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单词 fen
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fenn.1

Brit. /fɛn/, U.S. /fɛn/
Forms: α. Old English fen(n, Middle English–1600s fenn(e, (Middle English feen, 1500s finne, fene), Middle English– fen. β. Middle English ven, Middle English venn(e.
Etymology: Old English fęn, fęnn neuter, masculine = Old Frisian fenne, fene (masculine) (Middle Dutch, Middle Low German venne, Dutch ven (feminine), Dutch veen neuter) water-meadow, bog, Old High German fenna (feminine), fenni neuter (German fenne neuter, fehn feminine) marsh, Old Norse fen neuter, quagmire, Gothic fani neuter, mud < Old Germanic *fanjo(m (-jo-z, -jâ).
1.
a. Low land covered wholly or partially with shallow water, or subject to frequent inundations; a tract of such land, a marsh.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]
marsheOE
fenc888
sladec893
moorOE
mossOE
marshlandlOE
lay-fena1225
lay-mirea1225
moor-fenc1275
flosha1300
strother?a1300
marish1327
carrc1330
waterlanda1382
gaseync1400
quaba1425
paludec1425
mersec1440
sumpa1450
palus?1473
wash1483
morass1489
oozea1500
bog?a1513
danka1522
fell1538
soga1552
Camarine1576
gog1583
swale1584
sink1594
haga1600
mere1609
flata1616
swamp1624
pocosin1634
frogland1651
slash1652
poldera1669
savannah1671
pond-land1686
red bog1686
swang1691
slack1719
flowa1740
wetland1743
purgatory1760
curragh1780
squall1784
marais1793
vlei1793
muskeg1806
bog-pit1820
prairie1820
fenhood1834
pakihi1851
terai1852
sponge1856
takyr1864
boglet1869
sinkhole1885
grimpen1902
sphagnum bog1911
blanket bog1939
string bog1959
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty place > [noun]
fenc888
longayne1340
sloven's inn?1518
slut's corner1570
sink1590
Augean stable1596
spittle1624
spital1771
expectoratory1836
mill-tail1854
stable1903
pisshole1928
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xviii. §2 & eall þæt his fennas & moras genumen habbað.
OE Beowulf 104 Se þe moras heold, fen ond fæsten.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9038 He..drof Irisce men ȝeond wateres and ȝeond fenes.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 146 Grantebrigge & hontendone mest plente of dep ven.
c1325 King of Almaigne in Pol. Songs (Camden) 70 He hath robbed Engelond, the mores ant th[e] fenne.
c1440 York Myst. vii. 126 They will slee me, be ffenne or ffrith.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1321 In Lerna, the Grekis fen.
1591 J. Hortop Trauailes Eng. Man 21 Mexico, which is..seated in a great fen.
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 97 The joyless Sun..draws the copious Steam: from swampy Fens.
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iv. 162 Win from the waters every stagnant fen.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiv. 111 The margin of the broad, reedy fen.
figurative.1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. F2v He did..cut Poe-dike to let in a Flood of Heresies, upon the Fenns of Christianity.1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 140 England hath need of thee: she is a fen Of stagnant waters.1866 W. R. Alger Solitudes Nature & Man iii. 129 The hot fen of emulation and vice.
b. esp. †the fen (obsolete), the fens: certain low-lying districts in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, and some adjoining counties.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > [noun] > specific
the fenc1540
low country1776
Paris basin1830
905 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 905 Eall oð ða fennas norð.
c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 1 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 77 In lincolneshyr, fast by the fene, Ther stant a hows.
1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 59 Divers lands and wast grounds called the Fennes.
1770 T. Gray Let. 25 Nov. in Corr. (1971) III. 1151 200,000 acres are drown'd in the Fens here.
1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 92 A short visit to the Fens of Cambridgeshire.
1890 Handbk. Lincs. (John Murray) 4 Large flocks of geese are still kept in the Fens about Spalding.
†2. Mud, clay, dirt, mire, filth. Also, excrement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [noun]
fenc897
foulnessOE
foulhead1340
filthiness?1504
lepry1526
fedity1542
leprosy?1555
fulsomeness1563
disdain1590
obscenitya1618
sewer1647
fetidness1704
putridity1823
fetidity1829
disgustingness1851
feculence1860
grunginess1978
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > mud
loamc725
fenc897
addleOE
fanc1340
mudc1400
slutchc1400
slikec1425
slipc1440
slobber1440
sorec1440
sludge1649
mux1746
gutter1785
slakec1800
sposh1836
mudge1848
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > faeces > [noun]
gorec725
mixeOE
quedeeOE
turdeOE
dungOE
worthinga1225
dirta1300
drega1300
naturea1325
fen1340
ordurec1390
fimea1475
merd1486
stercory1496
avoidc1503
siegec1530
fex1540
excrement1541
hinder-fallings1561
gong1562
foil1565
voiding1577
pilgrim-salvec1580
egestion1583
shita1585
sir-reverence1592
purgament1597
filinga1622
faecesa1625
exclusion1646
faecality1653
tantadlin1654
surreverence1655
draught1659
excrementitiousness1660
jakes1701
old golda1704
dejection1728
dejecture1731
shitea1733
feculence1733
doll1825
crap1846
excreta1857
excretes1883
hockey1886
dejecta1887
job1899
number two1902
mess1903
ming1923
do1930
tomtit1930
pony1931
No. 21937
dog shit1944
Shinola1944
big job1945
biggie1953
doo-doo1954
doings1957
gick1959
pooh1960
pooh-pooh1962
dooky1965
poopy1970
whoopsie1973
pucky1980
jobbie1981
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xvi. 104 He underfehð ðæt fenn ðara ðweandra.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 147 Limus, lutum, fenn.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Ieremie..stod..in þe uenne up to his muðe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 490 Or or flum noe spredde his fen.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 655 Of þe comes mykel foul thyng, Als fen, and uryn and spyttyng.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 62 To..baþe hem in lustis as swyn in feen.
1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1500 Bothe maydenes, and garssoun, Fowyll fen schull on the throwe.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. iv. 17 The vile belleis of thai cursit schrewis Aboundis of fen maist abhomynabill.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 440 The loving in ane mannis mouth, Maid of him self, stinkis lyke ony fen Into the eiris of all vther men.
figurative.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 17 Virgile souȝt gold of wit and wisdom in the fen of Ennii þe poete.
3. slang. (see quots.) ? Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Fag the Fen, drub the Whore.
1725 New Canting Dict. Fen, a Strumpet, or Bawd, a common Prostitute.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. Simple attributive.
fen bank n.
ΚΠ
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 222 The Fenbanks in the Isle of Ely.
1890 Daily News 12 June 6/2 A fen-bank about six miles from Peterborough.
fen-boat n.
ΚΠ
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 272 One of the little fen-boats.
fen-boot n.
ΚΠ
1805 Edinb. Rev. 5 401 The hard seam of his fen-boot.
fen-country n.
ΚΠ
1830 T. Allen Hist. County of Lincoln iii. 65 Other rivers of the Fen Country.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 487 The great religious houses of the fen country.
fen-duck n.
ΚΠ
1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 65 The Fenducke, or Moore-hen.
fen-dyke n.
ΚΠ
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 127 Ye ffendiks..are deep ditches wth draines.
fen-earth n.
ΚΠ
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 205 The surface is of Black Fen Earth.
fen-fowl n.
fen-frog n.
ΚΠ
1865 C. Kingsley Hereward xxi, in Good Words June 419/2 Hearken, you fen-frogs all.
fen-grass n.
ΚΠ
1844 Hardy in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 108 A covering of fen-grasses.
fen-land n.
ΚΠ
a1000 Prose Life Guthlac (1848) 50 He þurh þa fenland reow.
1070 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1070 Þet Englisce folc of eall þa feon landes comen to heom.
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha Introd. 4 In the moorlands and the fen-lands.
fen-lander n.
ΚΠ
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1811) II. 21 Apud Girvios; that is, amongst the Fenlanders.
fen-river n.
fen-rush n.
ΚΠ
1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. vii. 45 a A kind of fen-rishes yt grew in the marish groundes of Egipt.
fen-skate n.
ΚΠ
1892 C. G. Tebbutt in J. M. Heathcote & C. G. Tebbutt Skating (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) vii. 268 A standard type of Fen skates.
fen-skater n.
fen-skating n.
ΚΠ
1882 N. Goodman & A. Goodman (title) Handbook of Fen skating.
fen-soil n.
ΚΠ
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 252 Light Fen soils.
b. Objective.
fen-affecter n.
ΚΠ
1616 G. Chapman tr. Homer Batrachomyomachia 17 The farre-fam'de Fen-affecter.
fen-dweller n.
ΚΠ
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 491 Girvij, that is, as some interpret it, Fen-men, or Fen-dwellers.
1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times i. ix. 20 Strange that those Fen-dwellers should approach the fiery Region.
1878 S. H. Miller & S. B. J. Skertchly Fenland xiii. 416 The spleen of fen-dwellers is often enlarged.
fen-farmer n.
ΚΠ
1891 A. J. Foster Ouse 196 The fen-farmers still gather in its market~place on Thursdays.
fen-farming n.
ΚΠ
1852 Clarke Fen Sketches 262 The unexampled improvements which have taken place in Fen-farming.
fen-paring adj.
ΚΠ
1797 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 161 A very complete and effective tool, called a fen-paring plough, the furrow of which is burnt.
c. Originative.
fen-born adj.
ΚΠ
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. Concl. 63 That fenborn serpent.
1871 A. C. Swinburne Eve of Revol. in Songs before Sunrise 296 These fen-born fires.
fen-bred adj.
ΚΠ
1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados 116 The fen-bred vapours.
fen-sucked adj.
ΚΠ
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 325 You Fen suckt fogs.
C2. In various plant-names, etc.
fen-berry n. the cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccus).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > cranberry
fen-berry1578
fen whort1578
crone1597
fen grapes1597
cranberry1672
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cranberry
fen-berry1578
fen whort1578
marish whort1578
bearberry1651
mossberry1670
bog berry1760
lingonberry1866
dingleberry1923
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xi. 671 Those which the Germaynes doo call Veenbesien, that is to say Marsh or Fen-berries.
1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius (at cited word) Fen-berries.
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (1879) 77 Fen-berry, from its growing in fens, the cranberry.
fen-cress n. = watercress n. ( Nasturtium officinale).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > cress
cressa700
town cresseOE
fen-cressc1000
well-cressOE
nasturtiumOE
watercressc1300
garth-cress?14..
watercress?a1450
women's meadwort?a1450
garden cressa1500
peppergrass?a1500
nosewort1563
nosesmart1589
water-rocket1605
nosewort1608
well grassa1646
cresson1657
water grass1708
tongue-grass1726
poor man's pepper1738
marsh-rocket1739
passerage1879
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > cress
cressa700
town cresseOE
nasturtiumOE
watercressa1400
cresson1657
tongue-grass1726
poor man's pepper1738
mustard and cress1808
fen-cress1818
Para cress1857
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 18 Wiþ heafod wærce, genim..fencersan.
1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Fen-cress.
† fen-down n. Obsolete = cotton-grass n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > cotton-grass plant or flower
moss-crop?c1475
fen-down1495
cotton-grass1597
silk grass1727
moor-palm1788
bog-down1794
moss1798
cotton-rush1826
lucky minnie's oo1866
cotton-sedge1872
moor-silk1879
month1881
month grass1881
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 19 With no scalded fethers nor fen downe nor none other unlawful and corrupt stuffes.
1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xiv. 230/1 They..bought Fen-Downe..for an Half-penny a Pound, and sold the same among Feathers for 6d. the Pound.
fen grapes n. = fen-berry n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > cranberry
fen-berry1578
fen whort1578
crone1597
fen grapes1597
cranberry1672
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cranberry > collectively
fen grapes1597
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1367 In high Dutch Moszbeeren, Veenbesien: that is to saie Fen grapes or Fen berries.
1878–86 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Fen Grapes, Vaccinium Oxycoccus L.
fen lentil n. water lentils ( Lemna minor).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > duckweeds and allies
endemetea1387
duckweedc1440
frog's foot1526
greens1526
duck's meat1538
water lentil1548
grain1578
fen lentil1601
Pistia1754
lemna1789
lentil-dew1800
water lettuce1847
Jenny Greenteeth1852
creed1880
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil
lentila1325
chicha1382
Cicer1382
lent1382
till1398
chickpea1542
chit1559
ram-ciche1597
fen lentil1601
ram's head ciche1601
lentil-pulse1660
chickny pea1693
gram1702
garbanzo1712
chana1838
lint1888
chana dal1895
fasels-
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 378 After the manner of Fen-lentils or Duckes meat.
fen-rue n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > thalictrum or meadow rue
feathered columbine1629
meadow rue1648
meadow rhubarb1656
Thalictrum1664
rue anemone1817
muskrat weed1830
fen-rue1863
feather-columbine1878
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (1879) 77 Fen-Rue, from its divided rue-like leaves and place of growth. Thalictrum flavum L.
† fen whort n. Obsolete = fen-berry n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > cranberry
fen-berry1578
fen whort1578
crone1597
fen grapes1597
cranberry1672
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cranberry
fen-berry1578
fen whort1578
marish whort1578
bearberry1651
mossberry1670
bog berry1760
lingonberry1866
dingleberry1923
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xi. 671 Marrishe or Fen Whortes grow..in low, moyst places.
C3. Special combinations. Also fenhood n., fenman n.
† fen-canopy n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > pest control > [noun] > devices or substances for repelling mosquitoes > net or canopy
fen-canopy1658
toldo1772
bar1775
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 957 Our Countreymen that live about the Fens have invented a..Fen-canopy..made of..Cowes dung..with the smell and juice whereof the Gnats being very much taken..let them sleep quietly in their beds.
fen-cock n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > genus Rallus > rallus aquaticus (water rail)
raila1450
coot1547
brook ouzel1611
bidcock1622
water rail1655
runner1668
water crake1676
bilcock1678
velvet runner1678
skiddy1787
fen-cock1880
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 21/2 Fencock, the water-rail.
fen-cricket n. the mole cricket ( Gryllotalpa vulgaris).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Orthoptera > family Gryllotalpidae > member of genus Gryllotalpa
eve-churr1634
churr-worm1668
fen-cricket1678
mole-cricket1686
mole1714
gryllotalpa1791
1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius A Fen-cricket, gryllotalpa.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Fen-cricket, a name given by some people to the gryllotalpa.
fen-fever n. a malarious fever.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > malaria
fever and ague1666
helodes1724
Roman fever1726
malaria1740
marsh fever1752
fen-fever1772
dumb ague1793
malaria fever1818
Panama fever1849
swamp fever1870
melanuric fever1875
tap1882
subtertian1902
1772 J. Lind (title) A Treatise on the Putrid and Remitting Fen Fever.
fen-fire n. = ignis fatuus n. a will of the wisp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp
fox-fire1483
foolish fire1563
ignis fatuus1563
fool's fire1583
Kit with the canstick or candlestick1584
going fire1596
will-o'-the-wisp1596
meteor1597
firedrake1607
wisp1618
ambulones1621
Dick-a-Tuesday1636
friar's lantern1645
gillian burnt-tail1654
Jill-burnt-tail1654
Jack-o'-lantern1658
fatuous fire1661
wildfire1663
wandering fire or light1667
Jack-a-Lent1680
fairy light1722
spunkie1727
Jill-o'-the-wisp1750
fen-fire1814
fatuus1820
marsh-light1823
feu follet1832
wisp-lighta1847
hob-lantern1847
ghost light1849
elf-fire1855
Peggy-with-her-lantern1855
fatuous light1857–8
marsh-fire1865
swamp fire1903
Min-Min1950
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion > ignis fatuus
foolish fire1563
ignis fatuus1563
fool's fire1583
will-o'-the-wisp1596
night-fire1633
Dick-a-Tuesday1636
fatuous vapour1661
fatuus1668
draco volans1675
spunkie1727
fen-fire1814
fatuous fire1845
fatuous light1857–8
1814–5 P. B. Shelley ‘The cold earth’ iii As a fenfire's beam on a sluggish stream, Gleams dimly.
18.. A. C. Swinburne Athens Mocked as whom the fen-fire leads.
fen-goose n. usually the Grey-Lag Goose ( Anser cinereus).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > genus Anser > anser anser (grey lag)
grey gooseeOE
fen-goose1606
greylag1685
marsh goose1766
stubble-goose1885
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 53 The wilde Fen-Goose.
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) II. ii. 570 Grey Lag, the Fen-Goose of Lister.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 147 Fen, or Marsh, goose.
fen-nightingale n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > amphibians > order Anura or Salienta (frogs and toads) > [noun] > frog
froshc1000
frouda1200
toada1300
paddockc1300
paddoc1480
hipfrog1611
croaker1651
Dutch nightingale1769
froggy?1800
fen-nightingalea1825
yellowbellyc1825
greenback1876
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Fen-nightingale, a frog.
1868 W. H. Wheeler Drainage Fens 69 Nor must the mention of the fen nightingales or frogs be omitted.
fen-oak n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > willow
sallowa700
willowa750
withy961
withec1340
saugh1368
yolster1387
willow-treec1425
wailea1510
wrig1564
seal1579
sallow withe1657
wilger1682
werg1707
sollar1733
salix1775
fen-oak1886
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants cultivated or valued for their many uses > [noun] > trees or shrubs having many uses > willow
willowa750
withy961
osierc1175
withenc1230
withec1340
yolster1387
willow-treec1425
osier tree1500
wailea1510
wrig1564
spert1578
seal1579
siler1607
palm-withy1609
sallow withe1657
gelster1670
wilger1682
osier willow1693
werg1707
weeping willow1731
sollar1733
salix1775
red osier1807
mourning willow1813
palm willow1869
fen-oak1886
bat-willow1907
cricket bat willow1907
sedge-willow1908
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. Fen-oaks, willows.
fen-pole n. a jumping pole for crossing ditches, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > other means of conveyance > [noun] > pole used for leaping dykes
lope-staff1603
kent1606
fen-pole1844
leaping-pole1859
1844 C. MacFarlane Camp of Refuge I. 10 It was a fen-pole, such..as our fenners yet use.
fen-reeve n. an officer having charge of fen lands.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > official in charge of moor or fen
fen-reeve1654
moorman1687
1654 in East Anglian (1871) IV. 14 They have chosen John Kent to be ffenn Reeve for the parish of Gillingham All Sts.
1865 W. White Eastern Eng. II. 172 The common lands are under the charge of ‘fen-reeves’.
1910 H. M. Doughty Chron. Theberton xv. 209 Fen reeves had been elected every year by ‘town meeting’.
fen-runners n. a kind of skates suitable for fen-skating.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skating > [noun] > skate > types of
rocker1820
High Dutcher1836
speed-skate1852
fen-runners1873
bobskate1903
tube1923
tube skate1923
clap skate1997
1873 C. Kingsley Plays & Puritans 76 How merrily their long fen-runners whistled along the ice-lane.
fen-shake n. the ague.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > ague
accessc1300
aguec1325
wedenonfa'c1500
exiesa1585
fen-shake1794
trembling aixies1808
(the) shivers1861
shaking1877
1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. viii. 321 What they [imported Irish reapers] call the fen-shake.
fen-slodger n. a name given to the Fen-men.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of England > Fens
tiger?a1513
fenman1610
yellowbelly1746
web foot1765
slodger1827
fenner1844
fen-slodger1856
1856 P. Thompson Hist. & Antiq. Boston, Lincoln 644 The Fenmen..were a century later known as Slodgers or Fen-Slodgers.
1893 S. Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Zita I. iv. 57 Sons or grandsons of half-wild fen-slodgers.
fen-thrush n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Turdus (thrush) > turdus viscivorus (mistle-thrush)
song thrush1598
mistle-bird1626
mistle thrush1646
shreitch1668
shrite1668
mistletoe thrush1719
storm cock1769
wood-thrush1791
rain-fowl1817
thrice-cock1819
mistle1845
hollin cock1848
fen-thrush1854
storm thrush1854
shirlcock1859
fell-thrush1879
felt1879
jay1880
jay pie1880
Norman thrush1885
stone-thrush1885
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 226 Fen-thrush, the missel-thrush, Turdus viscivorus.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 2 Missel Thrush (Turdus viscivorus)..Fen Thrush (Northants).
Thesaurus »
Categories »
fen titmouse n. = marsh tit n. at marsh n.1 Compounds 3b.
fen wainscot n. (also fen wainscot moth) a moth, Arenostola phragmitidis, found in marshy places.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > wainscot > arenostola phragmitidis (fen wainscot)
fen wainscot1860
1860 H. N. Humphreys Genera Brit. Moths I. 67 The Fen Wainscot..has the anterior wings rather bluntly lanceolate.
1951 C. N. Colyer & C. O. Hammond Flies Brit. Isles xx. 251 One [sc. a larva of Cnemopogon apicalis] has been recorded from a caterpillar of the Fen Wainscot Moth.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fenn.2

Brit. /fɛn/, U.S. /fɛn/
Forms: Old English fyne, 1700s– fen.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: < the same Germanic base as (with suffix forming adjectives: see -ish suffix1) Middle Dutch vunsch , funsch musty, mouldy (Dutch vuns ), probably reflecting an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of fen n.1 Compare also ( < an extended form of the same base) Old English fūht , Middle Dutch vucht , vocht (Dutch vocht , now archaic and regional), Old Saxon fūht (Middle Low German vucht , vüchte ), Old High German fūht , fūhti (Middle High German viuhte , German feucht ), all in sense ‘damp, moist’ (compare (with different ablaut grade) Sanskrit paṅka mud, marsh). Compare vinny adj., vinny v.An alternative (and less likely) derivation from the same Germanic base as foul adj. has also been suggested. The attested Old English form fyne shows i-mutation of original short u to y caused by the stem-forming suffix. The modern English form fen is the reflex of an Old English (Kentish) form with regular development of y to e. Compare also the obsolete and rare derivative verb English regional (Kent) fen:a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (BL Lansdowne MS 1033) f. 125 To fen or grow mouldy. Kent.
Chiefly English regional (Kent) in later use.
†1. Mould or mildew. Cf. vinny adj. Obsolete. rare.The meaning of Latin allugo in quot. OE is unclear; it has been interpreted as a scribal error for either aerugo verdigris, mildew (see aerugo n.) or (less likely) uligo waterlogged ground, marsh (see uliginose adj.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > mould or mildew
fenOE
mildew1340
moulda1400
moul1440
vinny1538
hoar1548
mouldingc1610
vinegar-plant1797
moulder1817
mucor1818
vinegar mother1839
leaf rust1859
wood-mould1869
Isaria1874
grease mould1882
brown mould1883
pourriture noble1911
fumagine1913
OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 124 Allugo, fyne.
a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (Lansd. 1033) f. 125/2 Fenny, mouldy, wth a green fen, as fenny bread, fenny-chees.
1899 D. W. Lewin in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1900) II. 331/2 [Kent] The leather was covered with blue fen.
2. A fungal disease, probably powdery mildew, affecting hop plants. Now historical and rare.
ΚΠ
1727 S. Hales Veg. Staticks i. 33 The stagnating sap corrupts, and breeds moldy fen.
1766 Compl. Farmer Fen, is also the name the name of a very pernicious distemper to which hops are subject. It consists of a quick growing mould, or moss, which spreads itself with great rapidity, and occasions dreadful ravages in the hop grounds.
1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) II. 249 The mould or fen mostly occurs at a somewhat later period.
1884 Jrnl. Bath & West of Eng. Soc. 15 62 Mould, mildew, fen, or white blight, as this affection is variously termed by hop-planters, is now almost universally acknowledged to be caused by a parasitic fungus.
2011 C. Cordle Out of Hay & into Hops ii. 26 Until the twentieth century there were only two hop diseases, powdery mildew (or ‘fen’) and hop aphids (otherwise called ‘blight’).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fenn.3

Brit. /fɛn/, U.S. /fɛn/
Etymology: fen, in Latin version of Avicenna, < Arabic fann species, class.
A section in Avicenna's Canon.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > extract > [noun] > of specific text
fenc1386
c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 562 I suppose that Avycen Wrot never in canoun, ne in non fen Mo wonder sorwes.
?1541 R. Copland Maner to Examyne Lazares in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Qiij Sayth Auycen in his fyrste fen of the fyrste boke of his Canon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fenn.4

Brit. /fʌn/, U.S. /fən/
Forms: Also 9 fan, 1900s– fun. Plural unchanged.
Etymology: Chinese fēn one hundredth part.
A Chinese monetary unit equivalent to one hundredth of a yuan or one tenth of a jiao; formerly, a candareen. Also, a coin of this value.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Chinese
tael1588
candareen1615
mace1615
liang1827
fen1852
avo1919
yuan1921
jiao1949
RMB1970
renminbi1971
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Chinese coins
cash1750
li1771
fen1852
tiao1883
yuan1921
tael1926
jiao1949
1852 C. B. Hillier in Trans. China Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. II. 5 10 Le,..one Fun. 10 Fun,..one Tsien.
1883 J. S. Dye Dye's Coin Encycl. 585 The Chinese Tael of the present day is divided into 10 Mace, or Li; 100 Candareens, or Fan; and 1000 Cash, or Tsien.
1921 H. T. Easton Tate's Mod. Cambrist (ed. 26) 184 10 Candareens or Fun or Fen = 1 Mace.
1947 A. R. Frey Dict. Numismatic Names 83/1 Pieces of five Fen issued for Kashgar have a square hole in the centre and Chinese characters.
1949 Whitaker's Almanack 905/2 By Presidential Decree of August 19, 1948, the Chinese National Dollar currency..was replaced by a new currency named the Gold Yuan... The subsidiary coinage consists of fen (cents) and Chiao (tenths of a yuan).
1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) lxx. 538 They charged a standard fare of forty fen (about sixteen cents) an hour.
1989 Dragon Nov. 23/2 Cash strings..must be obtained... Fen are obtained first, followed by yuan, tael, and ch'ien.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† fenv.1

Etymology: ? < Old French fien dung (see fiants n.); but compare fen n.1 2.The word occurs several times on the page, always in the form fenon (infinitive and 3rd person plural).
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. Of certain animals: To void dung.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [verb (intransitive)]
dritea1000
to do one's filthheadc1300
shit?c1335
to go to siegec1400
scumbera1425
cack1436
to do one's easementa1438
to ease nature, ease oneselfc1440
skite1449
to do of one's needingsc1475
fen1486
dung1508
spurge1530
to cover his feet1535
lask1540
stool1540
to exonerate nature1542
file1564
fiant1575
cucka1605
wray1620
exonerate1631
excrement1632
to do one's ease1645
sir-reverence1665
excrementizec1670
nest1679
poop1689
move1699
defecate1837
crap1874
mire1918
to make a mess1928
mess1937
to go poo-poo (also poo-poos)1960
potty1972
to do a whoopsie (or whoopsies)1973
pooh1975
1486 Bk. St. Albans F ij a All bestis that bere talow and stonde vpright Femayen when thay do so say as I the kenne And all oder fenon that rowken downe thenne.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

fenv.2

Brit. /fɛn/, U.S. /fɛn/
Forms: Also fain.
Etymology: Usually taken to be a corruption of fend v.
transitive. To forbid. Only in ‘ Fen (larks, etc.)!’, a prohibitory exclamation, used chiefly by boys at marbles, etc., in order to balk, bar, or prevent some action on the part of another.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)]
forwarnc893
warnc893
forbidOE
forhightc1315
defendc1325
forfend1382
dischargec1450
prohibit?a1475
bidc1475
withsay1484
fenda1500
abara1504
prohibit1526
debara1529
forbodec1540
exempt1553
forspeak1565
disbar1567
forsay1579
enjoin1589
abjudicate1602
countermanda1616
forjudge1675
restrict1766
oppose1814
fen1823
embargo1824
nix1903
ixnay1937
1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 125 Fen slips over again.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xvi. 159 ‘I am fly,’ says Jo. ‘But fen larks, you know! Stow hooking it!’
1864 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms ‘Fen play’, I forbid you to play.
1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases at Ven If one player says ‘ven knuckledown’ this means that his opponent must shoot his marble without resting his hand on the ground.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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