anchoressn.

Brit.

/aŋkəˈrɛs/,

/ˈaŋk(ə)rᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈæŋk(ə)rəs/

Forms:

α. Middle English anncras, Middle English–1500s ancres, Middle English–1500s ankres, Middle English–1600s ancresse, 1500s anckres, 1500s ancrys, 1500s ankrys, 1500s–1600s ankresse, 1500s–1600s ankrisse, 1600s ancris, 1800s–1900s ancress (chiefly historical and archaic), 1800s–1900s ankress (chiefly historical and archaic).

β. Middle English anchoryse, Middle English angoras, Middle English ankeras, Middle English ankerasse, Middle English ankeresse, Middle English ankerisse, Middle English auncores, late Middle English–1500s ankeres, 1500s ancharesse, 1500s anchorasse, 1500s ancoresse, 1500s ankorasse, 1500s–1600s anchoresse, 1500s–1600s anchorisse, 1600s ancoress, 1600s– anchoress; N.E.D. (1884) also records a form Middle English ankorasse.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: anchor n.², -ess suffix¹.

Etymology: < anchor n.² + -ess suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin anachorissa (1483 in a British source) and also (apparently < English) Middle French anchresse (1530 in Palsgrave in an apparently isolated attestation).Compare Welsh ancres (13th cent.), which used to be interpreted as a borrowing < English, but is now regarded as a native formation within Welsh ( < ancr anchor n.² + -es -ess suffix¹). In English, anchor n.² was originally used to denote both men and women.

Now historical.

A female anchorite.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > anchorite > [noun] > female

anchoressa1250

anchorist1581

hermitress1611

hermitess1633

anchoritess1655

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 24 Iesu crist..seis as o grim hoker & oscarn to ancres [?c1225 Cleo., c1230 Corpus Cambr., a1250 Nero ancre] þat schulde beon his lefmon & seches þah utward Gelinge & froure.

1394 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 186 xij^d. to the Ankres of Thurgransby, and vj^d. to Alison hir mayden.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1243 Ȝef ho were ankeras or nonne.

1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §40. m. 31 Alice Ripas, anchoryse, inclused withynne the chapell of Seynt Eleyn.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Nvii Ladye faieth..is no Anckres, she dwells not alone.

1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. ii. xv. §1. 293 The Reuelation of Dame Eua the Ancharesse [1611 Anchorisse].

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xi. ix. 197 Ancresses that dwell, Mewed vp in walles.

a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffffff/1 I will..wall up my girle (wife) like an Anchoresse.

1661 R. Flecknoe Erminia i. viii. 22 She sate like solitary Turtle in absence of its mate: no Anchoress more inclos'd, no Recluse more retir'd!

1719 J. Harris Hist. Kent i. ii. 199/1 In King Henry the VIIIth's Reign, an Anchoress had a Cell here at the East End of this Church.

1759 Genuine Acct. Life & Trial E. Aram 26 The bones, thought to be those of the anchoress Rosia, were but lately discovered in a cell at Royston.

c1800 W. Wordsworth Misc. Sonnets xxi There a saintly anchoress she dwelt.

1865 F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xxii. 269 This Lady Ancress, or Anchoress, being some worn-out old nun.

1918 Catholic Educ. Rev. Sept. 108 Even a few villages are known to have had an anchoret or ancress living within the narrow confines of a room or two.

1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. ix. 189 In the Middle Ages almost every city church... had attached to it its anchorite or anchoress.

2011 Church Times 7 Jan. 14/1 A local anchoress must have been an attractive alternative if the priest proved unhelpful.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anchoress
释义	anchoressn. Brit. /aŋkəˈrɛs/, /ˈaŋk(ə)rᵻs/, U.S. /ˈæŋk(ə)rəs/ Forms: α. Middle English anncras, Middle English–1500s ancres, Middle English–1500s ankres, Middle English–1600s ancresse, 1500s anckres, 1500s ancrys, 1500s ankrys, 1500s–1600s ankresse, 1500s–1600s ankrisse, 1600s ancris, 1800s–1900s ancress (chiefly historical and archaic), 1800s–1900s ankress (chiefly historical and archaic). β. Middle English anchoryse, Middle English angoras, Middle English ankeras, Middle English ankerasse, Middle English ankeresse, Middle English ankerisse, Middle English auncores, late Middle English–1500s ankeres, 1500s ancharesse, 1500s anchorasse, 1500s ancoresse, 1500s ankorasse, 1500s–1600s anchoresse, 1500s–1600s anchorisse, 1600s ancoress, 1600s– anchoress; N.E.D. (1884) also records a form Middle English ankorasse. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: anchor n.², -ess suffix¹. Etymology: < anchor n.² + -ess suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin anachorissa (1483 in a British source) and also (apparently < English) Middle French anchresse (1530 in Palsgrave in an apparently isolated attestation).Compare Welsh ancres (13th cent.), which used to be interpreted as a borrowing < English, but is now regarded as a native formation within Welsh ( < ancr anchor n.² + -es -ess suffix¹). In English, anchor n.² was originally used to denote both men and women. Now historical. A female anchorite. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > anchorite > [noun] > female anchoressa1250 anchorist1581 hermitress1611 hermitess1633 anchoritess1655 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 24 Iesu crist..seis as o grim hoker & oscarn to ancres [?c1225 Cleo., c1230 Corpus Cambr., a1250 Nero ancre] þat schulde beon his lefmon & seches þah utward Gelinge & froure. 1394 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 186 xij^d. to the Ankres of Thurgransby, and vj^d. to Alison hir mayden. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1243 Ȝef ho were ankeras or nonne. 1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §40. m. 31 Alice Ripas, anchoryse, inclused withynne the chapell of Seynt Eleyn. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Nvii Ladye faieth..is no Anckres, she dwells not alone. 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. ii. xv. §1. 293 The Reuelation of Dame Eua the Ancharesse [1611 Anchorisse]. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xi. ix. 197 Ancresses that dwell, Mewed vp in walles. a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffffff/1 I will..wall up my girle (wife) like an Anchoresse. 1661 R. Flecknoe Erminia i. viii. 22 She sate like solitary Turtle in absence of its mate: no Anchoress more inclos'd, no Recluse more retir'd! 1719 J. Harris Hist. Kent i. ii. 199/1 In King Henry the VIIIth's Reign, an Anchoress had a Cell here at the East End of this Church. 1759 Genuine Acct. Life & Trial E. Aram 26 The bones, thought to be those of the anchoress Rosia, were but lately discovered in a cell at Royston. c1800 W. Wordsworth Misc. Sonnets xxi There a saintly anchoress she dwelt. 1865 F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xxii. 269 This Lady Ancress, or Anchoress, being some worn-out old nun. 1918 Catholic Educ. Rev. Sept. 108 Even a few villages are known to have had an anchoret or ancress living within the narrow confines of a room or two. 1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. ix. 189 In the Middle Ages almost every city church... had attached to it its anchorite or anchoress. 2011 Church Times 7 Jan. 14/1 A local anchoress must have been an attractive alternative if the priest proved unhelpful. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1250
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