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单词 fiction
释义

fictionn.

Brit. /ˈfɪkʃn/, U.S. /ˈfɪkʃən/
Forms: Middle English ficcion, Middle English–1500s fyccion, fycyon, fytion(e), 1500s fixione, 1600s fixion, Middle English– fiction.
Etymology: < French fiction (= Provençal fiction , ficxio , Spanish ficcion ), < Latin fictiōn-em , noun of action < fingĕre to fashion or form: see feign n.
1.
a. The action of fashioning or imitating. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming
shapinga1350
forming1401
formationc1450
fashion1463
plasmation?a1475
framing1551
frame1558
fashioning1574
plasmating1585
fiction1607
effection1623
formature1659
efficiency1665
formativeness1849
styling1928
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 534 In some partes of Germany..it [sc. the shrew] is called..Zissmuss, from the fiction of his voice.
1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules v. 37 The..Art of Painting..surpassing, by so many Degrees..all other human Fiction or imitative Art.
b. Arbitrary invention.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [noun] > operation of > arbitrarily
fiction1615
1615 T. Adams White Deuill (ed. 4) 83 The king hauing made positiue lawes..disdaines that a Groome shold..annull those, to..aduance other of his owne fiction.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 225 We have never dreamt that parliaments had any right..to force a currency of their own fiction in the place of that which is real. View more context for this quotation
c. concrete. That which is fashioned or framed; a device, a fabric.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming > that which is formed
shaping1340
fiction1579
figment1592
formation1646
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 32 The other syttes drawing Mathematicall fictions.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. v. 99 Thunder and Lightning..they haue in..their imaginarie fiction conioined.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 416 Renounce the odours of the open field For the unscented fictions of the loom.
2. Feigning, counterfeiting; deceit, dissimulation, pretence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun]
foxingc1220
feignc1320
faintise1340
simulation1340
dissimulingc1374
likenessc1384
dissimulationc1386
coverture1393
dissemblationc1425
assimulationa1450
dissemblec1480
fiction1483
dissemblinga1500
irony1502
dissimulance1508
dissembly?c1550
blindation1588
counterfeisance1590
misseeming1590
supposing1596
dissemblance1602
guise1662
dissimulating1794
make-believe1794
representation1805
sham-Abra(ha)m1828
make-belief1837
pretence1862
make-believing1867
postiche1876
kid-stakes1916
smoke and mirrors1980
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A iv b He that sheweth him a frende by fyction and faynyng for to dysceyue him.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. d.iiii Wtout hauynge ficcion in his worde.
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ti I say without fiction.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I4 A man of the purest goodnesse without all fiction or affectation. View more context for this quotation
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Wisd. vii. 13 Which I lerned without fiction.
3.
a. The action of ‘feigning’ or inventing imaginary incidents, existences, states of things, etc., whether for the purpose of deception or otherwise.The reproachful sense [= ‘fabrication’] is merely contextual.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [noun] > operation of
conceit1576
creation1604
fiction1605
commentation1652
contrivance1699
conception1771
coining1858
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > [noun]
invention1526
forgery1582
fiction1605
romance1668
fabrication1790
whole cloth1823
concoction1831
fictionizing1938
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F2v Hee that will easily beleeue..will as easily augment rumors..so great an affinitie hath fiction and beleefe. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvii. 151 To be pleased in the fiction of that, which would please a man if it were reall, is a Passion..adhærent to the Nature..of man.
1708 Ld. Shaftesbury Let. conc. Enthusiasm 7 Truth is the most powerful thing in the World, since even Fiction it self must be govern'd by it.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. 39 The extreme Mischiefe which Fiction and Fraud occasion in the World.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 99 The scene may appear to us so memorable, as to have afforded temptation for fiction.
b. That which, or something that, is imaginatively invented; feigned existence, event, or state of things; invention as opposed to fact.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > [noun] > something invented
fiction1495
fablea1593
commentation1652
myth1849
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aij/2 Deuowte doctours of Theologye..wysely..vse natural philosophye & morall and poetes in ther ficcions & feyned Informacyons.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure Proem v Whose [i.e. Lydgate's] fatall fictions are yet permanent, Grounded on reason.
1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oi The waues sollycited (a Poeticall fiction) by the wife of Iupiter.
1612 T. Wilson Christian Dict. 375 The popish Priest-hood is an immaginary and blasphemous fixion.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 126 If this were plaid vpon a stage now, I could condemne it as an improbable fiction . View more context for this quotation
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 251 Fiction is always more feeble than truth.
1850 R. W. Emerson Shakspeare in Representative Men v. 209 Few real men have left such distinct characters as these fictions.
1872 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) II. viii. iii. 536 Until fact..has become clearly distinguished from fiction.
1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 34 The fictions of the Virgilian age establish no presumption adverse to it.
c. A statement or narrative proceeding from mere invention; such statements collectively.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > [noun] > an invention, fiction, story
fablec1300
fantasy1362
feigning1388
invention?a1513
story?1531
finctionc1540
figment1577
fingure1593
fiction1599
knavigation1613
flam1632
gun1720
novel1764
fabrication1790
fudge1797
gag1805
myth1840
make-up1844
concoction1885
fictionalization1954
1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 32 Because you shall not thinke this anye fixione of my owne.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 What a fiction or fable was deuised.
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. v. 221 Let us cast away all fiction.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 318 Though this was all a Fiction of his own, yet it had its desired Effect.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxxvi. 326 Such an anecdote may be rejected as an improbable fiction.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 581 The messengers..might..have related mere fictions without incurring the penalties of perjury.
1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle i. 17 He had been playing off a fiction upon me.
4.
a. The species of literature which is concerned with the narration of imaginary events and the portraiture of imaginary characters; fictitious composition. Now usually, prose novels and stories collectively; the composition of works of this class.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun]
poetrya1387
fiction1599
prose fiction1808
science fiction1851
1599 R. Linche tr. V. Cartari (title) The fountaine of ancient fiction.
a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. vi. 142 Dramatic fiction copies real life.
1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. iv. vi. 226 Old people like history better than fiction.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 65 The Arabs..enjoy a remarkable advantage over us in the composition of works of fiction.
1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (1863) 10 The existing school of French fiction.
b. A work of fiction; a novel or tale. Now chiefly in depreciatory use; cf. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > a work of fiction
fablea1340
fiction1875
fictionalization1954
1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost ix. 258 They read nothing but fictions and levities.
1939 ‘G. Orwell’ Let. 9 Apr. (1968) I. 394 By contract he's supposed to publish my next three fictions.
5. A supposition known to be at variance with fact, but conventionally accepted for some reason of practical convenience, conformity with traditional usage, decorum, or the like.
a. in Law. Chiefly applied to those feigned statements of fact which the practice of the courts authorized to be alleged by a plaintiff in order to bring his case within the scope of the law or the jurisdiction of the court, and which the defendant was not allowed to disprove. Fictions of this kind are now almost obsolete in England, the objects which they were designed to serve having been for the most part attained by the amendment of the law.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > jurisprudence > [noun] > assumption feigned for argument
fiction1590
legal fiction1861
1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 165 It were against all right..that he should be iudged the father of that childe, by fiction of lawe.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 223 That ancestor, from whom it..is supposed by fiction of law to have originally descended.
1775 Ld. Mansfield in Mostyn v. Fabrigas, Smith's Leading Cases (ed. 9) I. 652 It is a certain rule, that a fiction of law shall never be contradicted so as to defeat the end for which it was invented, but for every other purpose it may be contradicted.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 26 It became a fundamental maxim, or rather fiction of our law that all real property was originally granted by the king.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xl. 312 The gold leaf has its representative in ‘legal fiction’.
1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law ii. 26 I..employ the expression ‘Legal Fiction’ to signify any assumption which conceals, or affects to conceal, the fact that a rule of law has undergone alteration.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxii. 17 The same spirit of legal fiction..shows itself..in the way in which the facts of the great confiscation are dealt with.
b. gen. (chiefly transferred).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > faint, imperfect idea > [noun] > false
idolum1640
idolism1671
idol1678
fiction1828
pseudo-idea1863
pseudo-concept1866
1828 Ld. Grenville Sinking Fund 11 To reduce debt by borrowing..is a manifest fiction in finance.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. vii. 116 By a like pleasant fiction his single chamber was always mentioned in the plural number.
1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism i. 2 The elements of algebra..are as full of fictions as English law.

Compounds

fiction-character n.
ΚΠ
1909 Daily Chron. 12 Mar. 3/4 A second helping of a fiction character..cannot quite be like the first.
1937 W. H. Auden & L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland ii. 28 The originals of the fiction-characters are generally well-known.
fiction-mint n.
ΚΠ
1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing viii. 84 (note) Those fiction~mints.
fiction-monger n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > writer or creator of fiction
fabular1565
story-dresser1592
fabler1614
figmentor1638
fiction-monger1835
fictioneer1923
fictioner1924
1835 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson I. ii. 31 If any one, hereafter, should tell your story, he will be accounted a fiction-monger.
1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. viii. 111 Trials have become lately quite hackneyed subjects, stock properties for the fiction-mongers.
1891 J. Winsor Columbus vi. 112 The credulous fiction-mongers who hang about the skirts of the historic field.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Oct. 3/1 He is no mere fiction-monger.
fiction-writer n.
ΚΠ
1859 Sat. Rev. 7 43/1 The rest are the regular property of the fiction-writer.
fiction-writing n.
ΚΠ
1856 ‘G. Eliot’ Jrnl. 20 July (1998) 62 I am anxious to begin my fiction writing.
1966 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. ix/1 Painting, play and fiction-writing.

Derivatives

ˈfiction v. transitive and intransitive. To feign; to fictionize; to admit of being fictionized. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > invent, concoct [verb (intransitive)]
feignc1384
fictionize1934
fiction1961
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > invent, concoct [verb (transitive)] > turn into fiction
to make upc1650
fictionize1831
fictionalize1925
fiction1961
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > tell or write fiction [verb (intransitive)] > admit of being fictionalized
fiction1961
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > relate or represent in fiction [verb (transitive)] > turn into fiction
fictionize1831
fictionalize1925
fiction1961
1961 Amer. Speech 36 138 You can see for your self it doesn't fiction.
1966 Punch 12 Jan. 64/2 Yes, yes, yes, but why fiction it? Particularly because the fiction is weak.
ˈfictioned adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [adjective]
fainta1340
counterfeit1393
pretense1395
feinta1400
feigned1413
disguisyc1430
colourable1433
pretending1434
simulate1435
dissimuled1475
simulative1490
coloureda1500
dissimulate?a1500
simuled1526
colorate1528
dissembled1539
mock1548
devised1552
pretended?1553
artificial1564
supposed1566
counterfeited1569
supposing?1574
affecteda1586
pretensive1607
false1609
supposite1611
simulara1616
simulatory1618
simulated1622
put-ona1625
ironic1631
ironical1646
devisable1659
pretensional1659
pretenced1660
pretensory1663
vizarded1663
shammed?c1677
sham1681
faux1684
fictitious1739
ostensible1762
made-up1773
mala fide1808
assumed1813
semblative1814
fictioned1820
pretextual1837
pseudo1854
fictive1855
schlenter1881
faked1890
phoney1893
phantom1897
1820 W. M. Praed Surly Hall 238 His fictioned flame.
1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy xiii. 110 The mistress of the house was dimly fictioned as being the only person who had ever read them.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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