first handn.adj.adv.

Brit.

/ˌfəːst ˈhand/, U.S.

/ˌfərst ˈhænd/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: first adj., hand n.

Etymology: < first adj. + hand n. (compare sense 25 at that entry). Compare second hand n. and adj.

A. n.

1. at first hand (also †at the first hand).

a. Direct from the maker, producer, or original vendor. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §59. m. 2 Your lieges..selle the merchandises..in the said contres, and at the first hand bye ayeinward merchandises of the same contres.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiv. sig. H.v^v I bring home a Gose, quod he, not out of y^e poulters shoppe..but out of the houswifes house at the first hand.

1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 7^v At first hand he buyeth that paieth all downe..At thirde hand he buyeth that all borow must.

1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 210 They give ten times the price for it [sc. a medicine] that the Apothecary gives for it at first hand.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. i. 9 [He] thereby knows what everything costs at first hand.

1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) i. vii. 11 All bought at the first hand too.

1811 Sporting Mag. 37 76 Gave ninety guineas for that, which he might have purchased at first hand for five-and-forty.

1939 Ld. Beveridge et al. Prices & Wages in Eng. 249 The bulk of some primary building materials were purchased at first hand from the makers.

b. From the first source or origin, without intermediate agency or the intervention of a medium; in one's own person, directly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adverb]

from the first hand1659

originally1662

at first hand (also at the first hand)1725

1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes Discouery Inquisition of Spayne sig. E.iiij^v They know the witnesse had it at the first hand.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. vi. 88 The Sonne hath the very fulnesse of vnderstanding, because hee hath it immediatly and at the first hand.

1696 Acts & Resolves Mass. Bay I. 238 Housekeepers may provide themselves in the morning of every day at the first hand.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. v. 113 Learn all Things as much as you can at first Hand.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 73 Such a man is what we call an original man; he comes to us at first hand.

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 237 Matters we cannot well know at first hand.

1914 E. von Arnim Pastor's Wife xiii. 143 It was life at first hand, not drained dry of its elemental excellences by being squeezed first through the medium of servants.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Oct. 30/1 Her descriptions of the Gordon Riots of 1780, which she witnessed at first hand, are among the best available.

c. At first, to begin with.

ΚΠ

1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C^v The conny-catcher..at the first hand comes with a smiling face to embrace that man, whome presently he meanes to spoyle and coosen.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. 577 At first hand they wist not what to doe.

1646 T. Hooker Heautonaparnumenos 60 At first hand they will fall flat before you, though after a while you must looke to put more strength to't.

1733 H. Boad Artium Principia (new ed.) ii. 36 As to the Reasons..It is not expected that a young Beginner should at first hand understand them.

1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel II. ii. 374 This conception seems at first hand to be motive, when an Arc is treated as a Tangent.

1918 E. W. Gifford Clans & Moieties in S. Calif. 187 At first hand it seemed as though Maria was speaking of true moiety chiefs.

2003 M. Ulfendahl et al. in A. W. Gummer Biophysics of Cochlea 289 It appears at first hand to be a relatively simple up-and-down motion at the reticular lamina.

†2. from the first hand.

a. = sense A. 1a. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1655 R. Gardiner Englands Grievance Discovered xlvi. 98 Coals to be bought from the first hand, then there might be as many more Voyages in the year, as now they make.

1767 London Mag. Jan. 6/1 In order to have cyder from the first hand, and thereby get free from being obliged to pay any tax upon the cyder they purchase for their own private use.

1795 J. Adams View Universal Hist. III. xvi. 153 Indeed the national productions and merchandise, in short, whatever they could draw from the first hand..were to be stripped from the mother country free of all duties.

1824 Kaleidoscope 30 Mar. 323/1 The chief seldom receives from the first hand, laces, trinkets,..all those gew-gaws of luxury.

b. = sense A. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adverb]

from the first hand1659

originally1662

at first hand (also at the first hand)1725

1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 51 Yet is it better to take a Truth from the tenth, than a Falshood from the first hand.

1691 W. Temple Mem. Christendom i. 79 I could not but tell this odd story, because it is so much out of the way, and from the first hand, and what may pass for a good one.

1736 Bayle's Dict. Hist. & Crit. (ed. 2) III. 392/1 He knew from the first hand, that this sonnet was seen two or three years before the death of Mrs de Guerchi.

B. adj. Usually with hyphen.

1. Of or belonging to the first source, original; coming direct from the first source and not through an intermediate channel or agency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective]

mother?c1225

originalc1350

radicala1398

primitive?a1425

fundamentalc1449

primordial?a1450

primea1500

primary1565

nativea1592

fundamentive1593

primordiate1599

primara1603

remote1605

originousa1637

originary1638

parental1647

principiate1654

fontal1656

underivative1656

underived1656

fountainous1662

first hand1699

matricular1793

first-handed1855

protomorphic1887

1699 J. Pulleyn Serm. Gentlemen Educated St. Paul's School 3 He must therefore either receive them as an Oral Tradition from the Apostles, or some first-hand Witnesses.

1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) I. xliii. 307 Second-hand messengers, and first-hand insults.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 Dr. Pauli's study of first-hand sources gives..a correctness to his language.

1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 83 What knowledge you have of such beings is not direct, not first-hand at all.

1890 Spectator 31 May 765/1 The author has had access to some first-hand information.

1929 New Eng. Q. 2 658 One reads here first-hand accounts of adventure.

1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male i. 5 The data in this study are being secured through first-hand interviews.

2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 14 Dec. ii. 3/1 The firsthand experience of art gives something we cannot get any other way.

2. Of, relating to, or obtained direct from the producer or original vendor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adjective] > made by the person himself

original1599

first-handed1825

first hand1845

1703 J. Clark Spiritual-merchant iii. 125 He is the First-hand whole-sale-Merchant, and His Warehouse never runs out.

1845 Economist 19 Apr. 360/2 It will always be as much the interest of holders of second hand as of first hand goods, to dispose of their goods with due notice, and in the way to obtain the greatest number of buyers.

1908 Chemist & Druggist 7 Nov. 734/1 At the auctions of first-hand drugs held to-day an extremely dull tone prevailed.

1931 Economist 2 May 938/1 The landings of wet fish at the ports of Great Britain..had a first-hand value exceeding £5 millions.

1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. b2/6 Charlie's does carry a few first-hand tools.

2002 Daily Express (E. Malaysia) 21 Nov. 27/5 (advt.) Van for Sale. Nissan Vanette C22 (Nov 98) Good Condition, First Hand. RM41,000.00 (Neg).

C. adv.

1. Direct from the maker, producer, or original vendor; = sense A. 1a.

ΚΠ

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxiv. 248 Asking Phil Squod..what it [the rifle] might be worth, first-hand.

1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) II. 6/1 All these many objects of street-commerce may be classified in one well-known word: they are bought and sold first-hand.

1991 J. Adan Children in our Lives v. 182 Clothing purchased firsthand for her at a department store.

2003 N. Gregson & L. Crewe Second-hand Cultures 7 Unlike clothing purchased first hand, most second-hand clothing has actually been worn.

2. From the first source or origin, directly, without intermediate agency; = sense A. 1b.

ΚΠ

1910 C. W. Hobley Ethnol. of A-Kamba Pref. p. vi The information was obtained first-hand from members of the tribe.

1919 Motor Boating Sept. 72/2 It was my purpose at the time to ascertain, firsthand, why yachtsmen who gave, leased or loaned pleasure craft to the Government hesitate to take them back again.

1977 A. P. Thornton Imperialism in Twentieth Cent. i. 23 Uneducated Iranian peasants, if asked, would bring in another verdict on feudalism experienced first-hand.

2011 Vanity Fair Mar. 312/2 Connolly knew firsthand what it was like to bask in a star's reflected glory.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	first hand
释义	first handn.adj.adv. Brit. /ˌfəːst ˈhand/, U.S. /ˌfərst ˈhænd/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: first adj., hand n. Etymology: < first adj. + hand n. (compare sense 25 at that entry). Compare second hand n. and adj. A. n. 1. at first hand (also †at the first hand). a. Direct from the maker, producer, or original vendor. Now rare. ΚΠ 1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §59. m. 2 Your lieges..selle the merchandises..in the said contres, and at the first hand bye ayeinward merchandises of the same contres. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiv. sig. H.v^v I bring home a Gose, quod he, not out of y^e poulters shoppe..but out of the houswifes house at the first hand. 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 7^v At first hand he buyeth that paieth all downe..At thirde hand he buyeth that all borow must. 1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 210 They give ten times the price for it [sc. a medicine] that the Apothecary gives for it at first hand. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. i. 9 [He] thereby knows what everything costs at first hand. 1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) i. vii. 11 All bought at the first hand too. 1811 Sporting Mag. 37 76 Gave ninety guineas for that, which he might have purchased at first hand for five-and-forty. 1939 Ld. Beveridge et al. Prices & Wages in Eng. 249 The bulk of some primary building materials were purchased at first hand from the makers. b. From the first source or origin, without intermediate agency or the intervention of a medium; in one's own person, directly. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adverb] from the first hand1659 originally1662 at first hand (also at the first hand)1725 1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes Discouery Inquisition of Spayne sig. E.iiij^v They know the witnesse had it at the first hand. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. vi. 88 The Sonne hath the very fulnesse of vnderstanding, because hee hath it immediatly and at the first hand. 1696 Acts & Resolves Mass. Bay I. 238 Housekeepers may provide themselves in the morning of every day at the first hand. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. v. 113 Learn all Things as much as you can at first Hand. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 73 Such a man is what we call an original man; he comes to us at first hand. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 237 Matters we cannot well know at first hand. 1914 E. von Arnim Pastor's Wife xiii. 143 It was life at first hand, not drained dry of its elemental excellences by being squeezed first through the medium of servants. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Oct. 30/1 Her descriptions of the Gordon Riots of 1780, which she witnessed at first hand, are among the best available. c. At first, to begin with. ΚΠ 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C^v The conny-catcher..at the first hand comes with a smiling face to embrace that man, whome presently he meanes to spoyle and coosen. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. 577 At first hand they wist not what to doe. 1646 T. Hooker Heautonaparnumenos 60 At first hand they will fall flat before you, though after a while you must looke to put more strength to't. 1733 H. Boad Artium Principia (new ed.) ii. 36 As to the Reasons..It is not expected that a young Beginner should at first hand understand them. 1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel II. ii. 374 This conception seems at first hand to be motive, when an Arc is treated as a Tangent. 1918 E. W. Gifford Clans & Moieties in S. Calif. 187 At first hand it seemed as though Maria was speaking of true moiety chiefs. 2003 M. Ulfendahl et al. in A. W. Gummer Biophysics of Cochlea 289 It appears at first hand to be a relatively simple up-and-down motion at the reticular lamina. †2. from the first hand. a. = sense A. 1a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1655 R. Gardiner Englands Grievance Discovered xlvi. 98 Coals to be bought from the first hand, then there might be as many more Voyages in the year, as now they make. 1767 London Mag. Jan. 6/1 In order to have cyder from the first hand, and thereby get free from being obliged to pay any tax upon the cyder they purchase for their own private use. 1795 J. Adams View Universal Hist. III. xvi. 153 Indeed the national productions and merchandise, in short, whatever they could draw from the first hand..were to be stripped from the mother country free of all duties. 1824 Kaleidoscope 30 Mar. 323/1 The chief seldom receives from the first hand, laces, trinkets,..all those gew-gaws of luxury. b. = sense A. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adverb] from the first hand1659 originally1662 at first hand (also at the first hand)1725 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 51 Yet is it better to take a Truth from the tenth, than a Falshood from the first hand. 1691 W. Temple Mem. Christendom i. 79 I could not but tell this odd story, because it is so much out of the way, and from the first hand, and what may pass for a good one. 1736 Bayle's Dict. Hist. & Crit. (ed. 2) III. 392/1 He knew from the first hand, that this sonnet was seen two or three years before the death of Mrs de Guerchi. B. adj. Usually with hyphen. 1. Of or belonging to the first source, original; coming direct from the first source and not through an intermediate channel or agency. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] mother?c1225 originalc1350 radicala1398 primitive?a1425 fundamentalc1449 primordial?a1450 primea1500 primary1565 nativea1592 fundamentive1593 primordiate1599 primara1603 remote1605 originousa1637 originary1638 parental1647 principiate1654 fontal1656 underivative1656 underived1656 fountainous1662 first hand1699 matricular1793 first-handed1855 protomorphic1887 1699 J. Pulleyn Serm. Gentlemen Educated St. Paul's School 3 He must therefore either receive them as an Oral Tradition from the Apostles, or some first-hand Witnesses. 1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) I. xliii. 307 Second-hand messengers, and first-hand insults. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 Dr. Pauli's study of first-hand sources gives..a correctness to his language. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 83 What knowledge you have of such beings is not direct, not first-hand at all. 1890 Spectator 31 May 765/1 The author has had access to some first-hand information. 1929 New Eng. Q. 2 658 One reads here first-hand accounts of adventure. 1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male i. 5 The data in this study are being secured through first-hand interviews. 2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 14 Dec. ii. 3/1 The firsthand experience of art gives something we cannot get any other way. 2. Of, relating to, or obtained direct from the producer or original vendor. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adjective] > made by the person himself original1599 first-handed1825 first hand1845 1703 J. Clark Spiritual-merchant iii. 125 He is the First-hand whole-sale-Merchant, and His Warehouse never runs out. 1845 Economist 19 Apr. 360/2 It will always be as much the interest of holders of second hand as of first hand goods, to dispose of their goods with due notice, and in the way to obtain the greatest number of buyers. 1908 Chemist & Druggist 7 Nov. 734/1 At the auctions of first-hand drugs held to-day an extremely dull tone prevailed. 1931 Economist 2 May 938/1 The landings of wet fish at the ports of Great Britain..had a first-hand value exceeding £5 millions. 1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. b2/6 Charlie's does carry a few first-hand tools. 2002 Daily Express (E. Malaysia) 21 Nov. 27/5 (advt.) Van for Sale. Nissan Vanette C22 (Nov 98) Good Condition, First Hand. RM41,000.00 (Neg). C. adv. 1. Direct from the maker, producer, or original vendor; = sense A. 1a. ΚΠ 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxiv. 248 Asking Phil Squod..what it [the rifle] might be worth, first-hand. 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) II. 6/1 All these many objects of street-commerce may be classified in one well-known word: they are bought and sold first-hand. 1991 J. Adan Children in our Lives v. 182 Clothing purchased firsthand for her at a department store. 2003 N. Gregson & L. Crewe Second-hand Cultures 7 Unlike clothing purchased first hand, most second-hand clothing has actually been worn. 2. From the first source or origin, directly, without intermediate agency; = sense A. 1b. ΚΠ 1910 C. W. Hobley Ethnol. of A-Kamba Pref. p. vi The information was obtained first-hand from members of the tribe. 1919 Motor Boating Sept. 72/2 It was my purpose at the time to ascertain, firsthand, why yachtsmen who gave, leased or loaned pleasure craft to the Government hesitate to take them back again. 1977 A. P. Thornton Imperialism in Twentieth Cent. i. 23 Uneducated Iranian peasants, if asked, would bring in another verdict on feudalism experienced first-hand. 2011 Vanity Fair Mar. 312/2 Connolly knew firsthand what it was like to bask in a star's reflected glory. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.adv.1439
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