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单词 fardel
释义

fardeln.1

/ˈfɑːdəl/
Forms: Middle English–1500s fardele, Middle English–1600s far-, ferdel(l(e, (1500s ferdle), Middle English fardille, 1500s–1600s farthel(l(e, 1500s–1800s fardle, (1600s fardal), Middle English– fardel.
Etymology: < Old French fardel (later fardeau), diminutive of farde burden, cognate with Spanish fardo, Portuguese fardo. It has been suggested that the source of the Romance word is Arabic fardah: see Devic s.v.
archaic.
1.
a. A bundle, a little pack; a parcel. Also collective. Occasionally in plural. Baggage (of a company of men).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > equipment for a journey > baggage
trousseauc1230
harnessc1330
fardel1388
flittinga1400
stuff?a1400
baggagec1430
trussellc1440
carriagec1450
trussagec1500
traffic1538
trussery1548
traffe1566
sumpture1567
truss1587
needment1590
luggage1596
sumptery1620
piece1809
traps1813
roll-up1831
dunnage1834
kit1834
way baggage1836
swag1853
drum1861
swag bag1892
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > pack or parcel
pack1228
fardel1388
trussellc1440
pauchlea1450
butt1470
fardellage1489
trusser1519
parcel1692
package1757
packet1803
wrappage1883
compactum1907
bindle1916
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Ruth ii. 9 Also if thou thirstist go to the fardels and drynke watris.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 24947 (MED) Wid all þair fardel and þair fere þai com till land.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5004 Þai..did þair fardels be vndon.
a1400–50 Alexander 5136 Foure hundreth Olifaunts in fere þis fardille to bere.
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) i. 273 This ferdell of gere I ley vp my bakke.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 432 Sum..on his bak ber a fardele.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lii. 176 He promysed to serue me and to bere my fardel.
1557 Bible (Whittingham) Acts xxi. 15 We trussed vp our fardeles and went vp to Ierusalem.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 754 There lyes such Secrets in this Farthell and Box, which none must know but the King.
1681 J. Evelyn Let. 6 Dec. in S. Pepys Private Corr. (1926) I. 15 'Tis not easily to be imagined the sea and ocean of papers, treaties and other pieces, that I have ben faine to saile throug..note, and digest.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ix. 59 A little diminutive pony..under such a fardel.
1835 J. Hogg Tales Wars Montrose I. 41 You are to walk behind Lady Jane, and carry her fardel.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel II. v. xv. 69 The tinker..resumed his fardel, and..followed Leonard towards the town.
b. The omasum, or third stomach, of ruminants. Also fardel-bag.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > [noun] > ruminant > parts of > stomach > third
omasum1553
omasus1658
feck1681
manyplies1782
psalterium1840
fardel1862
1862 Chambers's Encycl. IV. 245/1 Fardel-bound, a disease of cattle and sheep, consists of impaction of the fardel bag.
1908 Animal Managem. (War Office) 16 The..‘manyplies’ or ‘fardel’ (omasum).
2. figurative.
a. A collection, ‘lot’, parcel (of immaterial things).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of immaterial things
heapc1175
fardel1526
mapa1586
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiv Such..sentences, as we haue gathered of holy fathers..togyther, as in one fardell.
1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. II. iii. iii. 29 What is their Alcoran, but a fardell of foolish impossibilities?
1667 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) iii. xix. 219 This fictitious Fardel of Transubstantiation.
a1703 W. Burkitt Rom. in Expos. Notes New Test. xi. 2 Let them prove that their fardles of traditions were delivered to the church from the mouth of the apostles.
1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible i. 49 (note) A fardel of myths.
b. esp. A burden or load of sin, sorrow, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > burdensomeness > a burden
burdenc971
chargec1300
packa1325
burnc1375
fardelc1380
weightc1380
carriagea1556
load1600
taxa1628
overpoise1697
dead weight1720
backload1725
millstone1787
tin kettle1796
nightmare-weight1847
ball and chain1855
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 208 Þe fardel of his wickidnesse.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 119/3 Goo fro me thou fardel of synne.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 356 His fardle of troubles.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. V5v None sees the fardell of his faults behind.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV clxvi. 86 These fardels of the heart.
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. x. viii. 321 Who can..sit tamely down to groan under the fardel of the Present?
3. That in which something is wrapped; a wrapping, wrapper. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > a wrapping
wrapping1387
fardela1425
wrapc1460
wrapperc1460
fold1497
out-band1621
wrappery1662
embalment1697
emballage1714
woolding1729
enwrapment1753
wrappage1827
lapping1858
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ezek. xxvii. 24 In fardels of iacinct and of clothis of many colours.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 249 About their heads they lap such fardels of linnen, as they seeme comparable to the heads of Giants.
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cccxxix, in Poems (1878) IV. 183 In a Petty-Coat Wrapt, a night fardle.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.
ΚΠ
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 78 Iewels for to save, Trusst vp in fardell wise.
1862 [see sense 1b].
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Sept. 6/2 An emancipation of all down-trodden, fardel-bearing..slaves.
C2.
fardel-bound adj. costive; so as n., a condition in cattle and sheep in which food is retained in the folds of omasum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or sheep > other disorders
shotc1500
foul?1523
redwater1594
blacklega1722
garget1725
dunt1784
black water1800
cothe1800
fardel-bound1825
navel ill1834
bluetongue1867
heartwater1880
orf1890
tick-borne fever1921
strike1932
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. 976 Costiveness also brings on a colic in them, called clue bound, fardel bound, etc.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 155 The fardlebound of cattle and sheep is nothing more than a modification of the disease in horses called stomach~staggers, which is caused by an enormous distention of the stomach.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

fardeln.2

Forms: Also 1600s Scottish ferdall, farthel. Also farthingdeal n. and Scottish farl n.
Etymology: representing Old English féorða dǽl fourth part; see fourth adj. and deal n.1
Obsolete.
A fourth part of anything. fardel of land (see quots. a1634, 1706). Also in plural. Quarters, pieces, fragments.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > four > [noun] > division into four > a fourth part
fourth part, dealc1000
quarternc1300
quarterc1330
farthingdeala1400
quart?1454
fardel1508
qr.1526
qtr.1571
quaternity1633
fierdhalf1674
fourth1741
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > fragments
fardel1508
flinders1508
fitters1532
brockle1552
shells1578
frush1582
flitters1620
shattersa1640
spillikin1857
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cvv The scheld in fardellis can fle in feild away fer.
1627 Dumbarton Burgh Rec. in J. Irving Hist. Dumbartonshire (1860) 483 It is..ordanit..that thair be onlie four kaiks in the pek, and thrie ferdalls in ilk kaik onlie.
a1634 W. Noye Compl. Lawyer (1651) 57 Two Fardells of Land make a Nooke of Land, and two Nookes make halfe a Yard of Land.
c1666 W. Sutherland in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. App. 101 I..bought a Farthel of Bread and a Mutckin of Ale.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Fardel of Land, the fourth part of a Yard-land.
1883 F. Seebohm Eng. Village Community 57 There were also holders of fardels or quarter-virgates, and half-fardels or one-eighth-virgates.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

fardeln.3

Forms: In 1500s ferdele, fardell. Also fordeal n.
Etymology: < Dutch voordeel advantage.
Profit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > advantage, profit, or use
nuteOE
gainc1175
naita1400
oeps1425
fardel1523
accrue1598
account1611
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun]
earningeOE
issuea1325
lucrec1380
lucre of gainc1386
return1419
feracityc1420
revenue1427
vantagec1430
afframing1440
revenue1440
availc1449
proventc1451
provenuec1487
rent1513
fardel1523
chevisance1535
gains1546
commodity1577
proceed1578
increasal1601
benefit1606
endowment1615
gaininga1631
superlucration1683
profit1697
bunce1706
making1837
bunt1851
plunder1851
yield1877
recovery1931
earner1970
1523 King Henry VIII in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. 45 Whereby..shall ensue grete advantage and ferdele to the common affairs of the Kings grace.
1569 Sir T. Gresham in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 183 II. 318 Her Highnes maie paie it bie the waie of exchaung..to her gret fardell and profit.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

fardelv.

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s fardle, 1600s fardell, 1600s–1700s farthel(l.
Etymology: < fardel n.1; compare Old French fardeler , and see farl n., furdel v., furl v.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To make into a bundle; figurative in quots. Also to fardel up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > make into a pack or parcel
hamperc1400
packc1400
to pack up1530
mail1570
emball1588
fardel1594
packet1621
farla1640
to make up1709
embale1727
bale1762
parcel1775
empacket1825
make1849
package1917
1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits i. 10 I haue alwaies held it an errour, to heare many lessons of diuers matters, and to carrie them all home fardled vp together.
1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iii. 52 Prophesies, Psalms, Proverbs, Parables..found and fardelled together.
1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 33 So that all I can suppose, is, that it is Fardled up in the Four First Trumpets.
2. Nautical. = furl v.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > furl
trussc1440
to braid up (the sails)c1540
thirlc1550
fardel1582
furl1589
ruffle1622
stow1644
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias 72 b The Captaine generall commanded..to fardle vp their sprits sailes.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 21 This Ensigne..if fardled vp, all they are to do in the like order.
1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium vii. 61 A pretty handsome Packe, Which she had fardled neatly at her backe.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Farthell, Farthelling; is the same with what the Seamen now call Furl or Furling.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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更新时间:2024/12/24 21:29:12