fascinen.

Brit.

/faˈsiːn/, U.S.

/fəˈsin/

Forms: 1600s– fascine, 1700s fachine, 1700s faschine, 1700s–1800s facine.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French fascine.

Etymology: < French fascine bundle of brushwood or sticks (1562; early 13th cent. in Old French as faissine ), such a bundle as used in military fortifications (1577) < classical Latin fascīna bundle of sticks < fascis bundle (see fasces n.) + -īna -ine suffix⁴.Compare Italian fascina (13th cent.).

a. Military. A long, cylindrical bundle of twigs or brushwood, tightly bound together at short intervals; used for various purposes, such as the construction of defensive works, or the negotiation (now esp. by an armoured vehicle) of a ditch or other obstacle. Now chiefly: a similar bundle of plastic pipes.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > shelter or screen > [noun] > gabions or fascines

bavin1528

gabion1544

grand-maund1579

saucisse1604

sconce-korf1629

cannon-basket1630

sausage1645

chandelier1664

fascine1669

musket-basket1688

saucisson1702

fascinery1751

basket1753

1669 tr. Duc de Guise Mem. iii. 383 I had sent Pione Captain of the Lazares with thirty of his men to carry Fascines [Fr. fascines], and serve as Pioniers at this little siege.

1776 C. Lee in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 158 They are employed in making fascines..for constructing three redoubts.

1862 J. G. Benton Course Instr. Ordnance & Gunnery (ed. 2) vii. 375 The incendiary properties of pitched fascines may be increased by dipping the ends in melted rock-fire.

1933 R. E. Jones et al. Fighting Tanks since 1916 iii. 20 The three wide trenches of this system..were too wide to be crossed by the Mark IV tanks unaided; hence 350 fascines, weighing about one and a half tons each, had to be built.

2008 Mirror (Sc. ed.) (Nexis) 8 Mar. 23 Whilst under very intense accurate fire for a considerable amount of time, he carefully placed a fascine into a ditch enabling an armoured advance.

b. More widely: a bundle of twigs, brushwood, straw, or (now chiefly) plastic pipes, tied or woven together. Frequently Civil Engineering: such a bundle used in construction, or for strengthening the sides of embankments, ditches, or trenches.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > bundle or pile of wood

kida1350

wood-cast1483

woodpile1552

babbin1665

fascine1694

brush-heap1819

brush-pile1865

1694 tr. L. Moréri Great Hist. Dict. at Gauls Each Soldier carry'd his Bundle of Straw, or a Fascine [Fr. fascine], to sit upon.

1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 351 A large Dike or Peer made of Fachines and Earth.

1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 70 The upper beds of fascines..lock into one another at the ends and form one continuous mass.

1943 Triumphs of Engin. 156/1 (in figure) Track laid on 40 ft. sleepers. Brushwood mats. Whole trees. More stone. Fascines. Broken stone.

2000 Land & Water Sept. 63/1 For the majority of the eroded areas, live stakes, live fascines, and coconut fiber blankets were integrated to stabilize the slopes and reduce any future erosion.

2. figurative and in extended use; esp. something which acts or is employed as a defence. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle

sheafc725

handfulOE

truss12..

knitch13..

binding1388

bundle1398

faggot1447

bond1483

flaggat1487

bend-fulc1500

litch1538

thrave1606

fascicle1622

fawda1642

nitch1726

fascine1793

fasciculus1816

1793 C. Dibdin Younger Brother I. Pref. p. xxiv I would have them place about fascines of hints, insinuations, and conjectures.

1844 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 586 This fascine of citations, however ingeniously interwoven, is in truth nothing to the purpose... If he may defend himself behind every thing which a Laud or a Cosins may have uttered, his shield will, indeed, be broad enough!

1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings iv. 70 The pine is a natural fascine or fortification against the ravages of the elements.

1976 M. S. Peden tr. C. Fuentes Terra Nostra i. 306 The sun's rays began to burn the papers, clustered together in the ring of the lens, a tightly bound fascine of fire.

Compounds

C1. As a modifier, with the sense ‘consisting or made of fascines’.

ΚΠ

1696 E. D'Auvergne Hist. Campagne Flanders, 1695 66 A Battery which the Bavarians made of two pieces of Cannon..which began to fire upon the Enemies lodg'd in the Fascine work at the end of the Line.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxiii. 290 A body of sailors, who made themselves masters of..the faschine batteries.

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. iv. 82 To throw a fascine bridge over the marsh.

1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 72 This gentleman..noticed..parts of a fascine platform [Ger. Knittelbodens].

1875 Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 41 161 In commencing the construction of the dam..the first step was to cover the entire site with a strong fascine mattrass.

2009 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 69 18 The government and people of Hebei were forced to make huge numbers of fascine rolls out of wooden sticks, grass, reeds, bamboo strips, earth, and stone.

C2. As a modifier, with the sense ‘used in making a fascine or fascines’.

ΚΠ

1778 A. Butler Let. 9 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (2004) Revolutionary War Ser. XIV. 110 The whole [of the entrenching-tools] are nearly provided allready but the Fascine Hatchets and Axes.

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 8) xii. 233 Before binding the fascine, it must be compressed with a fascine choaker, which consists of a cord, or chain,..fastened at one end to a lever.., with a loop at the other end.

1870 Daily News 18 Oct. 3/4 The country..affording withies for binding and fascine sticks to any extent.

2010 D. Starbuck Excavating Sutlers' House v. 68 (caption) A fascine knife used for clearing brush.

C3.

fascine dwelling n. Archaeology (somewhat rare) a prehistoric habitation supported on fascines, built over a shallow lake or on marshland; cf. pile-dwelling n. at pile n.¹ Compounds 4. [Compare German Faschinenbauten , plural noun (1863 in the source translated in quot. 1866).]

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings

broch1654

crannog1851

pile-building1863

pile-work1863

fascine dwelling1865

lake-habitation1865

palafitte1866

terramare1866

roundhouse1872

mound dwelling1897

wag1911

wheel-dwelling1931

wheelhouse1935

1865 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 199 The remarkable fascine dwelling which he described, is at Niederwyl, near Winterthur, to the north of Zurich.

1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 69 The fascine dwellings [Ger. Der Packwerkbau] seem only to have been adopted in lakes of small depth and extent.

1997 J. Walsh Foundations 65 Some lake dwellings were of very peculiar structure, and may be designated fascine dwellings. Instead of a platform, supported on a series of piles, these erections consisted of layers of sticks, or small stems of trees built up from the bottom of the lake, till the structure reached above the water mark; and on this series of layers the main platform for the structures was placed.

fascine dweller n. Archaeology (somewhat rare) a person who lives in a fascine dwelling.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling

lake-dweller1863

pile-dweller1875

fascine dweller1878

crannoger1884

lake-man1884

1878 J. E. Lee tr. E. Frank in J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings I. (ed. 2) 579 It may be proved that the state of civilisation of the fascine-dwellers exactly coincides with that of the inhabitants of other settlements of the stone age.

2006 Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 3 ii. 35/2 The contribution of fascine dwellers from the Ljubljana marsh to a wider cultural space is also proven by the recent archeological finding, i.e. a wheel and the ax of a two-wheel vehicle, which dates from about 3200 A. D.

fascine horse n. Military a structure on which branches are laid to be bound into fascines (see quot. 1834).

ΚΠ

1834 J. S. Macaulay Treat. Field Fortification 56 The fascine horse is formed with two pickets..driven about 1 foot obliquely into the ground, so as to cross each other at right angles 2 feet above the surface of the earth,..and fastened together at their point of meeting with cord.

2012 M. Cameron Red Knight (e-book ed.) Guilbert sent his men out into the raspberry canes in armour, to cut armloads of the stuff with their swords, and he had the archers lash them in bundles on the sturdy Xs of a pair of fascine horses, cradles made of heavy logs where armloads of brush and prickers could be wrapped tight.

† fascine net n. U.S. Obsolete (in Pennsylvania and Maryland) a device for catching fish consisting of a basket-shaped trap made of fascines.

ΚΠ

1871 Amer. Volunteer (Carlisle, Pa.) 28 Sept. Fish Baskets, Eel Wires, Kiddles, Brush and Fascine Nets and other permanently set means of taking fish.

1924 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 2 Aug. 7/3 No person or persons shall take, catch, kill, fish or fish for..with any kind of seine or net, stir net, drag net..brush or fascine nets, or by any means or contrivance in the nature of a seine or net or trap.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	fascine
释义	fascinen. Brit. /faˈsiːn/, U.S. /fəˈsin/ Forms: 1600s– fascine, 1700s fachine, 1700s faschine, 1700s–1800s facine. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French fascine. Etymology: < French fascine bundle of brushwood or sticks (1562; early 13th cent. in Old French as faissine ), such a bundle as used in military fortifications (1577) < classical Latin fascīna bundle of sticks < fascis bundle (see fasces n.) + -īna -ine suffix⁴.Compare Italian fascina (13th cent.). 1. a. Military. A long, cylindrical bundle of twigs or brushwood, tightly bound together at short intervals; used for various purposes, such as the construction of defensive works, or the negotiation (now esp. by an armoured vehicle) of a ditch or other obstacle. Now chiefly: a similar bundle of plastic pipes. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > shelter or screen > [noun] > gabions or fascines bavin1528 gabion1544 grand-maund1579 saucisse1604 sconce-korf1629 cannon-basket1630 sausage1645 chandelier1664 fascine1669 musket-basket1688 saucisson1702 fascinery1751 basket1753 1669 tr. Duc de Guise Mem. iii. 383 I had sent Pione Captain of the Lazares with thirty of his men to carry Fascines [Fr. fascines], and serve as Pioniers at this little siege. 1776 C. Lee in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 158 They are employed in making fascines..for constructing three redoubts. 1862 J. G. Benton Course Instr. Ordnance & Gunnery (ed. 2) vii. 375 The incendiary properties of pitched fascines may be increased by dipping the ends in melted rock-fire. 1933 R. E. Jones et al. Fighting Tanks since 1916 iii. 20 The three wide trenches of this system..were too wide to be crossed by the Mark IV tanks unaided; hence 350 fascines, weighing about one and a half tons each, had to be built. 2008 Mirror (Sc. ed.) (Nexis) 8 Mar. 23 Whilst under very intense accurate fire for a considerable amount of time, he carefully placed a fascine into a ditch enabling an armoured advance. b. More widely: a bundle of twigs, brushwood, straw, or (now chiefly) plastic pipes, tied or woven together. Frequently Civil Engineering: such a bundle used in construction, or for strengthening the sides of embankments, ditches, or trenches. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > bundle or pile of wood kida1350 wood-cast1483 woodpile1552 babbin1665 fascine1694 brush-heap1819 brush-pile1865 1694 tr. L. Moréri Great Hist. Dict. at Gauls Each Soldier carry'd his Bundle of Straw, or a Fascine [Fr. fascine], to sit upon. 1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 351 A large Dike or Peer made of Fachines and Earth. 1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 70 The upper beds of fascines..lock into one another at the ends and form one continuous mass. 1943 Triumphs of Engin. 156/1 (in figure) Track laid on 40 ft. sleepers. Brushwood mats. Whole trees. More stone. Fascines. Broken stone. 2000 Land & Water Sept. 63/1 For the majority of the eroded areas, live stakes, live fascines, and coconut fiber blankets were integrated to stabilize the slopes and reduce any future erosion. 2. figurative and in extended use; esp. something which acts or is employed as a defence. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle sheafc725 handfulOE truss12.. knitch13.. binding1388 bundle1398 faggot1447 bond1483 flaggat1487 bend-fulc1500 litch1538 thrave1606 fascicle1622 fawda1642 nitch1726 fascine1793 fasciculus1816 1793 C. Dibdin Younger Brother I. Pref. p. xxiv I would have them place about fascines of hints, insinuations, and conjectures. 1844 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 586 This fascine of citations, however ingeniously interwoven, is in truth nothing to the purpose... If he may defend himself behind every thing which a Laud or a Cosins may have uttered, his shield will, indeed, be broad enough! 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings iv. 70 The pine is a natural fascine or fortification against the ravages of the elements. 1976 M. S. Peden tr. C. Fuentes Terra Nostra i. 306 The sun's rays began to burn the papers, clustered together in the ring of the lens, a tightly bound fascine of fire. Compounds C1. As a modifier, with the sense ‘consisting or made of fascines’. ΚΠ 1696 E. D'Auvergne Hist. Campagne Flanders, 1695 66 A Battery which the Bavarians made of two pieces of Cannon..which began to fire upon the Enemies lodg'd in the Fascine work at the end of the Line. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxiii. 290 A body of sailors, who made themselves masters of..the faschine batteries. 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. iv. 82 To throw a fascine bridge over the marsh. 1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 72 This gentleman..noticed..parts of a fascine platform [Ger. Knittelbodens]. 1875 Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 41 161 In commencing the construction of the dam..the first step was to cover the entire site with a strong fascine mattrass. 2009 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 69 18 The government and people of Hebei were forced to make huge numbers of fascine rolls out of wooden sticks, grass, reeds, bamboo strips, earth, and stone. C2. As a modifier, with the sense ‘used in making a fascine or fascines’. ΚΠ 1778 A. Butler Let. 9 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (2004) Revolutionary War Ser. XIV. 110 The whole [of the entrenching-tools] are nearly provided allready but the Fascine Hatchets and Axes. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 8) xii. 233 Before binding the fascine, it must be compressed with a fascine choaker, which consists of a cord, or chain,..fastened at one end to a lever.., with a loop at the other end. 1870 Daily News 18 Oct. 3/4 The country..affording withies for binding and fascine sticks to any extent. 2010 D. Starbuck Excavating Sutlers' House v. 68 (caption) A fascine knife used for clearing brush. C3. fascine dwelling n. Archaeology (somewhat rare) a prehistoric habitation supported on fascines, built over a shallow lake or on marshland; cf. pile-dwelling n. at pile n.¹ Compounds 4. [Compare German Faschinenbauten , plural noun (1863 in the source translated in quot. 1866).] ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings broch1654 crannog1851 pile-building1863 pile-work1863 fascine dwelling1865 lake-habitation1865 palafitte1866 terramare1866 roundhouse1872 mound dwelling1897 wag1911 wheel-dwelling1931 wheelhouse1935 1865 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 199 The remarkable fascine dwelling which he described, is at Niederwyl, near Winterthur, to the north of Zurich. 1866 J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings 69 The fascine dwellings [Ger. Der Packwerkbau] seem only to have been adopted in lakes of small depth and extent. 1997 J. Walsh Foundations 65 Some lake dwellings were of very peculiar structure, and may be designated fascine dwellings. Instead of a platform, supported on a series of piles, these erections consisted of layers of sticks, or small stems of trees built up from the bottom of the lake, till the structure reached above the water mark; and on this series of layers the main platform for the structures was placed. fascine dweller n. Archaeology (somewhat rare) a person who lives in a fascine dwelling. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling lake-dweller1863 pile-dweller1875 fascine dweller1878 crannoger1884 lake-man1884 1878 J. E. Lee tr. E. Frank in J. E. Lee tr. F. Keller Lake Dwellings I. (ed. 2) 579 It may be proved that the state of civilisation of the fascine-dwellers exactly coincides with that of the inhabitants of other settlements of the stone age. 2006 Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 3 ii. 35/2 The contribution of fascine dwellers from the Ljubljana marsh to a wider cultural space is also proven by the recent archeological finding, i.e. a wheel and the ax of a two-wheel vehicle, which dates from about 3200 A. D. fascine horse n. Military a structure on which branches are laid to be bound into fascines (see quot. 1834). ΚΠ 1834 J. S. Macaulay Treat. Field Fortification 56 The fascine horse is formed with two pickets..driven about 1 foot obliquely into the ground, so as to cross each other at right angles 2 feet above the surface of the earth,..and fastened together at their point of meeting with cord. 2012 M. Cameron Red Knight (e-book ed.) Guilbert sent his men out into the raspberry canes in armour, to cut armloads of the stuff with their swords, and he had the archers lash them in bundles on the sturdy Xs of a pair of fascine horses, cradles made of heavy logs where armloads of brush and prickers could be wrapped tight. † fascine net n. U.S. Obsolete (in Pennsylvania and Maryland) a device for catching fish consisting of a basket-shaped trap made of fascines. ΚΠ 1871 Amer. Volunteer (Carlisle, Pa.) 28 Sept. Fish Baskets, Eel Wires, Kiddles, Brush and Fascine Nets and other permanently set means of taking fish. 1924 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 2 Aug. 7/3 No person or persons shall take, catch, kill, fish or fish for..with any kind of seine or net, stir net, drag net..brush or fascine nets, or by any means or contrivance in the nature of a seine or net or trap. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fascinev. Brit. /faˈsiːn/, U.S. /fəˈsin/, New Zealand English /fɛˈsiːn/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fascine n. Etymology: < fascine n.Compare Middle French fessiner, French fasciner (15th cent.). Originally Military. Now chiefly New Zealand (rare). transitive. To strengthen (a structure) or fill in (a ditch, trench, etc.) with fascines; to employ fascines in constructing (something). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > pave or build roads [verb (transitive)] > fill in gaps in road stub1765 fascine1780 ballast1836 1780 J. Wilson Jrnl. 29 Apr. in S. Carolina Hist. Mag. (1965) 66 181 At night the Cheeks of the Embrazures for the two 12 Pounders on the right were fascined. 1870 Daily News 29 Nov. The pioneers had..fascined the track. 1971 P. MacLean & B. Joyce Veteran Years N.Z. Motoring xv. 188 Muddy stretches had to be fascined and corduroyed and even the block and tackle came out on occasions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1669v.1780
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fascinen.

Compounds

fascinev.