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单词 famine
释义

faminen.

Brit. /ˈfamᵻn/, U.S. /ˈfæmən/
Forms: Middle English–1500s famin, famyn(e, Middle English– famine.
Etymology: < French famine = Provençal famina, < late Latin type *famīna, < fames hunger.
1.
a. Extreme and general scarcity of food, in a town, country, etc.; an instance of this, a period of extreme and general dearth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > unproductiveness > [noun]
famine1362
barrentya1382
poverty?1440
infertility1610
unfertileness1611
non-production1656
non-productiveness1848
unfructuosity1884
zero growth1907
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > scarcity of food or famine
hungerc1000
dear1297
deartha1325
fault1340
famine1362
barrennessa1425
affaminea1450
enfaminea1450
wantc1450
scarceness1481
Lang Reeda1525
famishment1526
cleanness of teeth1560
breadlessness1860
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 309 Famyn schal a-Ryse Þorw Flodes and foul weder.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxvi. f. cixv By reason wherof ensued a great famyne.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iv. f. 20v The violent famine dyd frustrate all these appoyntmentes.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvii. 157 If in a great famine he take the food by force.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 285 A long and general famine was a calamity of a more serious kind.
1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 17 Famine..war..and effete races, must be reckoned calculable parts of the system of the world.
figurative.1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 34 Should ye supresse..this crop of knowledge and..bring a famin upon our minds?
b. personified.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > scarcity of food or famine > personified
famine1610
1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 16 Thin Famine needs must follow Poverty.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 185 He calls for Famine, and the meagre fiend..taints the golden ear.
2. transferred. An extreme dearth or scarcity of something specified, material or immaterial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [noun] > state of being limited in amount > scarcity, dearth, or deficient supply of anything
littleOE
dear cheapc1325
dearth1340
scanta1350
scantityc1386
scarcenessa1387
scarcitya1400
chertea1420
penury?a1425
poverty?1440
penuritya1500
geason1509
carity1530
scantness1543
famishment1569
fewty1596
famine1611
stint1651
grutch1815
1611 Bible (King James) Amos viii. 11 I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread..but of hearing the words of the Lord. View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 184 These Negroes..haue no famine of Natures gifts and blessings.
1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 153 I..lamented under the Famine of Gods Word and Sacraments.
1888 Liverpool Daily Post 26 June 4/8 The threatened water famine.
1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Nov. 3/3 The perennial talk of an ivory famine has as yet come to nothing.
3. Want of food, hunger; hence, starvation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > starvation or action of starving
hungerc825
faminec1405
pininga1450
famishmentc1470
famishing1490
starving1549
pine1567
affamishment1588
hunger-starving1592
starvation1762
clemming1773
starvation1775
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 123 Sholde hir children sterue for famyne.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 224 The Citee..was right stronge, that nothynge ne dowted, saf only for famyn.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 541 That auncient and vsuall punishment of famine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. v. 38 If thou speak'st false [printed fhlse], Vpon the next Tree shall thou hang aliue Till Famine cling thee. View more context for this quotation
1773 Observ. State Poor 8 More really die of famine than those who are found.
1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. 101 Their horses..had recovered from past famine and fatigue.
4. Violent appetite, as of a famished person; chiefly figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > extreme hunger
famine1393
ragec1515
ravina1657
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 32 Of love the famine I fonde..To fede.
1600 T. Dekker Old Fortunatus sig. K4v The famine of base gold Hath made your soules to murders hands be sold.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 847 Death Grinnd horrible a gastly smile, to hear His famine should be fill'd. View more context for this quotation
1858 Middleton Shelley I. xvii. 168 He..shall never cease thirsting, but, striving ever to quench his thirst..shall only render it so much the more the famine of his nature.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1. Simple attributive.
famine-blight n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > famine
famine-blight1845
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe > caused by famine
famine-blight1845
1845 C. Norton Child of Islands 111 Famine-blights that swept from east to west.
famine-prices n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > high price or rate > [noun] > high prices
dear cheapc1325
famine-prices1847
1847 Builder 29 May 256/2 The famine prices of provisions.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 171 Bread rose to famine prices.
famine relief n. (cf. relief n.2 3a.)
ΚΠ
1876 Correspondence on Famine in W. & S. India i. 13 in Parl. Papers 1877 (C. 1707) LXV. 1 In my letter of 25th August last..I pointed out the necessity of starting famine relief works.
1963 Listener 17 Jan. 108/2 Such young people seek their own expression in such positive forms of political action as work projects and famine relief.
famine-wolf n.
ΚΠ
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Sept. 7/1 Russia at present is..anxious to muzzle the famine wolf.
C2. Instrumental.
famine-hollowed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin
leanc1000
thinc1000
swonga1300
meagrea1398
empty?c1400
(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405
macilent?a1425
rawc1425
gauntc1440
to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450
leany?a1475
swampc1480
scarrya1500
pinched1514
extenuate1528
lean-fleshed1535
carrion-lean1542
spare1548
lank1553
carrion1565
brawn-fallen1578
raw-bone1590
scraggeda1591
thin-bellied1591
rake-lean1593
bare-boned1594
forlorn1594
Lented1594
lean-looked1597
shotten herring1598
spiny1598
starved1598
thin-belly1598
raw-boned1600
larbar1603
meagry?1603
fleshless1605
scraggy1611
ballow1612
lank-leana1616
skinnya1616
hagged1616
scraggling1616
carrion-like1620
extenuated1620
thin-gutted1620
haggard1630
scrannel1638
leanisha1645
skeletontal1651
overlean1657
emaciated1665
slank1668
lathy1672
emaciate1676
nithered1691
emacerated1704
lean-looking1713
scranky1735
squinny-gut(s)1742
mauger1756
squinny1784
angular1789
etiolated1791
as thin (also lean) as a rail1795
wiry1808
slink1817
scranny1820
famine-hollowed1822
sharp featured1824
reedy1830
scrawny1833
stringy1833
lean-ribbeda1845
skeletony1852
famine-pinched1856
shelly1866
flesh-fallen1876
thinnish1884
all horn and hide1890
unfurnished1893
bone-thin1899
underweight1899
asthenic1925
skin-and-bony1935
skinny-malinky1940
skeletal1952
pencil-neck1960
1822 Ld. Byron Werner i. i. 119 This..famine-hollow'd brow.
famine-pinched adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin
leanc1000
thinc1000
swonga1300
meagrea1398
empty?c1400
(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405
macilent?a1425
rawc1425
gauntc1440
to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450
leany?a1475
swampc1480
scarrya1500
pinched1514
extenuate1528
lean-fleshed1535
carrion-lean1542
spare1548
lank1553
carrion1565
brawn-fallen1578
raw-bone1590
scraggeda1591
thin-bellied1591
rake-lean1593
bare-boned1594
forlorn1594
Lented1594
lean-looked1597
shotten herring1598
spiny1598
starved1598
thin-belly1598
raw-boned1600
larbar1603
meagry?1603
fleshless1605
scraggy1611
ballow1612
lank-leana1616
skinnya1616
hagged1616
scraggling1616
carrion-like1620
extenuated1620
thin-gutted1620
haggard1630
scrannel1638
leanisha1645
skeletontal1651
overlean1657
emaciated1665
slank1668
lathy1672
emaciate1676
nithered1691
emacerated1704
lean-looking1713
scranky1735
squinny-gut(s)1742
mauger1756
squinny1784
angular1789
etiolated1791
as thin (also lean) as a rail1795
wiry1808
slink1817
scranny1820
famine-hollowed1822
sharp featured1824
reedy1830
scrawny1833
stringy1833
lean-ribbeda1845
skeletony1852
famine-pinched1856
shelly1866
flesh-fallen1876
thinnish1884
all horn and hide1890
unfurnished1893
bone-thin1899
underweight1899
asthenic1925
skin-and-bony1935
skinny-malinky1940
skeletal1952
pencil-neck1960
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxi. 206 These famine-pinched wanderers of the ice.
C3.
famine-bread n. a species of lichen ( Umbilicaria arctica).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > other lichens
cup-moss1597
ground liverwort1597
Usnea1597
perelle1712
oak moss1728
necklace moss1759
rag1759
thrush-lichen1759
Iceland lichen1777
Iceland moss1785
map lichen1796
scripture-wort1835
letter lichen1846
dog lichen1853
fairy cups1855
velvet moss1858
manna lichen1864
tree-hair1866
famine-bread1887
old man's beard1888
sea ivory1966
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 409 The so-called ‘famine-bread’..which has maintained the life of so many arctic travellers.
famine-fever n. (a) typhus; (b) relapsing fever.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > typhus or typhoid
putrid fever1597
pestilential fever1617
tabardillo1624
synochus1625
Hungaric fever1661
typhus1664
military fever1736
jail distemper1745
hospital fever1750
jail-fever1754
ship-fever1758
typhus fever1780
typhoid fever1789
gastric fever1802
dothinenteritis1826
enteric fever1833
typhoid1837
pythogenic fever1858
thanatotyphus1860
typh fever1861
enteric1872
famine-fever1876
Red River fever1878
laryngo-typhus1888
laryngo-typhoid1896
typh fever1900
paratyphoid1904
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers
fever hectica1398
emitrichie1398
hectic1398
etisie1527
emphysode fever1547
frenzy-fever1613
purple fever1623
prunella1656
marcid fever1666
remittent1693
feveret1712
rheumatic fever1726
milk fever1739
stationary fever1742
febricula1746
milky fever1747
camp-disease1753
camp-fever1753
sun fever1765
recurrent fever1768
rose fever1782
tooth-fever1788
sensitive fever1794
forest-fever1799
white leg1801
hill-fever1804
Walcheren fever1810
Mediterranean fever1816
malignant1825
relapsing fever1828
rose cold1831
date fever1836
rose catarrh1845
Walcheren ague1847
mountain fever1849
mill fever1850
Malta fever1863
bilge-fever1867
Oroya fever1873
hyperpyrexia1875
famine-fever1876
East Coast fever1881
spirillum fevera1883
kala azar1883
black water1884
febricule1887
urine fever1888
undulant fever1896
rabbit fever1898
rat bite fever1910
Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911
sandfly fever1911
tularaemia1921
sodoku1926
brucellosis1930
Rift Valley fever1931
Zika1952
Lassa fever1970
Marburg1983
1876 ‘Ouida’ In Winter City iii. 45 Is it not a famine fever which never comes near a well-laden table?
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 132 Relapsing fever prevails generally during periods of famine, and has hence been called famine-fever.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

faminev.

Etymology: < famine n.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To distress with famine; to kill or subdue with hunger; to starve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by starving
asterveOE
famine1520
starve1570
to famish to deatha1649
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > hunger for [verb (transitive)] > starve
famec1384
hunger-starve1390
enfamisha1400
famisha1400
forclemc1400
famine1520
starve1570
hunger1575
clem?c1600
effamisha1603
affamish1615
1520 Chron. Eng. vi. f. 69v/2 He was put in the castell Aungell, and was famyned to dethe.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccviii. 711 The flemynges thought by this siege to famyne them within.
2. intransitive. To suffer, or die of, hunger; to starve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die of hunger
astervec1000
enfamine138.
bursta1440
famish1530
famine1553
starve1578
affamish1622
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > be hungry [verb (intransitive)] > be starving
starvelOE
enfaimlec1475
to have cold at the teeth1484
to have the teeth cold1484
famish1535
to famish away1535
famine1553
starve1578
clem1600
affamish1622
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hvv For wante of vitayles & foode, they begonne to famyne.
1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. x. 412 It grieueth him to behold others famine.

Derivatives

ˈfamined adj. Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [adjective] > hungry > starving or starved
hungryc950
ofhungeredOE
hungeredc1425
famylousc1475
forhungered1481
hunger-starvena1533
starven1546
hunger-bit1549
hunger-bitten1549
affamished1554
starved1563
starving1581
gaunted1582
famishing1587
food-sick1587
hunger-starving1592
famined1622
gut-foundered1647
hunger-starved1647
starved-gut1653
half-starved1667
clemmed1674
nushed1691
pinch-gutted1704
starve-gutted1726
clemming1773
clung1807
1622 H. Sydenham Serm. (1637) 178 Rather..than sacrifice the remainder of a famin'd body to an honourable death.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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