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单词 fiscal
释义

fiscaladj.n.

Brit. /ˈfɪskl/, U.S. /ˈfɪsk(ə)l/
Forms: Also 1500s fyscall, 1500s–1600s fiscall, (1600s phiscall).
Etymology: < French fiscal, Spanish fiscal, Italian fiscale, < late Latin fiscālis , < fiscus fisc n.
A. adj.
1.
a. Of or pertaining to the fisc or treasury of a state or prince; pertaining to the public revenue.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [adjective] > funds of sovereign or state
fiscal1570
bursal1837
Federal Reserve1913
hip pocket1946
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 456/2 Which excludeth all ryght both fiscall and ecclesiasticall.
a1618 W. Raleigh Cabinet-council (1658) xix. 50 It behoveth the Prince to have a vigilant eye on..such fiscal Ministers.
1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 49 That he should send a Trumpet for the Fiscal Proctor.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 281 We proceed now to examine the king's fiscal prerogatives, or such as regard his revenue.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xvi. 124 Louis de St. Angel, a fiscal officer of the crown.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iv. iii. 549 The last remnant of protection has been banished from our fiscal system.
b. fiscal lands (transl. of Latin terræ fiscales): in Frankish history, lands belonging to the king. (In some modern dictionaries.)
c. fiscal agent n. ‘a bank or trust company acting as the financial representative of a corporation or service organization’ (Webster 1961); also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money-dealer > capitalist or financier > specific
negotiator1682
operator1828
fiscal agent1841
local1969
1841 F. Wood in App. Congress. Globe (27th Congr., 1st Sess.) 279/3 For forty years this Government has tried a National Bank as its fiscal agent.
1856 Househ. Words 1 Mar. 153/1 There are..several buffets in Paris where you can be supplied with the cool and cunning drink known..as a Fiscal Agent.
1877 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 357 The various compounds or mixtures of spirituous liquors and wines served in the United States... Fiscal Agent.
1931 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 5 Sept. 534/2 Inquiries concerning the heavy fall in the securities of this group have led to the publication of a statement by the British fiscal agents.
2. Of or pertaining to financial matters in general. fiscal year n. a financial year: see financial adj. 1 (Chiefly U.S.)
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > [adjective]
financial1734
financical1776
economical1795
fiscal1865
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [adjective] > relating to money matters
financial1734
financical1776
fiscal1865
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > period of accounting
financial year1789
biennium1850
fiscal year1865
fiscal1952
1865 H. Phillips Amer. Paper Currency II. 44 The estimates for the fiscal year were only calculated to the tenth of June.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 99 The above figures represent the condition of the company at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30.
1880 ‘E. Kirke’ Life J. A. Garfield 42 The work of the past fiscal year.
B. n.
1. = fisc n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > department managing public money
treasuryc1383
exchequera1420
chequer1425
chequer-chambera1513
fiscal1590
fisc1599
fiscus1650
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > of a sovereign or state
exchequer1565
fiscal1590
fisc1599
finances1656
the public purse1659
public finance1676
Consolidated Fund1753
federal fund1836
money supply1871
treasury-chest1877
Federal Reserve1913
Fed1942
monetary aggregate1946
1590 W. Lambarde Office of Alienations in F. Bacon Wks. (1740) III. 549 War..as it is entertained by diet, so can it not be long maintained by the ordinary fiscal and receipt.
2. As the title of an official, in various connections.
a. A minister or official of the treasury; a treasurer. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > one who manages public money > specific officials
chamberlain1415
teller1434
under-treasurer1447
treasurer of the king's warsc1450
vice-treasurer1541
chequer-man?1577
Clerk of the Pellsa1603
treasurer at wars1617
fiscal1652
quaestor1673
underteller1694
First Lord of the Treasury1698
Paymaster General1698
melter1758
treasurer1790
First Lord1855
apposer-
1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 50 The Captain propos'd to the Fiscal, That..a Tax should be impos'd upon all the Nobles.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 60 To those onely his Fiscal or Treasurer yearly giving out above forty millions of Crowns.
1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 26 Inferiour Officers, such as are Fiscalls and Treasurers.
b. In Italy, Spain, Spanish colonies, etc., the title given to legal officials of various ranks, having the function of public prosecutors; under the Holy Roman Empire, the highest law officer of the crown.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor
quaestora1387
promoter1485
fiscal1539
actor1598
fisc1732
public prosecutor1750
district attorney1856
Director of Public Prosecutions1879
procurator1917
D.A.1934
D.P.P.1942
1539 T. Pery in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 147 Myne acwzacyon presentyde by the fyscall.
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 67 That suite, which in Spaine is prosecuted by the Kings Atturney, or Fiscall.
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 15/1 The King of Prussia was condemned for contumacy and the Fiscal had orders to notify to him that he was put under the ban of the Empire.
1779 H. Swinburne Trav. Spain xlii. 379 Don Pedro Rodriguez Campomanés, fiscal of the council of Castille.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 199 The emperor caused the plenipotentiaries of the city to be cited before the fiscal of the empire.
1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 181 Exactly so have I..Your Fiscal, made me cognizant of facts.
c. In Holland and Dutch colonies: A magistrate whose duty it is to take cognizance of offences against the revenue.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in European countries > specifically in revenue cases
fiscal1653
1653 E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 18 The children's late insurrection in this town for having their trumpet taken from them by the Fiscal.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 114 I never saw him more; without doubt he run away for fear the Fiscael should call him to an account for the death of my Companion.
1790 Coll. Voy. round World IV. i. 1241 They waited on the governor, the lieutenant-governor or the fiscal.
1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 21 514 Peter Paulus, a man of forty years of age, originally Fiscal of the Admiralty.
1842 J. W. Orderson Creoleana viii. 83 The Fiscal..consigned him to the penal gang.
d. Scottish. Short for procurator-fiscal n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor > in Scotland
procurator1402
Lord Advocate1496
procurator-fiscal1564
fiscal1681
public prosecutor1750
1681 in London Gaz. No. 1649/2 All Sheriffs..Officers of the Mint, Commissars and..their Clerks and Fiscals.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 135 ‘Is it only you?’..answered the fiscal.
1885 C. Gibbon Hard Knot I. xvii. 237 The eyes of the Sheriff and the Fiscal were turned to Sarah.
3. South African. In full †fiscal-bird, fiscal shrike. A shrike ( Lanius collaris). Cf. butcherbird n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Laniidae (shrike) > genus Lanius > lanius collaris (fiscal)
fiscal1793
1793 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg Trav. I. 293 Fiscal and Canary-byter were the appellations given to a black and white bird (Lanius collaris) which was common in the town.
1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. i. 29 Turtle doves, a thrush called the Sprew, and the fiscal bird, the Lanius Collaris, frequent the gardens near the town.
1822 J. Latham Gen. Hist. Birds II. 23 The Canary-Biter, or Fiscal-bird..the tail feathers in the cinereous species are twice as broad as in the Fiscal.
1884 R. B. Sharpe Layard's Birds S. Afr. 374 Fiskal Shrike.
1980 J. Oliver Beginner's Guide Birds 84 The Fiscal is black and white with a long tail and a white V on its back.

Draft additions 1993

Compounds
fiscal drag n. the deflationary effect upon economic growth caused by the tendency of tax revenue to increase faster than the inflation rate when tax allowances remain fixed.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects
overheating1609
consumption1662
supply1744
production1767
demand1776
effective demand1819
employment rate1833
equilibrium1871
opportunity cost1894
bankers' ramp1931
multiplier1936
multiplier effect1937
market forces1942
cost push1952
externality1957
fiscal drag1964
demand-side1975
1964 N.Y. Times 23 June 21/1 Walter W. Heller, the council chief, foresaw a future need to ward off ‘fiscal drag’—meaning a large budget surplus—to keep the expansion of the economy going.
1985 Austral. Business 4 Sept. 14/1 The government's modest increase in projected outlays will be more than offset by fiscal drag.

Draft additions 1993

fiscal engineering n. North American the management of large amounts of money so as to take maximum advantage of tax exemptions, credit arrangements, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions
protection1719
co-operation1817
tariff-reform1859
monetary union1866
border protection1875
rationalization1875
tariffication1892
tariffade1904
inflationism1919
NEP1923
war communism1928
voodoo economics1930
substantivism1931
sterilization1938
deficit spending1941
deficit financing1943
tax-and-spend1956
indexation1960
stop-go1964
incomes policy1965
scala mobile1965
quantitative easing1966
jawboning1969
Nixonomics1969
developmentalism1970
degrowth1971
inflation-proofing1973
NEB1973
dollarization1982
fiscal engineering1982
Rogernomics1985
1982 Maclean's 27 Sept. 40/3 The famous ‘fiscal engineering’, which has allowed Dome to flourish without paying out any significant dividends or taxes, will almost certainly save the energy empire one more time.
fiscal engineer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions > supporters of
tariffite1830
inflationist1876
tariffist1901
tariff-reformer1903
tariff-monger1904
deflationist1921
Nepman1922
redistributionist1939
growth-man1961
substantivist1967
fiscal engineer1977
supply-sider1980
1977 Washington Post 3 Dec. b10/2 He first went to Brazil in 1929 as a fiscal engineer for a subsidiary of the Electric Bond and Share Co. of New York.
1985 Washington Post 29 Mar. c3/1 The fees and commissions may be only a small percentage of the total handled but still add up to huge rewards for these fiscal engineers.

Draft additions 1993

Philately. A revenue stamp; postal fiscal, one authorized for use as a postage stamp.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > postal services > payment for postage > [noun] > postage stamp > types of
black1863
penny black1863
local1865
error1866
toadskin1867
fiscal1869
imperforate1874
tête-bêche1874
halfpenny1881
provisional1885
British colonial1902
precancel1903
definitive1929
airmail1930
pictorial1934
perfin1945
1869 Philatelist 1 June 65/1 Emission of newspaper fiscals described in the January number.
1912 Gloss. Philatelic Terms (Philatelic Congr. Gt. Brit.) 19 Postal fiscals, stamps that were originally issued as fiscals and afterwards permitted, provisionally or permanently, to be employed as postage stamps.
1940 A. F. Harlow Paper Chase xiv. 288 Our stamped paper of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, our first fiscals.
1962 D. M. Patrick Internat. Guide Stamps & Stamp Collecting i. 14 When revenue stamps have been authorized for postage, they are called postal fiscals.
1984 J. Novacek Guide Stamp Collecting 74 Fiscals..were issued for the payment of non-postal services like sealing letters, filling in forms or legibly addressing envelopes.

Draft additions 1993

= fiscal year n. at sense A. 2 above (with following numeral indicating the year in which the fiscal period ends). Originally and chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > period of accounting
financial year1789
biennium1850
fiscal year1865
fiscal1952
1952 Economist 26 Jan. 211/1 The fiscal year 1952–53..begins next July (and..is known in American official parlance simply as fiscal 1953).
1966 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 5 Dec. 23/1 NASA planners now envision a budget request in Fiscal 1968 of about $10 million, with perhaps $15 million in Fiscal 1969.
1976 N.Z. Financial Times 10 Dec. 63/1 For fiscal 1977, Jimmy Carter is locked into an economic scenario.
1982 Times 2 Sept. 4/4 In fiscal 1981 the Navy paid $24.1m each for the F14.
1989 New Scientist 14 Jan. 28/1 The budget for fiscal 1990, starting next October, would exceed $1.15 trillion.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1539
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