federationn.

Brit.

/ˌfɛdəˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌfɛdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1600s foederation, 1600s– federation.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin foederation-, foederatio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin foederation-, foederatio alliance, union (late 4th cent.) < classical Latin foederāt- , past participial stem of foederāre federate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French fédération (14th cent. in Middle French as federation , earliest in sense 2b), Catalan federació (1344), Spanish federación (first half of the 15th cent.). Compare earlier confederation n.

a. The action of federating or uniting in a league or covenant; (now) spec. the formation of a political unit from a number of separate states, provinces, or colonies, each of which remains more or less independent with regard to its internal affairs; (also) a similar process involving a number of separate organizations, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > action of

fasteningOE

confederationc1425

confedering1530

banding1593

bandying1599

coalescence1609

associating1644

concorporating1648

federation1652

confederating1687

fraternizing1793

colleaguing1817

leaguing1841

ganging1891

gang-up1936

gang-banging1966

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [noun] > federal system > making into

federation1652

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > action of

confederationc1425

federation1652

leaguing1841

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > act or state of

federalization1800

federation1867

1652 tr. Racovian Catechisme 124 It ascertained us of the exceeding great love of God towards us, so that he is thereby engaged to make good what he hath promised us in the New Covenant; whence it is called the Blood of the New Covenant... And the Bloud of sprinkling, (that is, of federation).

1657 F. Roberts Mysterium & Medulla Bibliorum 1714 To be in Covenant with God, not only by Outward, but also by Inward Foederation, is most advantagious.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Federation, a Covenanting.

1849 Morning Chron. 5 June 4/2 The great feature of the bill was, that it provided for the federation of all the Australian colonies.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 105 There must have been, if not centralization, at least federation, from the beginning.

1958 J. M. Ward Earl Grey & Austral. Colonies viii. 218 The years following the establishment of the anti-felon confederation saw several new proposals for the federation of the Australian colonies.

1973 Nation (Barbados) 16 Dec. 4/2 Without the eventual federation of the unit territories or a confederation of independent mini-states, the West Indies have no future.

1978 L. O'Charley Anat. of Strike 155 Thirty six proposed constitutional amendments since federation.

2011 G. Miron Waning of Emancipation iii. 104 A key figure in the federation of the immigrants' organizations and a devoted Socialist.

b. Federation of the British Empire: a proposed readjustment of the relations between the various parts of the British Empire, by which the colonies would have shared with Britain the control and the cost of all measures taken for the safety and well-being of the Empire as a whole. Cf. imperial federation n. at imperial adj. and n. Compounds. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > act or state of > of former British Empire

Federation of the British Empire1871

1871 Bradford Observer 27 Jan. 3/1 (heading) The Federation of the British Empire.

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 June 11/1 A paper was read by Sir George F. Bowen on ‘The Federation of the British Empire’...He adopted Mr. Forster's definition of..Imperial Federation—viz., such a union of the mother country with her colonies as would keep the British Empire one State in relation to other States, through the agency of an organisation for common defence, and a joint foreign policy.

1931 S. C-Y. Cheng (title) Schemes for the federation of the British Empire.

a. Often with capital initial. A nation or political unit formed from a number of separate states, provinces, or colonies, each of which remains more or less independent with regard to its internal affairs. Frequently in the names of polities of this type.Russian Federation: see Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b.

ΚΠ

1791 Mass. Mag. Aug. 505/1 Those principles..on which the federation is founded.

1849 J. A. Roebuck Colonies of Eng. iv. 175 We may see another great Federation arise in the southern hemisphere.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. 325 The Batavian federation.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 410 All this was in the century preceding the formation of the Hanseatic federation.

1865 H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons III. xiii. 143 The Australian Federation..need not despair of finding a casus belli among themselves.

1912 Forum Dec. 755 The Triple Alliance, the Triple Entente and the Balkan Federation will not swim comfortably together.

1943 Life 29 Mar. 13 Their country is a federation of 10 union republics among which the people known as the Great Russians are only one.

2014 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 2 July (Opinion section) 47 The terms of reference for the government's white paper on the reform of the federation are ambitious but the review process is bureaucratic.

b. A league or association formed for joint action or mutual support; (now) esp. a federated body formed from a number of separate organizations, societies, etc., each retaining control of its own internal affairs.Often (with capital initial) in names of such federated bodies.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > group associated for common purpose

covinc1330

lyancec1380

university?1473

army1540

band1557

union1603

coalescence1609

confederation1621

associationa1658

confederacy1681

federation1791

brigade1806

united front1807

class movement1839

company1839

paction1877

combine1889

protest movement1898

protest group1920

minority movement1923

we1926

power1966

1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 41 Is he obliged..to keep any terms with those clubs and federations?

1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. I. Addr. to Rdr. 5 There would be a federation amongst the sensible..people.

1886 Sat. Rev. 21 Aug. 251/1 The National Liberal Federation..a monument of the efficacity..of programmes and delegacy.

1892 Daily News 14 Mar. 5/8 In Durham the Federation means the union of the Durham collieries.

1915 Times 9 Oct. 3/1 The conference of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain.

1951 C. A. Myers Industr. Relations Sweden viii. 112 Centralization has its dangers, of course, and these are recognized by the more thoughtful men in the Swedish labor and employer federations.

1987 Sc. Curler Sept. 12/4 President of The International Curling Federation, Philip Dawson, gave the ice to the curlers.

2010 Asian Woman No. 43. 71/2 I have been one of the most crucified players in the history of pool for standing up for myself against corrupt organisations and federations.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as federation reform, federation society, etc.

ΚΠ

1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 56 To learn new principles of Whiggism, imported from France, and disseminated in this country from dissenting pulpits, from federation societies, and from..pamphlets.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. ix. 266 Our sublime Federation Field is wetted,..with French blood.

1897 Typogr. Jrnl. Jan. The talk of ‘gun-plays’ at the Federation Convention..is without a germ of truth.

1940 E. Pound Let. 8 Feb. in Pound/Lewis: Lett. (1985) iii. 220 This federation poop is just the same old..secret committee of shit.

1976 Times 17 Dec. 34/6 MSC has twice this year refused to cooperate with federation members.

2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 July 33/1 (heading) Kenneth Wiltshire says the upcoming COAG meeting must set the stage for federation reform.

C2.

Federation Cup n. Sport (a name for) any of various sporting competitions, typically organized by the relevant sport’s governing body; (now) esp. (in Tennis) an annual knockout tournament between teams of female players from different countries, with fixtures taking place at various times throughout the year. In Tennis now usually shortened to Fed Cup.

ΚΠ

1896 Reynold's Newspaper 26 Apr. 8/6 While playing in the Federation Cup for Kensal St Mary's against Old Antonians yesterday a football player..snapped a small bone in his leg.

1902 North-China Herald 14 May 957/2 The splendid win of Mr W. W. Cox on Wahine in the Federation Cup.

1963 Guardian 1 May 11/3 Australia..are top seeds in the new women's team competition for the Federation Cup.

1980 Times of India 9 May 9/2 What one witnessed here in the Federation Cup final today was a travesty of the game.

2011 J. Grasso Hist. Dict. Tennis 151 She played in the Federation Cup from 2001 to 2005 and 2007 to 2010.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	federation
释义	federationn. Brit. /ˌfɛdəˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌfɛdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1600s foederation, 1600s– federation. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin foederation-, foederatio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin foederation-, foederatio alliance, union (late 4th cent.) < classical Latin foederāt- , past participial stem of foederāre federate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French fédération (14th cent. in Middle French as federation , earliest in sense 2b), Catalan federació (1344), Spanish federación (first half of the 15th cent.). Compare earlier confederation n. 1. a. The action of federating or uniting in a league or covenant; (now) spec. the formation of a political unit from a number of separate states, provinces, or colonies, each of which remains more or less independent with regard to its internal affairs; (also) a similar process involving a number of separate organizations, etc. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > action of fasteningOE confederationc1425 confedering1530 banding1593 bandying1599 coalescence1609 associating1644 concorporating1648 federation1652 confederating1687 fraternizing1793 colleaguing1817 leaguing1841 ganging1891 gang-up1936 gang-banging1966 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [noun] > federal system > making into federation1652 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > action of confederationc1425 federation1652 leaguing1841 society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > act or state of federalization1800 federation1867 1652 tr. Racovian Catechisme 124 It ascertained us of the exceeding great love of God towards us, so that he is thereby engaged to make good what he hath promised us in the New Covenant; whence it is called the Blood of the New Covenant... And the Bloud of sprinkling, (that is, of federation). 1657 F. Roberts Mysterium & Medulla Bibliorum 1714 To be in Covenant with God, not only by Outward, but also by Inward Foederation, is most advantagious. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Federation, a Covenanting. 1849 Morning Chron. 5 June 4/2 The great feature of the bill was, that it provided for the federation of all the Australian colonies. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 105 There must have been, if not centralization, at least federation, from the beginning. 1958 J. M. Ward Earl Grey & Austral. Colonies viii. 218 The years following the establishment of the anti-felon confederation saw several new proposals for the federation of the Australian colonies. 1973 Nation (Barbados) 16 Dec. 4/2 Without the eventual federation of the unit territories or a confederation of independent mini-states, the West Indies have no future. 1978 L. O'Charley Anat. of Strike 155 Thirty six proposed constitutional amendments since federation. 2011 G. Miron Waning of Emancipation iii. 104 A key figure in the federation of the immigrants' organizations and a devoted Socialist. b. Federation of the British Empire: a proposed readjustment of the relations between the various parts of the British Empire, by which the colonies would have shared with Britain the control and the cost of all measures taken for the safety and well-being of the Empire as a whole. Cf. imperial federation n. at imperial adj. and n. Compounds. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > act or state of > of former British Empire Federation of the British Empire1871 1871 Bradford Observer 27 Jan. 3/1 (heading) The Federation of the British Empire. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 June 11/1 A paper was read by Sir George F. Bowen on ‘The Federation of the British Empire’...He adopted Mr. Forster's definition of..Imperial Federation—viz., such a union of the mother country with her colonies as would keep the British Empire one State in relation to other States, through the agency of an organisation for common defence, and a joint foreign policy. 1931 S. C-Y. Cheng (title) Schemes for the federation of the British Empire. 2. a. Often with capital initial. A nation or political unit formed from a number of separate states, provinces, or colonies, each of which remains more or less independent with regard to its internal affairs. Frequently in the names of polities of this type.Russian Federation: see Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b. ΚΠ 1791 Mass. Mag. Aug. 505/1 Those principles..on which the federation is founded. 1849 J. A. Roebuck Colonies of Eng. iv. 175 We may see another great Federation arise in the southern hemisphere. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. 325 The Batavian federation. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 410 All this was in the century preceding the formation of the Hanseatic federation. 1865 H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons III. xiii. 143 The Australian Federation..need not despair of finding a casus belli among themselves. 1912 Forum Dec. 755 The Triple Alliance, the Triple Entente and the Balkan Federation will not swim comfortably together. 1943 Life 29 Mar. 13 Their country is a federation of 10 union republics among which the people known as the Great Russians are only one. 2014 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 2 July (Opinion section) 47 The terms of reference for the government's white paper on the reform of the federation are ambitious but the review process is bureaucratic. b. A league or association formed for joint action or mutual support; (now) esp. a federated body formed from a number of separate organizations, societies, etc., each retaining control of its own internal affairs.Often (with capital initial) in names of such federated bodies. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > group associated for common purpose covinc1330 lyancec1380 university?1473 army1540 band1557 union1603 coalescence1609 confederation1621 associationa1658 confederacy1681 federation1791 brigade1806 united front1807 class movement1839 company1839 paction1877 combine1889 protest movement1898 protest group1920 minority movement1923 we1926 power1966 1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 41 Is he obliged..to keep any terms with those clubs and federations? 1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. I. Addr. to Rdr. 5 There would be a federation amongst the sensible..people. 1886 Sat. Rev. 21 Aug. 251/1 The National Liberal Federation..a monument of the efficacity..of programmes and delegacy. 1892 Daily News 14 Mar. 5/8 In Durham the Federation means the union of the Durham collieries. 1915 Times 9 Oct. 3/1 The conference of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. 1951 C. A. Myers Industr. Relations Sweden viii. 112 Centralization has its dangers, of course, and these are recognized by the more thoughtful men in the Swedish labor and employer federations. 1987 Sc. Curler Sept. 12/4 President of The International Curling Federation, Philip Dawson, gave the ice to the curlers. 2010 Asian Woman No. 43. 71/2 I have been one of the most crucified players in the history of pool for standing up for myself against corrupt organisations and federations. Compounds C1. General attributive, as federation reform, federation society, etc. ΚΠ 1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 56 To learn new principles of Whiggism, imported from France, and disseminated in this country from dissenting pulpits, from federation societies, and from..pamphlets. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. ix. 266 Our sublime Federation Field is wetted,..with French blood. 1897 Typogr. Jrnl. Jan. The talk of ‘gun-plays’ at the Federation Convention..is without a germ of truth. 1940 E. Pound Let. 8 Feb. in Pound/Lewis: Lett. (1985) iii. 220 This federation poop is just the same old..secret committee of shit. 1976 Times 17 Dec. 34/6 MSC has twice this year refused to cooperate with federation members. 2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 July 33/1 (heading) Kenneth Wiltshire says the upcoming COAG meeting must set the stage for federation reform. C2. Federation Cup n. Sport (a name for) any of various sporting competitions, typically organized by the relevant sport’s governing body; (now) esp. (in Tennis) an annual knockout tournament between teams of female players from different countries, with fixtures taking place at various times throughout the year. In Tennis now usually shortened to Fed Cup. ΚΠ 1896 Reynold's Newspaper 26 Apr. 8/6 While playing in the Federation Cup for Kensal St Mary's against Old Antonians yesterday a football player..snapped a small bone in his leg. 1902 North-China Herald 14 May 957/2 The splendid win of Mr W. W. Cox on Wahine in the Federation Cup. 1963 Guardian 1 May 11/3 Australia..are top seeds in the new women's team competition for the Federation Cup. 1980 Times of India 9 May 9/2 What one witnessed here in the Federation Cup final today was a travesty of the game. 2011 J. Grasso Hist. Dict. Tennis 151 She played in the Federation Cup from 2001 to 2005 and 2007 to 2010. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1652
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