femurn.

Brit.

/ˈfiːmə/, U.S.

/ˈfimər/

Inflections: Plural femurs, femora Brit.

/ˈfɛm(ə)rə/, U.S.

/ˈfɛmərə/.

Forms: 1500s– femur, 1700s– femor.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin femor-, femur.

Etymology: < classical Latin femor-, femur thigh, corresponding part of other animals, flat vertical band on a triglyph; of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French fémur thigh bone (1541), Italian femore (14th cent.).In the plural form femora after the Latin plural form.

1. Architecture. Any of the flat, vertical, projecting faces between each pair of glyphs of a Doric triglyph. Cf. stria n. 1, shank n. 4c.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > entablature > parts of Doric entablature

edge1563

femur1563

gutta1563

metope1563

modillion1563

mutule1563

regula1563

subtenia1563

taenia1563

triglyph1563

demi-metope1703

semi-metope1703

diglyph1728

glyph1775

shank1823

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Di^v The pillor shalbe garnished with Canalicoli..and the fifth parte is for Striæ, which are also called Femora.

1795 A. Aufrere tr. K. U. von Salis Marschlins Trav. Kingdom Naples 275 I cannot conceive that the drops under the triglyphs were intended to imitate drops of rain; for in that case they should have been placed directly under the channels of the triglyphs, and not under their femora, or interstices.

1826 C. E. Papendiek Synopsis Archit. iii. 33 In the frieze the edge of the triglyph (τρια γλυϕις) which consists also of the femur (μηρος) is placed on the exterior angle.

1859 S. Sloan Constructive Archit. 76 The breadth of the triglyphs is divided into twelve equal parts, of which the breadth of the femur in the middle will be two parts.

1901 Amer. Architect & Building News 7 Sept. 75/1 The width is divided into three parts, called Shanks. Each Shank, or Femur, is bevelled on the edge nearly up to the top of the Triglyph.

1992 F. A. Cooper Temple of Apollo Bassitas (1996) I. xix. 240 The glyphs are 0.104 m. wide and are separated by femora 0.074 m. wide.

a. Anatomy and Zoology. The bone of the thigh in humans, which articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis at the hip, and with the tibia and patella at the knee; the corresponding bone of the hindlimb in other tetrapods.The femur is the longest bone in the human body. It consists of a round head, which fits into the actetabulum, attached at an angle to the shaft of the bone by a short stout neck.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > bone of thigh

femur1666

femoral bone1778

1565 J. Hall Anat. 3rd Treat. v. 85 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Then after the ioyntes of the hyppes, are ordeyned the thigh bones, called Femora, Femina, and of some Coxa.]

1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 70 The other is a round, and Cartilagineous Ligament, which proceedeth out of the very head of the Femur.

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 231 The Neck of the Femur must have struck upon them.

1778 S. Paterson Museum Falconariarum 8 The femor of a woman 15 days after amputation.

1824 Lancet 24 July 121/1 The femor had been fractured transversely, and the circumjacent soft parts were considerably devastated.

1869 P. Gillmore tr. G. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds i. 12 The femur, or thigh, is much lengthened and slightly curved.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 314 The thigh-bone or femur, corresponding with the humerus in the fore-limb.

1947 A. J. Macdonald & S. G. Iyer in W. P. Blount Dis. Poultry lii. 521 Field workers are now recommended to send femur bones, from suspected cases [of fowl cholera], packed in wood charcoal.

1989 Time 6 Nov. 54/1 Big plastic bags bulge with bright white human skulls, femurs and tibias.

2007 Wired Jan. 129/1 Surgeons shave down the ends of the tibia and femur, the two bones that meet at your knee joint, and fill the area with an implant made of metal and plastic.

b. Zoology. In many arthropods: the largest upper (proximal) segment of the leg, which in insects is the third segment (between the trochanter and the tibia).The femur is also the third segment of the leg in arachnids and other chelicerates, but the fourth segment in myriapods. The term is not used in crustacean anatomy (cf. merus n. 1b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > leg(s) > tarsus > third joint of foot

femur1772

1772 W. Curtis tr. A. Blad Fundamenta Entomologiæ 45 The first joint of the leg, which is generally thickest, is called Femur.

1831 H. McMurtrie tr. P. A. Latreille in G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom III. 235 The ambulatory organs of locomotion consist of a coxa formed of two pieces, a femur, an unarticulated tibia, [etc.].

1875 W. Houghton Sketches Brit. Insects 128 In some genera the femur of the hind legs is enormously swollen.

1922 E. R. Downing Naturalist in Great Lakes Region 158 The femur of the hind leg [of the lesser migratory locust] is reddish yellow and bears two oblique dark bars across the upper outer face.

1977 Jrnl. Arachnol. 5 195 When a spider hunches its legs the femora are raised, usually making an angle of approximately 45° with the substrate.

2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 121 The catch that keeps the tibia from extending too soon is formed by a pocket in the flexor apodeme, which sits over a lump at the end of the femur.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	femur
释义	femurn. Brit. /ˈfiːmə/, U.S. /ˈfimər/ Inflections: Plural femurs, femora Brit. /ˈfɛm(ə)rə/, U.S. /ˈfɛmərə/. Forms: 1500s– femur, 1700s– femor. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin femor-, femur. Etymology: < classical Latin femor-, femur thigh, corresponding part of other animals, flat vertical band on a triglyph; of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French fémur thigh bone (1541), Italian femore (14th cent.).In the plural form femora after the Latin plural form. 1. Architecture. Any of the flat, vertical, projecting faces between each pair of glyphs of a Doric triglyph. Cf. stria n. 1, shank n. 4c. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > entablature > parts of Doric entablature edge1563 femur1563 gutta1563 metope1563 modillion1563 mutule1563 regula1563 subtenia1563 taenia1563 triglyph1563 demi-metope1703 semi-metope1703 diglyph1728 glyph1775 shank1823 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Di^v The pillor shalbe garnished with Canalicoli..and the fifth parte is for Striæ, which are also called Femora. 1795 A. Aufrere tr. K. U. von Salis Marschlins Trav. Kingdom Naples 275 I cannot conceive that the drops under the triglyphs were intended to imitate drops of rain; for in that case they should have been placed directly under the channels of the triglyphs, and not under their femora, or interstices. 1826 C. E. Papendiek Synopsis Archit. iii. 33 In the frieze the edge of the triglyph (τρια γλυϕις) which consists also of the femur (μηρος) is placed on the exterior angle. 1859 S. Sloan Constructive Archit. 76 The breadth of the triglyphs is divided into twelve equal parts, of which the breadth of the femur in the middle will be two parts. 1901 Amer. Architect & Building News 7 Sept. 75/1 The width is divided into three parts, called Shanks. Each Shank, or Femur, is bevelled on the edge nearly up to the top of the Triglyph. 1992 F. A. Cooper Temple of Apollo Bassitas (1996) I. xix. 240 The glyphs are 0.104 m. wide and are separated by femora 0.074 m. wide. 2. a. Anatomy and Zoology. The bone of the thigh in humans, which articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis at the hip, and with the tibia and patella at the knee; the corresponding bone of the hindlimb in other tetrapods.The femur is the longest bone in the human body. It consists of a round head, which fits into the actetabulum, attached at an angle to the shaft of the bone by a short stout neck. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > bone of thigh femur1666 femoral bone1778 1565 J. Hall Anat. 3rd Treat. v. 85 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Then after the ioyntes of the hyppes, are ordeyned the thigh bones, called Femora, Femina, and of some Coxa.] 1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 70 The other is a round, and Cartilagineous Ligament, which proceedeth out of the very head of the Femur. 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 231 The Neck of the Femur must have struck upon them. 1778 S. Paterson Museum Falconariarum 8 The femor of a woman 15 days after amputation. 1824 Lancet 24 July 121/1 The femor had been fractured transversely, and the circumjacent soft parts were considerably devastated. 1869 P. Gillmore tr. G. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds i. 12 The femur, or thigh, is much lengthened and slightly curved. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 314 The thigh-bone or femur, corresponding with the humerus in the fore-limb. 1947 A. J. Macdonald & S. G. Iyer in W. P. Blount Dis. Poultry lii. 521 Field workers are now recommended to send femur bones, from suspected cases [of fowl cholera], packed in wood charcoal. 1989 Time 6 Nov. 54/1 Big plastic bags bulge with bright white human skulls, femurs and tibias. 2007 Wired Jan. 129/1 Surgeons shave down the ends of the tibia and femur, the two bones that meet at your knee joint, and fill the area with an implant made of metal and plastic. b. Zoology. In many arthropods: the largest upper (proximal) segment of the leg, which in insects is the third segment (between the trochanter and the tibia).The femur is also the third segment of the leg in arachnids and other chelicerates, but the fourth segment in myriapods. The term is not used in crustacean anatomy (cf. merus n. 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > leg(s) > tarsus > third joint of foot femur1772 1772 W. Curtis tr. A. Blad Fundamenta Entomologiæ 45 The first joint of the leg, which is generally thickest, is called Femur. 1831 H. McMurtrie tr. P. A. Latreille in G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom III. 235 The ambulatory organs of locomotion consist of a coxa formed of two pieces, a femur, an unarticulated tibia, [etc.]. 1875 W. Houghton Sketches Brit. Insects 128 In some genera the femur of the hind legs is enormously swollen. 1922 E. R. Downing Naturalist in Great Lakes Region 158 The femur of the hind leg [of the lesser migratory locust] is reddish yellow and bears two oblique dark bars across the upper outer face. 1977 Jrnl. Arachnol. 5 195 When a spider hunches its legs the femora are raised, usually making an angle of approximately 45° with the substrate. 2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 121 The catch that keeps the tibia from extending too soon is formed by a pocket in the flexor apodeme, which sits over a lump at the end of the femur. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1563
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