单词 | fatigue |
释义 | fatiguen. 1. a. Lassitude or weariness resulting from either bodily or mental exertion. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun] wearinessc900 slemea1300 werihede1340 talma1400 aneantizinga1425 faintnessa1440 defatigation1508 languishness?1529 lassitude1541 tiredness1552 overtiring1598 attainta1616 languishmentc1620 exhaustment1621 prostrationa1626 exhaustiona1639 tiresomeness1646 lassation1650 exantlation1651 fessitude1656 faintingnessa1661 delassation1692 tiriness1697 languor1707 fatigue1719 exhausture1779 distress1803 exhaustedness1840 worn-outness1844 tire1859 dead-beatness1907 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 323 It having been a Day of great Fatigue to me. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 32/2 Imminent danger of expiring from fatigue. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico III. vii. iii. 295 Extremities of famine and fatigue. 1874 J. Morley On Compromise 7 The mortal fatigue that seizes Catholic societies after their fits of revolution. b. The condition of weakness in metals or other solid substances caused by cyclic variations in stress. Now esp. as metal fatigue. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > [noun] > becoming or making weak > specific fatigue1854 metal fatigue1929 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > fatigue or weakness eagerness1622 fatigue1854 1854 Braithwaite in Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 13 463 Many..accidents on railways..are to be ascribed to that progressive action which may be termed the ‘fatigue of metals’. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 827/1 To fatigue is ascribed the breaking of car-axles. 1885 Engineering 10 July 31 The law of the fatigue and refreshment of metals. 1905 [see fatigue test n. and vb. at Compounds 2]. 1913 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 13 Dec. 372 (heading) A recently installed fatigue testing machine. 1937 Discovery July 194/2 The fatigue resistance of some metals. 1949 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 53 788/2 A ray of hope that non-ferrous alloys could be developed which would show similar features in lack of ‘fatigue-memory’ to the ferritic steels. 1955 Times 8 July 5/1 Her Royal Highness drove across the airfield to see a Bristol Britannia airliner undergoing metal fatigue tests in a water tank. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 284/2 The only examples of a fatigue fracture in bone are those seen usually in military training,..in which a soldier not previously used to repetitive exercise is forced to march 30 or 40 miles in a single day. c. Physiology. A condition of muscles, organs, or cells characterized by a temporary reduction in power or sensitivity following a period of prolonged activity or stimulation. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > other disorders oppletion1615 lesion1640 reflux1662 stress1682 prosphysis1684 injection1806 collapse1808 exstrophy1835 extroversion1835 fatigue1872 splanchnomegaly1910 malalignment1922 arrest1939 1872 J. H. Bennett Text-bk. Physiol. I. 83 (heading) Muscular fatigue. 1876 Kirkes' Hand-bk. Physiol. (ed. 9) xix. 586 Fatigue of muscle.—A muscle becomes rapidly exhausted from repeated stimulation. 1888 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 5) I. 149 The sense of fatigue of which, after prolonged or unusual exertion, we are conscious in our own bodies..cannot be taken as an adequate measure of the actual fatigue of the muscles. 1891 A. D. Waller Introd. Human Physiol. xii. 448 Negative after-images are the most obvious sign of retinal—or properly speaking—of retino-cerebral fatigue. 1932 S. Duke-Elder Text-bk. Ophthalmol. I. xxiv. 969 The lowered visual acuity which is readily demonstrable on continued observation..is due to fatigue in mental or even general bodily processes... Of retinal fatigue there seems to be no evidence. 1949 E. G. Wever Theory of Hearing xii. 322 The specificity of the fatigue effect..is studied by exposing the ear to one tone and then testing with various other tones above and below. 1966 Lancet 12 Mar. 585/2 True muscular fatigue and what, for want of a better term, must be called tiredness are plainly different. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > restoring force > decrease in elastic fatigue1877 1877 W. Thomson in Encycl. Brit. VII. 802/1 Experimental exercises..brought to light some very remarkable and interesting results,..showing also a very remarkable fatigue of elasticity, according to which a wire which had been kept vibrating for several hours or days through a certain range came to rest much quicker when left to itself than when set in vibration after it had been at rest for several days and then immediately left to itself. 1895 Proc. Royal Soc. 68 136 In every case, overstrain has produced a like fatigue of elasticity, and elastic recovery has followed during an interval of some days or weeks of rest. 1899 Nature 6 July 239/2 Experiments on an iron wire..showed distinct fatigue of elasticity. 1899 W. Watson Text-bk. Physics xix. 205 This phenomenon is referred to as elastic fatigue. 1920 A. E. H. Love Treat. Math. Theory Elasticity (ed. 3) iv. 117 An analogous property of bodies is that to which Lord Kelvin has called attention under the name ‘fatigue of elasticity’. 1922 Proc. Physical Soc. 35 165 In his own experience of electrometers elastic fatigue appeared to be due mainly to the attachment at the two ends of the suspension wire. e. The reduction of the efficiency of an (esp. luminescent) material during use or exposure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > [noun] > reduction in efficiency of luminescent material fatigue1904 1904 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 202 443 At pressures below, say, a tenth of an atmosphere, zinc showed little or no signs of fatigue when illuminated by ultra-violet light. 1949 G. F. J. Garlick Luminescent Materials vii. 187 The saturation of the screen material by electrons at low voltages..results in a fatigue of the material. 2. That which causes weariness; †fatiguing labour, ‘trouble’ (obsolete); a fatiguing duty or performance, labour, toil. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty, trouble, or bother clondc1275 businessa1387 adoc1400 importunityc1475 fatigue1669 bother1761 botherment1821 picnic1896 palaver1899 hassle1959 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > trouble taken to accomplish anything whilec1175 painc1330 pine?c1335 teenc1380 adoc1400 labourc1405 painsc1480 trouble1577 fatigue1669 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil workeOE i-swincheOE swenchOE swote971 swingc1000 swinkOE swinkinga1225 travailc1275 cark1330 sweatc1380 the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380 laboura1382 swengc1400 labouragec1470 toil1495 laborationa1500 tug1504 urea1510 carp1548 turmoil1569 moil1612 praelabour1663 fatigue1669 insudation1669 till?a1800 Kaffir work1848 graft1853 workfulness1854 collar-work1871 yakka1888 swot1899 heavy lifting1934 1669 Temple Let. to Pr. Tuscany in Wks. (1731) II. 196 The glorious Fatigues which have hitherto been the Diversion of your Highness. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 644 When the Treaty for the delivery of it [Oxon] up for the use of the Parliament was in agitation, he [Rushworth] was often posting to London upon intermessages and fatigues. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 35 A Question..which hath..given no small Fatigue to Learned Men. 1712 W. Rogers Cruising Voy. 364 The Governour's Deputy..had the Fatigue to get our Provisions together. 1780 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 381 The fatigues of the election are over. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. vii. 305 The men were much distressed by..the fatigues of their previous march. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 23 Sight had become one of the day's fatigues. 3. a. The extra-professional duties of a soldier, sometimes allotted to him as punishment for misdemeanour; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > punishments fatigue1776 rack-lashing1822 pack-drill1836 shot-drill1864 jankers1916 slack party1933 society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > military duty > type of duty guard1596 picket duty1764 fatigue1776 light duty1810 fatigue-work1846 fatigue duty1856 stable1885 skirt duty1922 staff-work1923 1776 A. Ward in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 191 I..have ordered all the men, not on actual duty, to turn out upon fatigue every day. 1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 275 The levelling of ground in the vicinity of the Camp or Barracks, and making communications between different parts of them, are duties of fatigue. 1881 Through the Ranks to a Commission 57 For the two weeks that I was a private I took my turn at the daily fatigues. b. Short for fatigue-party n., and in plural for fatigue-dress. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for members of a body or association > naval, military, etc. > types of regimentals1728 undress1748 regiments1759 regimental1764 dress uniform1774 kit1785 roast beef coat1802 butternut1810 frock-uniform1810 fatigue-dress1834 fatigue1836 fatigue-uniform1836 shirtsleeve order1854 grey1862 scarlet runnerc1864 square-rig1875 rig of the day1877 swagger-dress1901 trench coat1914 hospital blue1919 romper1922 suntan1937 battle-dress1938 army greens1945 mess kit1953 tiger suit1970 1836 J. Hildreth Dragoon Campaigns Rocky Mts. i. vii. 51 We have not yet received our uniforms..but even in our ‘fatigues’, we make an imposing appearance when mounted. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 135/2 Fatigue..a party of soldiers told off for any other duty than a dress parade necessitates. 1892 W. G. Browne in 19th Cent. Nov. 850 Change into stable fatigues. 1966 D. F. Galouye Lost Perception viii. 85 Clad in ill-fitting and occasionally torn fatigues, the soldiers were a vivid contrast to the flawlessly uniformed Guardsmen. 1967 Boston (Mass.) Herald 5 Apr. 59/3 The generals..in their ‘pressed fatigues and shining stars’. 1970 Daily Tel. 6 Oct. 4/4 A Palestinian major, dressed in jungle green fatigues. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. fatigue-blouse n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > other kirtlec893 viteroke?c1225 bleauntc1314 surcoata1330 paltock1353 courtepy1362 tunicle1377 gipona1387 juponc1400 petticoatc1425 wardecorpsc1440 placard1483 galbart1488 corsletc1500 truss1563 gippo1617 juste-au-corps1656 fore-belly1663 vest1666 justicoat1669 coat1670 amiculum1722 arba kanfot1738 slip1762 hap-warm1773 aba1792 Moldave1800 abaya1810 saya1811 tzitzit1816 cote-hardie1834 tobe1835 yelek1836 panties1845 cyclas1846 exomis1850 himation1850 jumper1853 blouse1861 peplum1866 exomion1875 confection1885 lammy1886 surquayne1887 bluey1888 fatigue-blouse1890 sling-jacket1900 top1902 sun top1934 sillapak1942 tank top1949 ao dai1961 tank1985 1890 Cent. Mag. Aug. 617/2 A thin fatigue blouse. fatigue-cap n. ΚΠ 1861 R. A. Wise Let. 9 Jan. in Wm. & Mary Coll. Q. 2nd Ser. XVIII. 197 Their uniform is to be home spun pantaloons and a red flannel shirt and a fatigue cap. 1914 E. A. Powell Fighting in Flanders vi. 139 Small, round, visorless fatigue-caps. fatigue frock n. ΚΠ 1803 M. Lewis Jrnl. (1905) VIII. 233, 20 Fatigue Frocks or hunting shirts. a1847 in H. Howe Hist. Coll. Ohio (1847) 490 It was at night..and they [sc. the soldiers] were dressed in fatigue frocks. fatigue-jacket n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > worn by specific people > the military buff-jerkin1598 shell1802 raggie1828 shell-jacket1840 fatigue-jacket1852 dolman1883 maternity jacket1925 maternity1958 1852 C. J. Lever Daltons II. iv. 35 A creature that..carries a bread bag over its shoulder through the streets in a fatigue jacket. fatigue trousers n. ΚΠ 1813 Weekly Reg. 3 295/2 Fatigue trowsers. fatigue-uniform n. (= fatigue-dress n. at Compounds 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for members of a body or association > naval, military, etc. > types of regimentals1728 undress1748 regiments1759 regimental1764 dress uniform1774 kit1785 roast beef coat1802 butternut1810 frock-uniform1810 fatigue-dress1834 fatigue1836 fatigue-uniform1836 shirtsleeve order1854 grey1862 scarlet runnerc1864 square-rig1875 rig of the day1877 swagger-dress1901 trench coat1914 hospital blue1919 romper1922 suntan1937 battle-dress1938 army greens1945 mess kit1953 tiger suit1970 1836 J. Hildreth Dragoon Campaigns Rocky Mts. i. iii. 28 Attired in what I afterwards learned to be the fatigue uniform. 1890 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 2/1 A grey fatigue-uniform. b. fatigue-man n. ΚΠ 1774 J. Andrews Let. 28 Sept. (1886) 57 A number of fatigue men with hand barrows. 1871 L. W. M. Lockhart Fair to See III. xxxi. 49 Laissez-aller hospital orderlies and sluggish ‘fatigue~men’. 1957 M. K. Joseph I'll soldier no More (1958) xiii. 255 Tino and a couple of fatigue-men have sweated in the cookhouse. C2. fatigue-call n. the call to fatigue-duty. fatigue-dress n. the dress worn by a soldier on fatigue-duty; also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for members of a body or association > naval, military, etc. > types of regimentals1728 undress1748 regiments1759 regimental1764 dress uniform1774 kit1785 roast beef coat1802 butternut1810 frock-uniform1810 fatigue-dress1834 fatigue1836 fatigue-uniform1836 shirtsleeve order1854 grey1862 scarlet runnerc1864 square-rig1875 rig of the day1877 swagger-dress1901 trench coat1914 hospital blue1919 romper1922 suntan1937 battle-dress1938 army greens1945 mess kit1953 tiger suit1970 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xvi. 254 A soldier in his fatigue dress. 1847 R. W. Emerson Goethe in Wks. (1906) I. 387 He had put off a gay uniform for a fatigue dress. 1879 T. H. S. Escott England II. 213 The black gown is the fatigue dress of judges. fatigue duty n. = sense 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > military duty > type of duty guard1596 picket duty1764 fatigue1776 light duty1810 fatigue-work1846 fatigue duty1856 stable1885 skirt duty1922 staff-work1923 1856 R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) xxiv. 336 The present custom of employing soldiers while in the garrison, on almost continuous hard fatigue duty. 1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. ii. 77 The soldier never slept till he had done his fatigue-duty. fatigue duty man n. ΚΠ 1867 J. N. Edwards Shelby xx. 354 Shelby gathered up his fatigue dutymen and opposed front to front. fatigue fever n. a high temperature consequent upon excessive muscular exertion and due to an accumulation of poisonous products in the system. ΚΠ 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 270/1 Riding too far or too fast leads to ‘fatigue fever’. fatigue limit n. the (presumed) value of the fatigue strength for an infinite number of cycles of stress; also called endurance limit. ΚΠ 1911 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Oct. 884 As far as he could ascertain, there was no relationship between fatigue limits and the ordinary elastic limits. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 326/2 When a metal is subjected to many millions of cycles of alternating or vibrating stress, below the elastic limit, but above the so-called ‘fatigue’ limit, it eventually breaks by ‘fatigue’. fatigue-party n. a party of soldiers on fatigue-duty. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > fatigue-party fatigue-party1794 1794 in Amer. Pioneer (1842) 1 351 This morning the fatigue party ordered yesterday began to fortify and strengthen the fort. 1839 T. De Quincey Dinner in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 825/2 A fatigue party of dustmen sent upon secret service. 1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 2 A..Fatigue-Party, is not entitled to exemption from a Tour of Duty. 1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 II. xvi. 304 The men of a fatigue party..were emptying out shot. fatigue products n. [translating German ermüdender Stoff, ermüdende Substanz (J. Ranke Tetanus (1865) xiv. 329, xviii. 450)] an accumulation of toxic material formerly held to result from excessive muscular activity and to be the cause of fatigue. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > fatigue products fatigue stuff1885 fatigue products1909 1909 Westm. Gaz. 8 June 9/2 To eliminate from the muscles what pathologists know as ‘fatigue products’. 1935 F. R. Winton & L. E. Bayliss Human Physiol. (ed. 2) i. 17 It was at one time supposed that a specific physiological mechanism was at the root of the state of fatigue, which was attributed to the action of products of activity, ‘fatigue products’, circulating in the blood. fatigue range n. the maximum variation in stress that a material can be subjected to for a large or infinite number of cycles of stress without its failing from fatigue. ΚΠ 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 179/2 A determination of the fatigue range occupied a very long time. 1954 L. E. Benson in W. R. Osgood Residual Stresses in Metals 81 With mild steel..the upper limit of the fatigue range of stress (with zero mean stress) is approximately equal to the yield point. fatigue strength n. half the value of the fatigue range of a material for a given (large) number of cycles of stress, esp. when the mean stress is zero; also called endurance strength. ΚΠ 1912 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 188 i. 10 There only remained the investigation of the effects of the high speed on the fatigue strength of the specimens. 1959 Crandall & Dahl Introd. Mech. Solids v. 221 The fatigue strength of 2024–T4 aluminium alloy, when tested as unnotched bars, is about 30,000 psi for 106 cycles and 24,000 psi for 107 cycles. 1971 Engineering Apr. 38/1 These bronzes..have a very good fatigue strength. fatigue stuff n. = fatigue products n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > fatigue products fatigue stuff1885 fatigue products1909 1885 W. Stirling tr. L. Landois Text-bk. Human Physiol. II. x. 667 The cause of fatigue is probably the accumulation of decomposition products, ‘fatigue stuffs’ in the muscular tissue. 1901 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2) Fatigue-stuff, toxic material due to tissue-degeneration after excessive fatigue. fatigue substances n. = fatigue products n. fatigue test n. and v. a test carried out on a material or part to determine its behaviour under cyclic variations of stress and esp. its fatigue strength; also as v. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)] > test by other specific methods riddle?c1225 ring1777 candle1879 fatigue test1905 pressure-test1933 the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > test of materials or equipment > other specific tests of materials or equipment pressure test1859 tensile test1877 smoke test1886 torsion test1891 shock test1904 fatigue test1905 screen test1905 fatigue testing1908 shock-testing1917 1905 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 67 488 It is not easy to definitely compare the tensile and fatigue tests in this case. 1955Fatigue test [see sense 1b]. 1959 G. H. Sines & J. L. Waisman Metal Fatigue vii. 167 Any part design which differs greatly from standard practice should be carefully fatigue-tested before it is adopted for service. fatigue testing n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > test of materials or equipment > other specific tests of materials or equipment pressure test1859 tensile test1877 smoke test1886 torsion test1891 shock test1904 fatigue test1905 screen test1905 fatigue testing1908 shock-testing1917 1908 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 76 70 The chief object of fatigue-testing was to discover the existence or non-existence of a relation between the elastic properties of a material and its resistance to fatigue. fatigue testing machine n. a machine for performing fatigue tests. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > test of materials or equipment > other specific tests of materials or equipment > specific equipment used in testing fatigue testing machine1905 1905 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 67 486 The fatigue testing-machines were of Wöhler's cantilever type. fatigue-work n. = 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > military duty > type of duty guard1596 picket duty1764 fatigue1776 light duty1810 fatigue-work1846 fatigue duty1856 stable1885 skirt duty1922 staff-work1923 1846 Aide-mémoire to Mil. Sci. I. 521 Fascine pickets are..usually considered fatigue-work. 1889 Wolseley in Times 15 Feb. 12/3 Fatigue work, such as carrying coals. Draft additions December 2006 With prefixed noun. a. Widespread apathy, boredom, or disenchantment among a specified category of people.Recorded earliest in donor fatigue n. at donor n. Additions. ΚΠ 1948 N.Y. Times 25 June 25/1 Donor fatigue is a natural result of inflation. 1951 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 45 408 Voter fatigue has not operated as might be expected. The greatest popular participation..has taken place in those instances when the greatest number of proposals have appeared on the ballot. 1961 F. W. Houn To change Nation vi. 233 Such monotony may already have produced audience fatigue. 2004 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 8 Aug. The shows have to be exciting to sustain interest over a long period and heed viewer fatigue, considering the plethora of similar clones littering the telewaves. b. Apathy, boredom, or disenchantment with regard to a specified issue or phenomenon, typically resulting from excessive exposure to it. Cf. compassion fatigue n. at compassion n. Additions, information fatigue n. ΚΠ 1961 Daily Herald (Chicago) 20 Apr. 1/5 The record turnout belied theories that the citizenry would suffer from election fatigue and neglect the polls after township and school elections. 1964 Internat. Devel. Assoc. Act Amendment (U.S. House Comm. on Banking & Currency) 46 We are suffering from foreign-aid fatigue and frustration and anything that is tagged ‘Foreign aid’..probably would not come out without serious amendments. 1991 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. (Our Maryland section) 15/1 With..mall-fatigue making shoppers yearn for a change, this old-fashioned form of shopping may be coming back into vogue. 1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. 1/4 He would prefer a top prize in the range of £7 million. Enormous sums could lead to ‘jackpot fatigue’ and an eventual decline in sales. 2000 Independent 25 Apr. ii. 4/6 I am concerned that at present ‘Africa fatigue’ is beginning to affect us all. If it is not Mozambique and the floods, then it is Sudan and the forgotten war. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fatiguev. 1. transitive. a. ‘To tire, weary; to harass with toil; to exhaust with labour’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] wearyc897 tirea1000 travailc1300 forwearya1325 taryc1375 tarc1440 matec1450 break1483 labour1496 overwearya1500 wear?1507 to wear out, forth1525 fatigate1535 stress1540 overtire1558 forwaste1563 to tire out1563 overwear1578 spend1582 out-tire1596 outwear1596 outweary1596 overspend1596 to toil out1596 attediate1603 bejade1620 lassate1623 harassa1626 overtask1628 tax1672 hag1674 trash1685 hatter1687 overtax1692 fatigue1693 to knock up1740 tire to death1740 overfatigue1741 fag1774 outdo1776 to do over1789 to use up1790 jade1798 overdo1817 frazzlea1825 worry1828 to sew up1837 to wear to death1840 to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847 gruel1850 to stump up1853 exhaust1860 finish1864 peter1869 knacker1886 grind1887 tew1893 crease1925 poop1931 raddle1951 1693 London Gaz. No. 2911/3 Many false Allarms to harass and fatigue their Men. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 192 Five of them..extreamely fatigued themselves in pursuing them [sc. cattle]. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 706 Heroes and their feats Fatigued me. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vi. vii. 143 Thou fatiguest thyself in vain. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 34 My morning's work had fatigued me. b. To induce a condition of fatigue in (a muscle, organ, etc.): see fatigue n. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] > in other ways ofliec1275 forseeka1400 overwatcha1529 haggle1648 wear1864 nag1870 fatigue1872 to run into the ground1955 1872 J. H. Bennett Text-bk. Physiol. I. 83 The muscles of a strong man are not so easily fatigued as those of a weak one. 1885 W. Stirling tr. L. Landois Text-bk. Human Physiol. II. x. 668 Loads may be suspended to perfectly passive muscles without fatiguing them. 1896 W. P. Lombard in W. H. Howell Amer. Text-bk. Physiol. ii. 97 It is doubtful whether nerves are fatigued by the process of conduction. 1954 E. G. Wever & M. Lawrence Physiol. Acoustics ix. 157 The ear is strongly fatigued with a tone of a certain frequency..and then is stimulated with two primary tones of adjacent frequencies. 2. a. To weaken by straining; to strain (a mast). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > by strain or stress fatigue1794 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 273 Augmenting the number of sails..at the risque of fatiguing the masts. 1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding v. 83 To render the angle-iron frames less fatigued. b. transitive. To weaken by the application of a periodically varying stress; to induce fatigue in (fatigue n. 1b, 1d). ΚΠ 1899 J. A. Ewing Strength of Materials iii. 56 A piece which has been fatigued by many variations of stress. 1905 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 67 491 A broad face of a specimen of oblong section is polished, and the specimen is then fatigued. 1925 S. P. Timoshenko & J. M. Lessells Appl. Elasticity xvi. 464 The material, after being fatigued, showed an increase in angular strain when frequency of alternation was decreased. 1962 A. J. Kennedy Processes Creep & Fatigue in Metals v. 298 The fracture hardness was lower for copper specimens fatigued at 20 × 103 p.s.i. than for those fatigued at 16 × 103 p.s.i. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > toil sweatc897 swingc1000 swinkOE travailc1275 carka1350 tavec1350 to-swinkc1386 labourc1390 byswenke?a1400 tevelc1400 toilc1400 pingle1511 carp1522 moilc1529 turmoil1548 mucker1566 tug1619 tuggle1650 fatigue1695 hammer1755 fag1772 bullock1888 slog1888 to sweat one's guts out1890 schlep1937 slug1943 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 159 Age is not vigorous enough for Business and Fatiguing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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