| 释义 |
fifthadj.n. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian fīfta (West Frisian fyfte , fiifde , fyfste ), Middle Dutch vijfte (Dutch vijfde ), Old Saxon fīfto (Middle Low German vefte , vifte , vöfte , vofte ), Old High German fimfto (Middle High German vünfte , German fünfte ), Old Icelandic fimti , Old Swedish fimte , fämte (Swedish femte ), Old Danish fæmtæ (Danish femte ) < the Germanic base of five adj. + the Germanic base of -th suffix2; compare similarly ancient Greek πεμπτός, classical Latin quīntus, Gaulish pinpetos, Early Irish cóiced, Old Welsh pimphet (Welsh pumed), Tocharian A pänt, Tocharian B piṅkte, Old Church Slavonic pętŭ, Old Prussian penckts, Lithuanian penktas, Albanian pestë, and also (with different ablaut grade) Sanskrit pakthá-, Avestan puχδa.The α. forms in their suffixation show continuation of original Indo-European *-t- , unshifted because it was protected by the preceding consonant (compare early forms of sixth adj., eleventh adj., twelfth adj.); the β. forms show alteration of final -t to -th after fourth adj., seventh adj., eighth adj., ninth adj., tenth adj., etc. See discussion at -th suffix2. The ordinal numeral corresponding to the cardinal numeral five adj. and n. A. adj. 1. c1000 Ælfric xix. 25 Ær þam fiftan geare. c1000 II. 298 Fifte mægen is. c1175 103 Þeo fifte sunne is Tristicia. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 148 Þe fifte hwelp hatte. Inobediencia. 1340 (1866) 12 Þe vifte article zuo is þet [etc.]. c1380 J. Wyclif III. 444 Þe fyfft heresie. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 9232 To recken forth þat leuedi kin, þe fift eild wil we be-gin. 1486 E j b The fithe yere a grete stagge. 1526 W. Bonde sig. Dv By the vertue of the fyfthe worde, whiche thou dyde speke for gret mistery. c1540 (?a1400) 7553 (heading) Of the Fyuet Batell in the Felde. 1632 R. Sanderson 447 The fift position. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in 55 With smiling Aspect you serenely move In your fifth Orb, and rule the Realm of Love. 1782 W. Cowper Hope in 161 Just made fifth chaplain of his patron lord. 1857 T. Hughes i. viii. 191 The fifth form would fag us, and I and some more struck, and we beat 'em. 1884 Fifth ventricle [of the brain], the cavity which lies between the two layers of the septum lucidum. the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] 1611 2 Sam. ii. 23 Wherefore Abner with the hinder ende of the speare smote him vnder the fift ribbe. View more context for this quotation 1641 W. Hooke 11 Death..stabs them in the fift rib. a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I i, in (1870) II. 375 Smiting each Bishop under the fifth rib. the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous > a superfluous thing, part, or person 1631 T. Dekker i. iv. 147 Thou tyest but wings to a swift gray Hounds heele, And add'st to a running Charriot a fift wheele. 1891 91 205/2 The functions of the grand juror are too often those of the fifth wheel in the coach. 1902 H. James xvii. 255 ‘Respect’, in their game, seemed somehow..a fifth wheel to the coach. 1960 J. Bayley iv. 242 Her distress is partly finding herself the fifth wheel of the coach. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > plead guilty or not guilty > refuse to incriminate oneself 1953 19 Mar. 3/6 He said he would take the Fifth Amendment today. 1954 48 153 Any treaty might seek to put an end to the power of a man to defend himself by ‘taking the Fifth Amendment’, as you call it, to protect himself against self-incrimination. 1955 22 July 36/2 In the armed services, let a man take the Fifth Amendment and his military career is virtually doomed. 1967 22 Jan. iv. 10/1 (heading) Law: taking the Fifth and making a living. 1972 J. G. Vermandel xx. 133 ‘You can hardly have in mind to cast me as a villain because of that.’.. Alex nodded. ‘Right... If you want to take the Fifth, maybe Derek will settle it for us?’ 1976 12 Nov. 1413/2 To do what I did not want to do: take the Fifth Amendment. 1978 S. Brill Pl. 4 (caption) The former gym teacher took the Fifth Amendment when asked about the millions of dollars in insurance he had sold to the Teamsters health and welfare funds. 2009 V. Laken xix. 222 ‘Do you dye your hair then? Wear those safety pins and shit’ Marcos said. ‘I'm gonna take the Fifth on that one.’ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [noun] > that which is fifth the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [adjective] > fifth OE an. 827 Fifta was Eadwine Norþan hymbra cyning. c1175 39 Fifte is þet þu scalt forȝeuen þon monne þe wið þe agultet. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 23235 Of hell pine..þe fifte es vndemnes dint, þat þai wreches þare sal hint. 1584 R. Scot i. viii. 16 Statutes made in the fift of Elizabeth. 1678 B. R. 8 That cursed, unfortunate Fifth of November. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer II. ix. 395 The lots were cast on four; My self the fifth. 1817 P. B. Shelley x. ix. 216 Each fifth shall give The expiation for his brethren here. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [noun] > division into five > a fifth 1480 W. Caxton ccxxv. 230 The kyng axed the fifthe part of all the meoble goodes of englond. 1565–73 T. Cooper Cochlearium..two fift partes. a1687 W. Petty (1690) 73 The same Lands will produce a fifth part more of Food. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [adverb] > fifthly 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. gviiiv Fyfth, they be mortifyed from the inordynate affection of parentes. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] 1966 15 Apr. 526/2 The achievements of the trade union movement,..the pride the government takes in an historic, responsible and independent Fifth Estate. B. n.society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > one-fifth the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [noun] > division into five > a fifth 1557 R. Record sig. Biiv Sesquiquinta, 6 to 5: 12 to 10..(11/ 5) a fifte more. 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara 6 The kings fiftes and revenues. a1690 S. Jeake (1696) 209 To set down 3 Fourths and 4 Fifths. 1724 J. Swift 12 When the Publick shall have lost..Four Fifths of its Annual Income for ever. 1777 W. Robertson (1783) III. 370 The spoil..after setting apart the king's fifth, was divided among 480 persons. 2. Music. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > fifth society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > notes in diatonic scale 1597 T. Morley 70 A third, a Fift, a Sixt. 1652 8 He..Knows Thirds, Fifths, Eights, Rests, Moods, and Time. 1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais V. 80 La Quinte..a Fifth, or the Proportion of Five in Musick. 1825 J. F. Danneley Fifth, a note in music, of which there are three species, viz. the perfect fifth, called also dominant, the diminished and augmented. 1864 M. Gatty 4th Ser. 131 All the fifths were either too flat or too sharp. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [noun] > other chords 1631 E. Bevin sig. A4v There are nine Concords of Musicke, as followeth: A Vnison, Third, Fift, Sixt, Eight, Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth: Whereof five are called perfect, and foure unperfect. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes iv. xxix. 372 The Organ [of hearing] will..make that Concord which is called a Fifth. society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > low quality goods the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > plural 1881 7 Sept. 3/4 Butter..thirds, 106s.; fourths, 99s.; fifths, 78s. 1893 5 June 6/3 Formerly only as low a quality as good fifths were imported. 1938 D. Baker i. v. 68 Davis pulled the glass stopper out of the square bottle..—Shorty's fifths never came sealed; they never came fifths for that matter. 1967 ‘E. McGirr’ ii. 63 Bring a fifth—if you drink—and I'll provide ice. Compounds C1. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > for front of team 1874 E. H. Knight I. 839/2 Fifth-chain, the chain by which the single lead horse in a team of five is hitched to the end of the tongue. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > most perfect form or manifestation the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > quintessence 1584 King James VI & I sig. F Poure out, my frends, there your fift-essence fyne. the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves 1685 S. Collins II. iii. liv. 1047 The Fifth pair of Nerves, called by the Antients the Third, are seated below the other pair of Nerves. 1836–9 II. 270 The fifth nerve is attached to the surface of the brain on either side of the pons Varolii, at a distance of three-fourths of an inch from its middle line. 1875 I. 881/2 The Trifacial or fifth is the largest cranial nerve. 1931 19 Jan. 11/3 The Archbishop is suffering from severe fifth nerve neuralgia. 1968 W. H. Hollinshead (ed. 2) I. 70 The trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve is..the largest of all cranial nerves except the optic. society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > a certain or fixed sum > an aliquot part of 1732 J. Swift Proposal National Debt in (1841) II. 123 The lands of the primacy..are let so low that they hardly pay a fifth penny of the real value. 1809 W. Bawdwen tr. 416 Torksey and Hardwick paid the fifth-penny of the tax of the city of Lincoln. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > pluck, offal, or tripe 1679 J. Leanerd iii. i. 28 Come, 'faith never deny'd, if thou..art contracted for Gizzards, and the fifth quarter of a Hen call'd the Guts, I desist. 1794 22 54 Some value the saleable meat at 6d. per lb. allowing what is called the fifth quarter for the butcher's profit. 1879 17 June 6 The hide, horns, feet, head, tallow, and offal of the animal are not estimated in the value; they are known to the trade as the fifth quarter, they are looked upon as the perquisite of the butcher. 1922 J. Joyce ii. 94 Then the fifth quarter is lost: all that raw stuff, hide, hair, horns. 1995 Spring 8/2 The workers, as part of their pay, were awarded the quintoquarto, slang meaning ‘fifth quarter’, or innards. the world > matter > alchemy > other alchemical substances or theories > [noun] > fifth essence 1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés i. iv. sig. A vv The quint essence or fyfte substaunce, is a body of it selfe. 1635 D. Person i. 8 You conclude then that the heavens are of a fift substance, not alembecked out of the foure elements, but an element by it selfe? 1725 R. Bradley at Distillation Some have added a fifth Substance, to which they have given the Name of Spirit. 1756 J. Dove 117 Besides earth, water, air, and fire..I know not any thing: what then is this fifth substance? It is..the æther. 1896 S. J. Silberstein iii.132 The matter of which the spheres are composed is purer and higher than the Hyle of sublunar creation;..Aristotle calls it the fifth substance. 1988 L. A. Marschall (1994) iv. 71 Heavenly bodies, Aristotle taught, were composed solely of a fifth substance. the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous > superfluous or unnecessary society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > sway-bar or turning-plate 1874 E. H. Knight I. 839/2 Fifth wheel, a wheel or segment above the fore-axle of a carriage and beneath the bed..the fifth wheel forms an extended support to prevent the careening of the carriage bed. 1881 J. W. Burgess 92 The central circle is the wheel-plate, or, as the Americans term it, the fifth wheel. 1916 O. H. Prouty (title) The fifth wheel: a novel. 1916 O. H. Prouty xx. 187 (heading) The fifth wheel gains wings. 1944 H. S. Truman in M. Truman (1973) ix. 184 Maybe your dad can make a job out of the fifth wheel office. 1962 30 Mar. 418/2 The turntable on a tractor is known as the fifthwheel. 1976 24 Apr. 2/5 The vaunted and proud FSO ‘generalist’ has become a fifth wheel in many posts. 1666 No. 38/4 A Fifth Rate Fregat, called the Sweepstakes. 1672 J. Lacy Prol. My less than fifth rate wit. 1689 No. 2451/4 Admiral Herbert had with him..10 fourth Rates, 1 fifth Rate, and 2 Tenders. 1747 J. Lind (1757) i. 22 Captains of a fifth rate. 1857 T. Hughes i. ix. 208 For most of the sixth spent their evenings in the fifth-form room. the world > time > period > a month or calendar month > specific months > [noun] > May the world > time > period > a day or twenty-four hours > specific days > [noun] > Thursday 1698 S. Sewall (1886) I. 203 Am going to keep Court at Springfield, next Fifth day. 1799 E. Fry in S. Corder (1853) 63 Fifth Month, 1st. 1821 E. Fry in S. Corder (1853) 318 My beloved daughter, Rachel, was married last Fifth-day, the 23rd, at Runcton. 1868 G. G. Channing 231 I went frequently to hear him at the fifth-day meetings. Derivatives the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [adverb] > fifthly 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Cii Fyftely, they must despyse the deuyll wt al his pompes. 1681 H. More App. iii. 297 Fifthly, If it be demanded why, etc. 1686 J. Scott II. vii. 849 Fifthly and lastly, That Christ also was that Jehovah and divine Lord and King..is evident. 1800 Young in (Royal Soc.) 91 82 Fifthly by immerging the eye in water. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.c1000 |
