firedraken.

Brit.

/ˈfʌɪədreɪk/, U.S.

/ˈfaɪ(ə)rˌdreɪk/

Forms: see fire n. and int. and drake n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: fire n., drake n.¹

Etymology: < fire n. + drake n.¹ Compare Middle Low German vǖrdrāke . Compare later fire dragon n. at fire n. and int. Compounds 2a and fiery drake at fiery adj. 1b.

1. A dragon. archaic in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > dragon

drakea1000

firedrakeOE

wormOE

adderOE

dragona1225

fire dragonc1475

fiendc1540

fenne1567

pen-dragon1601

water dragon1689

OE Beowulf (2008) 2689 Þa wæs..frecne fyrdraca fæhða gemyndig.

c1300 St. James Great (Laud) l. 175 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 39 (MED) A fuyr Drake þar-opon aȝein heom cominde huy seiȝe.

a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 978 That he wolde than make The devyls to quake Lyke a fyerdrake.

1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 127 The rustling of the fire-Drake.

1683 J. Crowne City Politiques ii. 15 Were not your Writings like so many Fire-drakes?..no person [would] come near 'em.

1705 J. S. City & Country Recreation ii. ix. 170 We are about to bring a Fire-drake upon the Stage.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xiii. 258 Expecting the enchanter to enter on a fire drake.

1883 Longman's Mag. Sept. 517 Woodcuts, representing..fire-drakes, and other fearful wild-fowl.

1914 Cent. Mag. Dec. 312/1 The hippocentaur or sagittary, The salamander that Pliny knew;..The firedrake, and the remora, too.

1972 T. Hughes in Poetry 121 13 Tom-catting over walls and tiles, His bared weapon blazed As if a firedrake through the dark Dragged him by the waist.

2005 C. Dart-Thornton Well of Tears (2006) vii. 190 Between each paragraph ran an illustrated motif shaped like two long, slender firedrakes.

†2. With reference to astronomical and atmospheric phenomena.

a. A comet or a large meteor, esp. viewed as an omen or portent. Cf. drake n.¹ 2. Obsolete.With quot. OE cf. firen adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [noun]

drakec1275

dragon1398

falling stara1475

starn-shot1513

dancing-goats1563

firedrake1563

meteor1594

shooting star1597

goat1614

shooter1633

shot star1633

phasm1656

snow-fire1771

meteorite1823

asteroid1830

cometoid1861

exhalation1871

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 793 Her wæron reðe forebecna cumene ofer Norðhymbra land, & þæt folc earmlic bregdon, þæt wæron ormete þodenas & ligrescas, & fyrenne dracan wæron gesewene on þam lifte fleogende.]

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 323 Men fulofte sen be nyhte The fyr in sondri forme alyhte. Somtime the fyrdrake it semeth, And so the lewed poeple it demeth; Somtime it semeth as it were A Sterre, which that glydeth there.

a1475 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1957) 58 65 (MED) Sumtyme it fallethe þat þe vapour so fallyng be verey long and viscouse..so þat in hys fallyng..apperithe þat it crokeþe unto þe simylitude of a serpentes tayle. And þat ys comynly seyde þe brennyng dragon or fyer-drake [L. dracones volantes..qui ignem vomerent].

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 10 Flying Dragons, or as Englyshmen call them fire drakes, be caused on this maner.

1683 Granadiers Loyal Health (single sheet) Hand your Granadoes, let 'um flye, Like Thunder flashes from the Sky; Like Fire-drakes or some Blazing-Star, Which are true Signets of sweet War.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. x. 210/1 The Fire Drake, is a kind of Fiery Meteor, or Comet in the Air, in form of a Dragon, or two legged Serpent.

1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 127 He deals in signs, portents, fire-drakes..armies fighting in clouds.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 207 A star, a daystar, a firedrake, rose at his birth. It shone by day in the heavens alone.

b. A light seen hovering or floating at night, esp. over marshy ground, that appears to move away when approached; a will-o'-the-wisp. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp

fox-fire1483

foolish fire1563

ignis fatuus1563

fool's fire1583

Kit with the canstick or candlestick1584

going fire1596

will-o'-the-wisp1596

meteor1597

firedrake1607

wisp1618

ambulones1621

Dick-a-Tuesday1636

friar's lantern1645

gillian burnt-tail1654

Jill-burnt-tail1654

Jack-o'-lantern1658

fatuous fire1661

wildfire1663

wandering fire or light1667

Jack-a-Lent1680

fairy light1722

spunkie1727

Jill-o'-the-wisp1750

fen-fire1814

fatuus1820

marsh-light1823

feu follet1832

wisp-lighta1847

hob-lantern1847

ghost light1849

elf-fire1855

Peggy-with-her-lantern1855

fatuous light1857–8

marsh-fire1865

swamp fire1903

Min-Min1950

1607 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforst Mariage sig. K3 Who should be lamps to comfort out our way, And not like Firedrakes to lead men astray.

1631 G. Chapman Warres Pompey & Caesar iii. sig. E4^v So haue I seene a fire drake glide at midnight Before a dying man to point his graue.

1777 J. Messinck & C. A. Delpini Airs, Duets in Norwood Gypsies 9 The Fairy beam upon you,..'Till the Fire Drake hath o'ergone you.

†3. slang. With reference to a person.

a. A person whose work involves fire, as a fireman, furnace keeper, or alchemist's assistant. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist > alchemist's assistant

firedrake1601

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun] > fire-fighting > fireman

firedrake1601

waterman1615

fireman1668

fire quencher1690

Phoenix-man1699

watering-man1791

pompier1815

firefighter1839

sapper-pumper1841

firie1982

Phoenix waterman-fireman1992

1601 P. Henslowe Diary 1 Sept. (1961) 181 A sewte for a fyer drack in the 3 pt of thome strowde.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. C4^v That's his Fire-drake, His Lungs, his Zephyrus, he that puffes his coales.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Fire-drakes, Men with a Phenix for their Badge, in Livery, and Pay from the Insurance-Office, to extinguish Fires.

1700 T. D'Urfey Famous Hist. Rise & Fall Massaniello i. i. i. 4 And what says my Vulcan, my Fire-drake here, how many Anvils want their Hammers to day, ha?

b. A person who is fond of fighting. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] > one who fights > one fond of fighting

cockera1275

fighter1413

fighting cock1546

firedrake1613

fire-eater1792

frampler1820

1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. E^v Sure the diuell, God blesse vs, is in this Springald, why George, didst euer see such a fire-drake.

c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 159 O^r shipps carryed such fire drakes in them.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 146 It is not strange that such fire-drakes as he writes of could not forbear to threaten the nation.

1778 U. A. Booth Little French Lawyer ii. 25 What can be done to quell this fire-drake?

c. A person who has a red nose. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [noun] > face or nose

pippin face1598

malmsey-nose1600

firedrake1623

strawberry1949

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun] > types of nose > person having

camois1485

swine snout1592

flat-nose16..

muzzle chops1611

firedrake1623

sneap-nosea1644

long-nose1691

knobnose1839

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 42 Twenty of the Dog-dayes now reigne in 's Nose..that Fire-Drake did I hit three times on the head.

d. A woman infected with a venereal disease. Cf. fireship n. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?1710 Brit. Apollo: Quarterly Paper 2 No. 3. 7/2 A Fire-drake of Spain [might]..put you in the same Plight.

†4. A kind of firework. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > types of

fire sword1482

firedrake1608

fiend1634

fire club1634

fire lance1634

fire-target1634

saucisson1634

fire-trunk1639

runner1647

fire pole1708

fire fountain1729

fire-flyer1740

line-rocket1740

devil1742

fire tree1749

Grecian fire1774

jet1774

fire pan1799

metamorphose1818

Saxon1839

lightning paper1866

asteroid1875

brilliant1875

pearl1884

1608 T. Middleton Your Fiue Gallants sig. E2^v But like fire drakes, Mounted a little, gaue a cracke, and fell.

1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 80 How to make fire Drakes.

1714 T. Lucas Mem. Most Famous Gamesters & Sharpers 253 He fled,..Whilst Newey persu'd with another Fire-drake at his Tail.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	firedrake
释义	firedraken. Brit. /ˈfʌɪədreɪk/, U.S. /ˈfaɪ(ə)rˌdreɪk/ Forms: see fire n. and int. and drake n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: fire n., drake n.¹ Etymology: < fire n. + drake n.¹ Compare Middle Low German vǖrdrāke . Compare later fire dragon n. at fire n. and int. Compounds 2a and fiery drake at fiery adj. 1b. 1. A dragon. archaic in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > dragon drakea1000 firedrakeOE wormOE adderOE dragona1225 fire dragonc1475 fiendc1540 fenne1567 pen-dragon1601 water dragon1689 OE Beowulf (2008) 2689 Þa wæs..frecne fyrdraca fæhða gemyndig. c1300 St. James Great (Laud) l. 175 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 39 (MED) A fuyr Drake þar-opon aȝein heom cominde huy seiȝe. a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 978 That he wolde than make The devyls to quake Lyke a fyerdrake. 1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 127 The rustling of the fire-Drake. 1683 J. Crowne City Politiques ii. 15 Were not your Writings like so many Fire-drakes?..no person [would] come near 'em. 1705 J. S. City & Country Recreation ii. ix. 170 We are about to bring a Fire-drake upon the Stage. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xiii. 258 Expecting the enchanter to enter on a fire drake. 1883 Longman's Mag. Sept. 517 Woodcuts, representing..fire-drakes, and other fearful wild-fowl. 1914 Cent. Mag. Dec. 312/1 The hippocentaur or sagittary, The salamander that Pliny knew;..The firedrake, and the remora, too. 1972 T. Hughes in Poetry 121 13 Tom-catting over walls and tiles, His bared weapon blazed As if a firedrake through the dark Dragged him by the waist. 2005 C. Dart-Thornton Well of Tears (2006) vii. 190 Between each paragraph ran an illustrated motif shaped like two long, slender firedrakes. †2. With reference to astronomical and atmospheric phenomena. a. A comet or a large meteor, esp. viewed as an omen or portent. Cf. drake n.¹ 2. Obsolete.With quot. OE cf. firen adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [noun] drakec1275 dragon1398 falling stara1475 starn-shot1513 dancing-goats1563 firedrake1563 meteor1594 shooting star1597 goat1614 shooter1633 shot star1633 phasm1656 snow-fire1771 meteorite1823 asteroid1830 cometoid1861 exhalation1871 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 793 Her wæron reðe forebecna cumene ofer Norðhymbra land, & þæt folc earmlic bregdon, þæt wæron ormete þodenas & ligrescas, & fyrenne dracan wæron gesewene on þam lifte fleogende.] a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 323 Men fulofte sen be nyhte The fyr in sondri forme alyhte. Somtime the fyrdrake it semeth, And so the lewed poeple it demeth; Somtime it semeth as it were A Sterre, which that glydeth there. a1475 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1957) 58 65 (MED) Sumtyme it fallethe þat þe vapour so fallyng be verey long and viscouse..so þat in hys fallyng..apperithe þat it crokeþe unto þe simylitude of a serpentes tayle. And þat ys comynly seyde þe brennyng dragon or fyer-drake [L. dracones volantes..qui ignem vomerent]. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 10 Flying Dragons, or as Englyshmen call them fire drakes, be caused on this maner. 1683 Granadiers Loyal Health (single sheet) Hand your Granadoes, let 'um flye, Like Thunder flashes from the Sky; Like Fire-drakes or some Blazing-Star, Which are true Signets of sweet War. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. x. 210/1 The Fire Drake, is a kind of Fiery Meteor, or Comet in the Air, in form of a Dragon, or two legged Serpent. 1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 127 He deals in signs, portents, fire-drakes..armies fighting in clouds. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 207 A star, a daystar, a firedrake, rose at his birth. It shone by day in the heavens alone. b. A light seen hovering or floating at night, esp. over marshy ground, that appears to move away when approached; a will-o'-the-wisp. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp fox-fire1483 foolish fire1563 ignis fatuus1563 fool's fire1583 Kit with the canstick or candlestick1584 going fire1596 will-o'-the-wisp1596 meteor1597 firedrake1607 wisp1618 ambulones1621 Dick-a-Tuesday1636 friar's lantern1645 gillian burnt-tail1654 Jill-burnt-tail1654 Jack-o'-lantern1658 fatuous fire1661 wildfire1663 wandering fire or light1667 Jack-a-Lent1680 fairy light1722 spunkie1727 Jill-o'-the-wisp1750 fen-fire1814 fatuus1820 marsh-light1823 feu follet1832 wisp-lighta1847 hob-lantern1847 ghost light1849 elf-fire1855 Peggy-with-her-lantern1855 fatuous light1857–8 marsh-fire1865 swamp fire1903 Min-Min1950 1607 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforst Mariage sig. K3 Who should be lamps to comfort out our way, And not like Firedrakes to lead men astray. 1631 G. Chapman Warres Pompey & Caesar iii. sig. E4^v So haue I seene a fire drake glide at midnight Before a dying man to point his graue. 1777 J. Messinck & C. A. Delpini Airs, Duets in Norwood Gypsies 9 The Fairy beam upon you,..'Till the Fire Drake hath o'ergone you. †3. slang. With reference to a person. a. A person whose work involves fire, as a fireman, furnace keeper, or alchemist's assistant. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist > alchemist's assistant firedrake1601 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun] > fire-fighting > fireman firedrake1601 waterman1615 fireman1668 fire quencher1690 Phoenix-man1699 watering-man1791 pompier1815 firefighter1839 sapper-pumper1841 firie1982 Phoenix waterman-fireman1992 1601 P. Henslowe Diary 1 Sept. (1961) 181 A sewte for a fyer drack in the 3 pt of thome strowde. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. C4^v That's his Fire-drake, His Lungs, his Zephyrus, he that puffes his coales. View more context for this quotation 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Fire-drakes, Men with a Phenix for their Badge, in Livery, and Pay from the Insurance-Office, to extinguish Fires. 1700 T. D'Urfey Famous Hist. Rise & Fall Massaniello i. i. i. 4 And what says my Vulcan, my Fire-drake here, how many Anvils want their Hammers to day, ha? b. A person who is fond of fighting. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] > one who fights > one fond of fighting cockera1275 fighter1413 fighting cock1546 firedrake1613 fire-eater1792 frampler1820 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. E^v Sure the diuell, God blesse vs, is in this Springald, why George, didst euer see such a fire-drake. c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 159 O^r shipps carryed such fire drakes in them. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 146 It is not strange that such fire-drakes as he writes of could not forbear to threaten the nation. 1778 U. A. Booth Little French Lawyer ii. 25 What can be done to quell this fire-drake? c. A person who has a red nose. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [noun] > face or nose pippin face1598 malmsey-nose1600 firedrake1623 strawberry1949 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun] > types of nose > person having camois1485 swine snout1592 flat-nose16.. muzzle chops1611 firedrake1623 sneap-nosea1644 long-nose1691 knobnose1839 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 42 Twenty of the Dog-dayes now reigne in 's Nose..that Fire-Drake did I hit three times on the head. View more context for this quotation d. A woman infected with a venereal disease. Cf. fireship n. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?1710 Brit. Apollo: Quarterly Paper 2 No. 3. 7/2 A Fire-drake of Spain [might]..put you in the same Plight. †4. A kind of firework. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > types of fire sword1482 firedrake1608 fiend1634 fire club1634 fire lance1634 fire-target1634 saucisson1634 fire-trunk1639 runner1647 fire pole1708 fire fountain1729 fire-flyer1740 line-rocket1740 devil1742 fire tree1749 Grecian fire1774 jet1774 fire pan1799 metamorphose1818 Saxon1839 lightning paper1866 asteroid1875 brilliant1875 pearl1884 1608 T. Middleton Your Fiue Gallants sig. E2^v But like fire drakes, Mounted a little, gaue a cracke, and fell. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 80 How to make fire Drakes. 1714 T. Lucas Mem. Most Famous Gamesters & Sharpers 253 He fled,..Whilst Newey persu'd with another Fire-drake at his Tail. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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