单词 | fiscal |
释义 | fiscaladj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Of or pertaining to the fisc or treasury of a state or prince; pertaining to the public revenue. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [adjective] > funds of sovereign or state fiscal1570 bursal1837 Federal Reserve1913 hip pocket1946 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 456/2 Which excludeth all ryght both fiscall and ecclesiasticall. a1618 W. Raleigh Cabinet-council (1658) xix. 50 It behoveth the Prince to have a vigilant eye on..such fiscal Ministers. 1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 49 That he should send a Trumpet for the Fiscal Proctor. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 281 We proceed now to examine the king's fiscal prerogatives, or such as regard his revenue. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xvi. 124 Louis de St. Angel, a fiscal officer of the crown. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iv. iii. 549 The last remnant of protection has been banished from our fiscal system. b. fiscal lands (transl. of Latin terræ fiscales): in Frankish history, lands belonging to the king. (In some modern dictionaries.) c. fiscal agent n. ‘a bank or trust company acting as the financial representative of a corporation or service organization’ (Webster 1961); also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money-dealer > capitalist or financier > specific negotiator1682 operator1828 fiscal agent1841 local1969 1841 F. Wood in App. Congress. Globe (27th Congr., 1st Sess.) 279/3 For forty years this Government has tried a National Bank as its fiscal agent. 1856 Househ. Words 1 Mar. 153/1 There are..several buffets in Paris where you can be supplied with the cool and cunning drink known..as a Fiscal Agent. 1877 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 357 The various compounds or mixtures of spirituous liquors and wines served in the United States... Fiscal Agent. 1931 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 5 Sept. 534/2 Inquiries concerning the heavy fall in the securities of this group have led to the publication of a statement by the British fiscal agents. 2. Of or pertaining to financial matters in general. fiscal year n. a financial year: see financial adj. 1 (Chiefly U.S.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > [adjective] financial1734 financical1776 economical1795 fiscal1865 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [adjective] > relating to money matters financial1734 financical1776 fiscal1865 society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > period of accounting financial year1789 biennium1850 fiscal year1865 fiscal1952 1865 H. Phillips Amer. Paper Currency II. 44 The estimates for the fiscal year were only calculated to the tenth of June. 1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 99 The above figures represent the condition of the company at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30. 1880 ‘E. Kirke’ Life J. A. Garfield 42 The work of the past fiscal year. B. n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > department managing public money treasuryc1383 exchequera1420 chequer1425 chequer-chambera1513 fiscal1590 fisc1599 fiscus1650 society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > of a sovereign or state exchequer1565 fiscal1590 fisc1599 finances1656 the public purse1659 public finance1676 Consolidated Fund1753 federal fund1836 money supply1871 treasury-chest1877 Federal Reserve1913 Fed1942 monetary aggregate1946 1590 W. Lambarde Office of Alienations in F. Bacon Wks. (1740) III. 549 War..as it is entertained by diet, so can it not be long maintained by the ordinary fiscal and receipt. 2. As the title of an official, in various connections. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > one who manages public money > specific officials chamberlain1415 teller1434 under-treasurer1447 treasurer of the king's warsc1450 vice-treasurer1541 chequer-man?1577 Clerk of the Pellsa1603 treasurer at wars1617 fiscal1652 quaestor1673 underteller1694 First Lord of the Treasury1698 Paymaster General1698 melter1758 treasurer1790 First Lord1855 apposer- 1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 50 The Captain propos'd to the Fiscal, That..a Tax should be impos'd upon all the Nobles. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 60 To those onely his Fiscal or Treasurer yearly giving out above forty millions of Crowns. 1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 26 Inferiour Officers, such as are Fiscalls and Treasurers. b. In Italy, Spain, Spanish colonies, etc., the title given to legal officials of various ranks, having the function of public prosecutors; under the Holy Roman Empire, the highest law officer of the crown. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor quaestora1387 promoter1485 fiscal1539 actor1598 fisc1732 public prosecutor1750 district attorney1856 Director of Public Prosecutions1879 procurator1917 D.A.1934 D.P.P.1942 1539 T. Pery in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 147 Myne acwzacyon presentyde by the fyscall. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 67 That suite, which in Spaine is prosecuted by the Kings Atturney, or Fiscall. 1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 15/1 The King of Prussia was condemned for contumacy and the Fiscal had orders to notify to him that he was put under the ban of the Empire. 1779 H. Swinburne Trav. Spain xlii. 379 Don Pedro Rodriguez Campomanés, fiscal of the council of Castille. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 199 The emperor caused the plenipotentiaries of the city to be cited before the fiscal of the empire. 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 181 Exactly so have I..Your Fiscal, made me cognizant of facts. c. In Holland and Dutch colonies: A magistrate whose duty it is to take cognizance of offences against the revenue. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in European countries > specifically in revenue cases fiscal1653 1653 E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 18 The children's late insurrection in this town for having their trumpet taken from them by the Fiscal. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 114 I never saw him more; without doubt he run away for fear the Fiscael should call him to an account for the death of my Companion. 1790 Coll. Voy. round World IV. i. 1241 They waited on the governor, the lieutenant-governor or the fiscal. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 21 514 Peter Paulus, a man of forty years of age, originally Fiscal of the Admiralty. 1842 J. W. Orderson Creoleana viii. 83 The Fiscal..consigned him to the penal gang. d. Scottish. Short for procurator-fiscal n. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor > in Scotland procurator1402 Lord Advocate1496 procurator-fiscal1564 fiscal1681 public prosecutor1750 1681 in London Gaz. No. 1649/2 All Sheriffs..Officers of the Mint, Commissars and..their Clerks and Fiscals. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 135 ‘Is it only you?’..answered the fiscal. 1885 C. Gibbon Hard Knot I. xvii. 237 The eyes of the Sheriff and the Fiscal were turned to Sarah. 3. South African. In full †fiscal-bird, fiscal shrike. A shrike ( Lanius collaris). Cf. butcherbird n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Laniidae (shrike) > genus Lanius > lanius collaris (fiscal) fiscal1793 1793 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg Trav. I. 293 Fiscal and Canary-byter were the appellations given to a black and white bird (Lanius collaris) which was common in the town. 1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. i. 29 Turtle doves, a thrush called the Sprew, and the fiscal bird, the Lanius Collaris, frequent the gardens near the town. 1822 J. Latham Gen. Hist. Birds II. 23 The Canary-Biter, or Fiscal-bird..the tail feathers in the cinereous species are twice as broad as in the Fiscal. 1884 R. B. Sharpe Layard's Birds S. Afr. 374 Fiskal Shrike. 1980 J. Oliver Beginner's Guide Birds 84 The Fiscal is black and white with a long tail and a white V on its back. Draft additions 1993Compounds fiscal drag n. the deflationary effect upon economic growth caused by the tendency of tax revenue to increase faster than the inflation rate when tax allowances remain fixed. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects overheating1609 consumption1662 supply1744 production1767 demand1776 effective demand1819 employment rate1833 equilibrium1871 opportunity cost1894 bankers' ramp1931 multiplier1936 multiplier effect1937 market forces1942 cost push1952 externality1957 fiscal drag1964 demand-side1975 1964 N.Y. Times 23 June 21/1 Walter W. Heller, the council chief, foresaw a future need to ward off ‘fiscal drag’—meaning a large budget surplus—to keep the expansion of the economy going. 1985 Austral. Business 4 Sept. 14/1 The government's modest increase in projected outlays will be more than offset by fiscal drag. Draft additions 1993 fiscal engineering n. North American the management of large amounts of money so as to take maximum advantage of tax exemptions, credit arrangements, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions protection1719 co-operation1817 tariff-reform1859 monetary union1866 border protection1875 rationalization1875 tariffication1892 tariffade1904 inflationism1919 NEP1923 war communism1928 voodoo economics1930 substantivism1931 sterilization1938 deficit spending1941 deficit financing1943 tax-and-spend1956 indexation1960 stop-go1964 incomes policy1965 scala mobile1965 quantitative easing1966 jawboning1969 Nixonomics1969 developmentalism1970 degrowth1971 inflation-proofing1973 NEB1973 dollarization1982 fiscal engineering1982 Rogernomics1985 1982 Maclean's 27 Sept. 40/3 The famous ‘fiscal engineering’, which has allowed Dome to flourish without paying out any significant dividends or taxes, will almost certainly save the energy empire one more time. fiscal engineer n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions > supporters of tariffite1830 inflationist1876 tariffist1901 tariff-reformer1903 tariff-monger1904 deflationist1921 Nepman1922 redistributionist1939 growth-man1961 substantivist1967 fiscal engineer1977 supply-sider1980 1977 Washington Post 3 Dec. b10/2 He first went to Brazil in 1929 as a fiscal engineer for a subsidiary of the Electric Bond and Share Co. of New York. 1985 Washington Post 29 Mar. c3/1 The fees and commissions may be only a small percentage of the total handled but still add up to huge rewards for these fiscal engineers. Draft additions 1993 Philately. A revenue stamp; postal fiscal, one authorized for use as a postage stamp. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > postal services > payment for postage > [noun] > postage stamp > types of black1863 penny black1863 local1865 error1866 toadskin1867 fiscal1869 imperforate1874 tête-bêche1874 halfpenny1881 provisional1885 British colonial1902 precancel1903 definitive1929 airmail1930 pictorial1934 perfin1945 1869 Philatelist 1 June 65/1 Emission of newspaper fiscals described in the January number. 1912 Gloss. Philatelic Terms (Philatelic Congr. Gt. Brit.) 19 Postal fiscals, stamps that were originally issued as fiscals and afterwards permitted, provisionally or permanently, to be employed as postage stamps. 1940 A. F. Harlow Paper Chase xiv. 288 Our stamped paper of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, our first fiscals. 1962 D. M. Patrick Internat. Guide Stamps & Stamp Collecting i. 14 When revenue stamps have been authorized for postage, they are called postal fiscals. 1984 J. Novacek Guide Stamp Collecting 74 Fiscals..were issued for the payment of non-postal services like sealing letters, filling in forms or legibly addressing envelopes. Draft additions 1993 = fiscal year n. at sense A. 2 above (with following numeral indicating the year in which the fiscal period ends). Originally and chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > period of accounting financial year1789 biennium1850 fiscal year1865 fiscal1952 1952 Economist 26 Jan. 211/1 The fiscal year 1952–53..begins next July (and..is known in American official parlance simply as fiscal 1953). 1966 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 5 Dec. 23/1 NASA planners now envision a budget request in Fiscal 1968 of about $10 million, with perhaps $15 million in Fiscal 1969. 1976 N.Z. Financial Times 10 Dec. 63/1 For fiscal 1977, Jimmy Carter is locked into an economic scenario. 1982 Times 2 Sept. 4/4 In fiscal 1981 the Navy paid $24.1m each for the F14. 1989 New Scientist 14 Jan. 28/1 The budget for fiscal 1990, starting next October, would exceed $1.15 trillion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1539 |
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