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单词 fele
释义

feleadj.1

Forms: Also Middle English felle, Middle English fale, feele, fel, Middle English fall. See also fiel adj.
Etymology: Old English fǽle, corresponding to Old High German feili purchasable (modern German feil).
Obsolete.
a. In Old English: One's own; dear, faithful, good.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ags. Ps. lxxviii. [lxxix.] 1 Þin fæle hus.
c1000 Ags. Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 105 Þæt is fæle blæcern minum fotum.
b. In Middle English: Proper, of the right sort, good.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adjective]
goodOE
proper?c1225
felea1250
featc1325
seeming1338
rightful1340
thriftyc1386
sittingc1390
duea1393
truea1398
goodly1398
convenienta1400
wella1400
seemc1400
likelyc1425
fitc1440
tallc1440
befalling1542
fittinga1616
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1376 Ah schaltu, wrecche, luve tele..vich luve is fele, Bi-tweone wepmon and wimmane?
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 399 As þei God..Made þat lond so feele To be celer of al heele.
a1400 Sir Perc. 729 Thou art fele, That thou ne wille away stele.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

feleadv.n.adj.2

Forms: α. Old English–Middle English fela, feola, northern feolu, feolo, Middle English feole, (Middle English feola, fole), Middle English fale, Middle English–1500s feil(l(e, Middle English feel(e, Middle English–1500s fel(e, fell(e. β. (Middle English veale), Middle English vale, ( væle, veole), Middle English vele. Compar. Middle English feler, Middle English felire.
Etymology: Old English feolo, feolu (Mercian and Northumbrian), feola, fela (West Saxon) are respectively the accusative and the oblique case neuter (used adverbially, and hence as quasi-noun) of a Common Germanic adjective, of which the other Germanic languages have in their early forms only the accusative neuter as adverb and quasi-noun: Old Frisian felo, Old Saxon filo, filu (Dutch veel), Old High German filu, filo (Middle High German vil, vile, modern German viel, the latter also inflected as adjective), Old Norse fiǫl (chiefly in combination), Gothic filu < Old Germanic *felu < pre- Germanic *pélu (with ablaut-variant *polú) much; compare Sanskrit purú, Greek πολύς, Old Irish il.
Obsolete.
A. adv. (and n.)
1. To a great extent or degree, much. Also in so, too fele.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke vii. 47 Forðon lufade feolo.
OE Beowulf 1379 Ðær þu findan miht synnigne secg.
c1000 Wife's Compl. (Gr.) 26 Sceal ic..mines fela leofan fæhðu dreogan.
a1250 Prov. Ælfred 196 in Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 114 Ne ilef þu nouht to fele uppe þe see.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2442 He bounden him so fele sore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8991 Thoru wimmen þat he luued sa fele.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 56 Fell awfull in effer.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1884 Syn þe fre is so faire, & so fele vertus.
1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 192 The Beere, That they drinken feele too good chepe.
2. quasi-n. Much, a great number or quantity. Chiefly with partitive genitive. Often qualified by how, like, so, too.After the Old English period this use is seldom distinguishable from the adjective; later instances are placed here only when their grammatical character is evidenced by inflection of the following noun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
c825 Vesp. Psalter lxv[i]. 16 Ic seg[c]o eow alle ða ondredað dryhten hu feolu dyde sawle minre.
a900 Charter in Old Eng. Texts (1885) 444 & swae feola sufla.
OE Beowulf 1060 Fela sceal gebidan leofes ond laþes.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 19 Fela ic hæbbe geþolod todæg þurh gesyhðe for hym.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 208 Ne forlæt þu þæs blodes to fela on ænne siþ.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Monie and feole oðre godere werke.
a1300 Sinners Beware 87 in Old Eng. Misc. 75 Sunnen seouene þat bringeþ vt of heouene Swiþe vele manne.
B. adj.2 (Indeclinable; but as the word after 11th cent. was used all but exclusively of multitude, not of quantity, the final e was probably felt in Middle English as a plural ending. A solitary instance of felen dative plural occurs in the Ayenbite.)
1.
a. With n. in plural. Many. Often preceded by as, how, so; also in many and fele.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective]
feleOE
felefoldc1000
manifoldOE
unfewc1175
mucha1225
many one?a1300
greata1325
manyc1450
numerous1622
maint1706
right smart1825
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 963 (Laud) Se biscop..bohte þa feola cotlif æt se king.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1124 (Laud) Fela soðfeste men sæidon [etc.].
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 117 Fela stuntnesse beoð.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3067 Suche stones, so grete & so uale.
c1305 Land Cokayne 95 Þer beþ briddes mani and fale.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 5 Þou ne sselt habbe uele godes.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiv. 22 As feel arm serclis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18268 Hu fele pines ai sal þou fele.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 586 Sekemen come þedur mony and ffele.
c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 1110 He..hadde..of the quene many gyftis fele.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 768 Galiot haith chargit hyme to tak Als fell folk.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados i. i. 83 Sa fele ȝeris.
1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 201 So fele shippes this yeere there ware, That moch losse for vnfreyght they bare.
b. With n. in singular. Much.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > much/a great amount/quantity of
mickleeOE
muchc1200
greata1325
felea1400
muchee1722
queer1865
lotta1870
mucho1870
lotsa1890
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4050 Þat..sufferd sa fele peril.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1392 That so fele folk led obowt.
c1440 Generydes 6701 With kysseng fele.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 54 Feill folk als out of Germania.
2. In predicative use: Much, many, numerous. Also in comparative: More in number, more numerous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective] > greater number
moOE
moreOE
fele1340
better than1471
outnumbering1796
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 528 So fale folewen þe folk.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14079 Þe folk him foluand was ful fell.
a1400–50 Alexander 2084 A pake out of nounbre, Felire þan his folke be full fyue thousand.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1391 I wowche hit saf fynly, þaȝ feler hit were.
3.
a. absol. in plural. Many persons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude > of individuals, people
un-i-fohOE
felec1175
power1489
camp-royal1593
numbers1597
crowd1654
stock1668
somedeal1851
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 107 He mei findan fele þe beoð bet iþoȝen and istoȝen þene he.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7640 Fele shulenn fallenn. & fele sHulenn risenn upp.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 102 God, þet..yefþ more bleþeliche..to uelen þanne to onen allone.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8495 Þis writte wit fele was red and sene.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 522 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 Few ar trew, but fele ar [MS and] fals.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 641 In sum bargis sa feill can ga..That thai ourtummyllit.
b. quasi-n. Many of. Cf. A. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude
sandc825
thousandc1000
un-i-rimeOE
legiona1325
fernc1325
multitudec1350
hundred1362
abundancec1384
quantityc1390
sight1390
felec1394
manyheada1400
lastc1405
sortc1475
infinityc1480
multiplie1488
numbers1488
power1489
many1525
flock1535
heapa1547
multitudine1547
sort1548
myriads1555
myriads1559
infinite1563
tot-quot1565
dickera1586
multiplea1595
troop1596
multitudes1598
myriad1611
sea-sands1656
plurality1657
a vast many1695
dozen1734
a good few1756
nation1762
vast1793
a wheen (of)1814
swad1828
lot1833
tribe1833
slew1839
such a many1841
right smart1842
a million and one1856
horde1860
a good several1865
sheaf1865
a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869
immense1872
dunnamuch1875
telephone number1880
umpty1905
dunnamany1906
skit1913
umpteen1919
zillion1922
gang1928
scrillion1935
jillion1942
900 number1977
gazillion1978
fuckload1984
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 547 Fele of þise poyntes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7012 Fourti thusand of israel, O beniamin negh als fel.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 522 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 111 Ffeile of ye fals folk yat fled of before.
4. In combination with noun, forming an adjective, as fele-kyn, of many kinds, various; or an adverb, as fele-sith, fele-syss, feltymes many times, often. Also felefold adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]
sunderlyeOE
manifoldeOE
selcoutha1000
felefoldc1000
mislichOE
alkinOE
manykinOE
fele-kync1175
serekina1300
sundera1325
sundrya1325
serea1340
divers1340
varyingc1340
variantc1380
muchfoldc1384
serelepesa1400
serelepya1400
multifaryc1460
sundryfoldc1460
multiplicate?a1475
variable?a1475
sundrilyc1480
diversea1542
particoloured1591
multifarious1593
Protean1594
daedal1596
choiceful1605
Daedalian1605
multiplex1606
variated1608
diversified1611
multiplicious1617
variousa1634
multivarious1636
mosaic1644
multiple1647
omnigenous1650
chequered1656
plurifarious1656
ununiform1660
variate1677
disuniform1687
Proteusian1689
unsteady1690
unequable1693
inequable1721
variegating1727
varied1733
multitudinous1744
multifold1806
polygeneous1818
unequalized1822
ruleless1836
varicoloured185.
non-uniform1856
omnigener1857
polytypic1858
multiferous1860
variatious1871
variegated1872
polytypical1890
the world > time > frequency > [adverb]
unseldea950
oftOE
thickOE
ylomeOE
oftsithec1175
oftsithesc1175
lomec1200
oftlya1225
oft-stounds1303
continuallyc1305
oftena1325
rifely1357
oft-timesc1384
oft-timec1387
oftentimesa1393
oftentimec1395
fele-sitha1400
lightlya1400
oftentide?a1400
rifea1400
seresitha1400
many a foldc1400
often sithec1405
hauntinglyc1440
by many a foldc1450
fele-syss1489
frequently1531
feltymesc1540
oftens1567
oftenly1574
frequent1614
repeatedlya1647
(as) often as not1723
more often (or oftener) than not1723
not uncommonly1747
not infrequently1779
(at) every whip-stitch1824
oftenwhilesa1850
at short intervals1859
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3573 Hire sune wass himm lic O fele kinne wise.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 860 On feole [c1300 Otho many] kunne wisen.]
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xx. 18 Hou ofte sithes and hou fele shul thei scorne hym?
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28380 Oure fele-sith haf i ben to spend þe gode wit skil þat godd me send.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1483 Of mony kyndes, of fele-kyn hues.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 225 That ȝhe haf done till me feill sis.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 651 For fele sys quhen yow art away.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3014 Of hir fairehede feltymes hade þe freike herd.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1c1000adv.n.adj.2c825
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