicet conmendatione expleta] se ealda cyning wæs forðfered. 2. The action or an act of binding, fastening, or fixing securely. Cf. fast v.¹ 6a. Now rare and only in the context of handfasting ceremonies (see handfasting n. 2). ΚΠ Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 158 Festynge to a thynge, confixio, fixura. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck De anckers aen den Timmer, a fasting of Ankers to the Timber. 2019 @HibiscusCeremo1 4 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) Tomorrow I shall be conducting a lovely wedding and the fasting of hands in some woods. †3. Something used to fasten or secure something; a fastening. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2590 It stonaid þam all, For ferd þe festing suld faile. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) 93 (MED) Þey vsedyn gallochis, a soole benethyn wyt a festyng abouyn þe foot. Compounds fasting penny n. English regional (chiefly northern) (now rare) a sum of money paid on hiring a servant, to secure the agreement; = fastening penny. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > payment by instalment or part-payment > an instalment > earnest money earnest money1349 earnest1424 earnest penny1454 arles1487 bargain-penny1490 handsel1569 impress-money1617 depositum1623 fasting penny1650 deposit1737 arrha1754 handsale1766 fastening penny1811 sign-on1922 1650 N. Stanton Good Masters Plea 143 Take Gods Festing penny, receive his earnest, subscribe to the indentures of his Covenant. 1760 J. Courtney Diary 5 Nov. in Diary Yorks. Gentleman (2001) 30 This evening I hired one Thomas Lamb for my servant at 4 guineas a year... Half crown fasting penny. 1903 Sunderland Daily Echo 29 Dec. 3/7 Ernest Thomas, farm labourer, was committed for trial by the Barnsley magistrates yesterday for alleged ‘fasting penny’ frauds—that is, obtaining money from farmers whose employ he had agreed to enter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fastingn.² Brit. /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/, /ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfæstɪŋ/ Forms: see fast v.² and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < fast v.² + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old Dutch fastinga (Middle Dutch vastinge, Dutch †vastinge), Middle Low German vastinge, in the senses ‘fasting, Lent’. 1. The action of fast v.² (in various senses); the fact or action of abstaining from or going without all or some kinds of food or drink; (also) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [noun] fastenOE fastingc1175 fast?c1225 abstinency1529 jejunation1623 uneating1692 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) 6364 Wiþþ fasstinng forr þe lufe off Godd, Wiþþ cneling & wiþþ wecche. c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 216 (MED) Si Mirre signefiet uastinge. c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) l. 73 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 201 In fastingues and in oresones fourtene niȝt he lai. c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 240 He was so feble for his michel fastyng, þat he was dede almost. c1470 W. Wey Itineraries 14 By yonde ys a wyldernys of quaren tyne, Wher Cryst wyth fastyng hys body dyd pyne. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 530 Although fasting for merite bee iustly punishable by statute. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. viii. 388 Even fasting it self is meat and drink to him. 1748 A. Trembley in Philos. Trans. 1747 (Royal Soc.) 44 637 Fasting probably weakens them, and from their weakness arises an abatement in the quickness of their motions. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. viii. 123 Corporal punishment, fasting, and other tortures and terrors. 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha v. 66 Seven whole days and nights he fasted. On the first day of this fasting Through the leafy woods he wandered. 1890 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 7 609 In these days a considerable minority practise real fasting, and during Lent weaken themselves by the pangs of actual hunger. 1942 Science 6 Mar. 251/2 More studies ought to be made on the after-effects of fasting and simple undernutrition. 2020 @kcalbag 15 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) Can I have coffee/tea during fasting? †2. A day or season appointed for abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink as an act of religious devotion or discipline; a fast. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [noun] > fasting time fastinga1398 fast day1822 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. iii. 520 Þe firste wooke of lente..is þe fastinge of springinge tyme. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) viii. 20 The fastynges, that she had kept. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke vi. iv. f. cxx (heading) Watches were turned into fastes, fastyng of Fridaies and Wednesdaies, namyng the daies of the weke in sundry wise. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 81 He bids the Jewes, even in their fastings, to use it. 1744 J. Lewis Life R. Pecock 290 The observations or ceremonies in the mass, and of the fasting of Lent, and of many other such observations, which were all ordained by the holy fathers. 1851 E. G. Squier Serpent Symbol iv. 120 The fastings and other rites attending it [sc. the autumnal equinox] were analogous to those practiced in Florida. 2015 Pioneer (India) (Nexis) 10 Sept. (headline) Shiv Sena opposes BJP's move to ban meat during Jain fastings. Compounds C1. As a modifier, designating a period of time appointed for or observed with fasting, as fasting month, fasting time, fasting week.Recorded earliest in fasting day n. ΚΠ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 335 Þere beeþ bernakes [L. bernaces] foules liche to wylde gees... Men of religioun eteþ bernakes in fasting dayes. 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 364 Socrates writing..not onely of fasting times, but of the meates also. 1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 148 These seven leane Eares, these seven leane Kine, the seven Fasting Weeks in Lent, are now begun. 1728 A. Campbell Ἀρετη-λογια 158 Nothing consequently can be more Ridiculous, than for the Romish Clergy to tell us, that any Part of Religion consists in Fasting Days, and Fasting Weeks. 1851 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 5 30 His mother declared that when at the breast he never tasted milk during the fasting month. 1932 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 51 192 This extensive calendar of fasting periods points to local customary usage in the Arabian religion. 2020 @bai_mina 22 May in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) In #Iran you can't eat in public now in fasting month #Ramadan. C2. In general use as a modifier, with the sense ‘of, relating to, or appropriate for fasting’, as fasting diet, fasting weeds, etc. ΚΠ 1642 D. Rogers Matrimoniall Honovr i. 20 Hast thou oft, with Ioel's Bridegroome and Bride, come out of thy feasting Chamber, to hide thine head in thy fasting chamber? 1646 E. Calamy Great Danger Covenant-refusing 31 The many Vowes and Covenants that we have broken; our Sacrament-Covenants, our Fasting-Covenants, our Sick-bed-covenants. 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Ezra (Esther v. 1) 146 She laid aside her fasting-weeds, and put on her best. 1805 Northampton Mercury 14 Dec. (advt.) A large and convenient Yard, Butcher's Shop, Fasting-Pens, Cow-Hovel [etc.]. 1825 John Bull 18 July 230/2 They are put on a fasting diet, a strong preparation from a tree is given to each, he who is sick first, or who dies first, is guilty. 1908 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1906–7 13 297 During this period they keep to a fasting diet—thin soups, etc. 1947 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 6 148 Whatever the means of adopting the old Byzantine fasting practice. 2012 M. Stacey Intermittent Fasting for Hungry People iii. 101 It's important to have an understanding of your medical history before starting a fasting program. C3. Medicine and Biology. As a modifier, in the sense ‘produced, taken, performed, or measured after a period (usually overnight) of fasting’, as in fasting insulin level, fasting test, fasting urine, etc.See also fasting blood sugar n., and cf. earlier fasting spittle n. at Compounds 4. ΚΠ 1852 Med. Times & Gaz. 10 Apr. 358/1 The food urine presented generally copious deposits of lithates; the fasting urine had none, or merely a very light flocculent deposit. 1907 Science 27 Sept. 408/2 It is possible to establish nitrogen equilibrium near the fasting level, if two thirds of the total quantity of nitrogen fed is given in the form of gelatin and only one third is present in the meat. 1912 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 52 ii. 370 The hydrogen ion concentration was estimated in the faeces of three men, two in water-drinking experiments, and one in a fasting test. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 913/1 The fasting blood lactate, pyruvate, isocitratedehydrogenase and blood sugar levels, were measured. 1990 Q. Jrnl. Med. 77 1278 Fasting blood and urine samples were requested for measurement of plasma concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, [etc.]. C4. fasting blood sugar n. the concentration of glucose in the blood after a period (usually overnight) of fasting; a measurement of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > [noun] > presence of sugar or phosphorus glycaemia1901 fasting blood sugar1915 phosphataemia1926 normoglycaemia1932 1915 Arch. Internal Med. 16 980 The fasting blood sugar averages about the same..as in the normal [i.e. not hyperthyroid] cases. 1991 Sarasota (Florida) Herald-Tribune 15 May e3/2 Normal fasting blood sugar in SI units ranges from 4.2 to 6.4 mmol/l—millimols per liter. 2013 D. Pollock 60 Ways lower your Blood Sugar xxxix. 121 I like my fasting blood sugar to be under 100, but sometimes it gets a bit higher than that. fasting spittle n. now chiefly historical the saliva of a person who is fasting (typically one who has not yet eaten after waking), regarded as having therapeutic or magical powers. ΚΠ ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 393 To altre þe place with þe iuse of purseleyne..and mannes fastynge spotel [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. spotil of a fastyng man; L. saliua hominis ieiuni]. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxxiii in Bulwarke of Defence Sulpher hath vertue to drie vp Scabbes being tempred with fastyng spittle, Vineger and Wines greece. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 22 If the fasting spittle of a man, fall into the iawes of a serpent, he certainly dieth thereof. 1818 Art of preserving Feet 146 The principle upon which it acts has been known to be successfully employed with respect to warts, by rubbing them with fasting spittle. 1905 East London Advertiser 5 Aug. 6/1 Probably the commonest cure for corns is to anoint them with fasting spittle. 2004 G. Hatfield Encycl. Folk Med. 328/2 So-called fasting spittle, the first saliva in the mouth on waking, is supposed to have particular virtues in healing warts and ringworm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fastingadj. Brit. /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/, /ˈfastɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfæstɪŋ/ Forms: see fast v.² and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fast v.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < fast v.² + -ing suffix². That abstains from or is deprived of all or some food or drink. Hence (of a person or animal) hungry; (of the stomach, intestines, etc.) empty. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > fasting > [adjective] fastingOE unetea1387 sober1535 jejunea1620 esurial1708 OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 317 Ieiunus, fæstende. lOE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 302) in J. Bazire & J. E. Cross Eleven Old Eng. Rogationtide Homilies (1989) 74 He hafað ymbehydig ærende to þam fæstendan menn. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xxi. 326 Hote watir wasschiþ þe fastinge stomak..and clansiþ and laxiþ and purgiþ þe wombe. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 1034 For fastand folk to dyne gud tym war now. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. i. f. 5^v A dead body is heauier then a lyuing, because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him: and so likewyse is a fasting person heauier then one that hath filled his belly. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 256 Let the fasting patient..take three sextaries Warme of that milke. 1787 S. Grubb Let. in Some Acct. Life & Relig. Labours (1792) v. 148 To know our right lot, is what we are both desiring singly to stand open to the discovery of..; the light which manifests it..will, I believe, satisfy our fasting minds. 1849 R. Montgomery Christian Life 244 Athirst I am From man's false world to fly, And on the glories of the Lamb to feast my fasting eye. 1861 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 27 293 Vomiting is not of frequent occurrence when chloroform is administered to a fasting patient. 1937 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 52 1449 The inocula were administered either in distilled water or without any fluid, and on a fasting stomach (23 to 24 hours after the last feed). 2019 Times of India (Nexis) 5 June Andhra Pradesh government hosted iftar for fasting Muslims..in Guntur city on Monday. Compounds † fasting gut n. Anatomy. Obsolete the jejunum, (the section of) the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum, which is typically found to be empty on post-mortem examination. [After classical Latin iēiūnum intestīnum, literally ‘hungry gut’ or ‘fasting gut’ (see jejunum n.).] ΚΠ a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 168 (MED) Þe iij gutt is clepid ieiunum, id est fastynge, for he is euermore voide.] a1413 in J. Norri Dict. Med. Vocab. in Eng. (2016) 483/1 Þat gutte ys clepud ieiunium, anglice þe fastyng gutte, for it drawith & takyþ & vndirfongith þe fode out fro duodenum & drawith out of it al þe iuse & al þe moysture of þe fodys. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. v. 128^v Sundry passages needeful for y^e purginge, conueighaunce and euacuation of all such superfluous Humours: to witte, the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes, the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum. 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxii. 224 The Pylorus was opened between the first, and following vomits, so that whatever doth lay hid in the empty or fasting gut, and in neighbouring places, the Pylorus may pull upwards unto himself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹eOEn.²c1175adj.OE
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fastingn.1

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fastingn.2

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fastingadj.

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fastingn.¹

fastingn.²