androgenn.

Brit.

/ˈandrədʒ(ə)n/,

/ˈandrədʒɛn/, U.S.

/ˈændrədʒən/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: andro- comb. form, -gen comb. form.

Etymology: < andro- comb. form + -gen comb. form, after oestrogen n.

Biology.

Any of a group of naturally occurring hormones and synthetic compounds that are capable of regulating sexual development in vertebrates, particularly the initiation and maintenance of male sexual characteristics; (also) such compounds as a class.The naturally occurring androgens (including testosterone) are mainly nineteen-carbon steroids and are produced by the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary. Cf. oestrogen n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > other stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]

styptica1400

carrier1844

luciferase1888

luciferin1888

urease1892

peroxidase1899

protease1903

renin1903

phenolase1907

proteinase1907

phytase1908

lecithinase1910

uricase1910

phosphatase1912

prunase1912

phenoloxidase1913

oxytocin1927

phosphomonoesterase1932

androgen1936

phosphorylase1939

slow reacting substance1939

phospholipase1945

plasmin1945

bradykinin1949

nitroreductase1953

cytostatic1964

oncogen1967

autoinducer1968

1936 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 18 July 212/2 The Nomenclature of ‘Male Hormones’... Androgen to designate substances possessing masculinizing activity.

1940 Anat. Rec. 78 Suppl. 51 While an androgen is necessary to induce the breeding calls and postures in both sexes coition does not follow unless one bird has been made sexually subordinate by estrogens.

1962 I. Asimov Chemicals of Life (ed. 2) x. 130 The most important estrogen is a steroid called estrone, while the most important androgen is a steroid called testosterone.

1980 J. Stoltenberg in O. Davies Omni Bk. Paranormal & Mind vi. xxx. 347 All the women have enough androgen in their bodies to grow beards, but estrogen is antiandrogenic and inhibits hair growth.

2012 A. Walsh & J. D. Boden Neurobiol. Criminal Behav. (2016) x. 140 Male vulnerability to antisocial behavior is largely a function of exposure to androgens in utero that ‘sex’ the brain.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as androgen deficiency, androgen receptor, etc.

ΚΠ

1937 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 457/1 Glands other than the gonads must be considered in the story of androgen metabolism.

1968 Amer. Zoologist 8 241/1 Our experiments indicated that the receptor molecule is a protein, and this specific ‘androgen receptor’ is not present in the nuclei isolated from brain, thymus, diaphragm, and liver of adult male rats.

1999 N. Jelsing Prostate Cancer ix. 194 The progression of prostate cancer during androgen-deprivation therapy is a major clinical problem and the reasons it happens are poorly understood.

2003 S. J. Segal & L. Mastroianni Hormone Use Menopause & Male Andropause 83 Androgen deficiency is associated with an increase in sleep disorders, irritability, and other mood changes.

C2. Objective and instrumental, as androgen-activated, androgen-independent, androgen-sensitive, etc.

ΚΠ

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 15 July 142/2 There was no necessity to hypothesize or search for a histological resemblance to testicular tumours or tubular structures in androgen-producing lesions of the ovary.

1971 J. M. Bardwick Psychol. Women iii. 62 Anatomically, the surface of the clitoral glans is incredibly packed with specialized nerve endings which make this androgen-sensitive organ the most erogenous of the female erotic zones.

2000 Massage & Bodywork Apr. 120/2 Hirsutism is an increase in hair on the female body in androgen-dependent (typical male) sites.

2007 Environm. Health Perspectives 115 243/1 Most androgen-independent prostate tumors overexpress androgen receptor (AR) as well as androgen-activated gene products such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

C3.

androgen insensitivity n. failure of the body to respond normally to androgens, typically caused by a genetic mutation in the androgen receptor, resulting in a range of intersex conditions from incomplete male sexual development to a fully female appearance in an individual having XY chromosomes (testicular feminization); frequently in androgen insensitivity syndrome.

ΚΠ

1963 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 87 739/2 Among the possible explanations that might account for this discrepancy are..3. End organ failure to respond to androgens or ‘androgen insensitivity’.

1969 Obstetr. & Gynecol. 34 482/1 Androgen insensitivity syndrome, a sex-linked genetic disorder, is characterized by female external appearance, absence of female internal genitalia, cryptorchid testes as gonads, and a 46 XY karyotype.

1993 in M. Haug et al. Devel. Sex Differences & Similarities in Behav. 262 Since the cloning of the human and rat androgen receptors, it has opened the door to eludicating the molecular basis of androgen-insensitivity.

2009 Independent 21 Aug. 19/1 The condition is known as androgen insensitivity syndrome, and very often these women are unaware of it until they try to have children.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	androgen
释义	androgenn. Brit. /ˈandrədʒ(ə)n/, /ˈandrədʒɛn/, U.S. /ˈændrədʒən/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: andro- comb. form, -gen comb. form. Etymology: < andro- comb. form + -gen comb. form, after oestrogen n. Biology. Any of a group of naturally occurring hormones and synthetic compounds that are capable of regulating sexual development in vertebrates, particularly the initiation and maintenance of male sexual characteristics; (also) such compounds as a class.The naturally occurring androgens (including testosterone) are mainly nineteen-carbon steroids and are produced by the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary. Cf. oestrogen n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > other stimulators or inhibitors > [noun] styptica1400 carrier1844 luciferase1888 luciferin1888 urease1892 peroxidase1899 protease1903 renin1903 phenolase1907 proteinase1907 phytase1908 lecithinase1910 uricase1910 phosphatase1912 prunase1912 phenoloxidase1913 oxytocin1927 phosphomonoesterase1932 androgen1936 phosphorylase1939 slow reacting substance1939 phospholipase1945 plasmin1945 bradykinin1949 nitroreductase1953 cytostatic1964 oncogen1967 autoinducer1968 1936 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 18 July 212/2 The Nomenclature of ‘Male Hormones’... Androgen to designate substances possessing masculinizing activity. 1940 Anat. Rec. 78 Suppl. 51 While an androgen is necessary to induce the breeding calls and postures in both sexes coition does not follow unless one bird has been made sexually subordinate by estrogens. 1962 I. Asimov Chemicals of Life (ed. 2) x. 130 The most important estrogen is a steroid called estrone, while the most important androgen is a steroid called testosterone. 1980 J. Stoltenberg in O. Davies Omni Bk. Paranormal & Mind vi. xxx. 347 All the women have enough androgen in their bodies to grow beards, but estrogen is antiandrogenic and inhibits hair growth. 2012 A. Walsh & J. D. Boden Neurobiol. Criminal Behav. (2016) x. 140 Male vulnerability to antisocial behavior is largely a function of exposure to androgens in utero that ‘sex’ the brain. Compounds C1. General attributive, as androgen deficiency, androgen receptor, etc. ΚΠ 1937 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 457/1 Glands other than the gonads must be considered in the story of androgen metabolism. 1968 Amer. Zoologist 8 241/1 Our experiments indicated that the receptor molecule is a protein, and this specific ‘androgen receptor’ is not present in the nuclei isolated from brain, thymus, diaphragm, and liver of adult male rats. 1999 N. Jelsing Prostate Cancer ix. 194 The progression of prostate cancer during androgen-deprivation therapy is a major clinical problem and the reasons it happens are poorly understood. 2003 S. J. Segal & L. Mastroianni Hormone Use Menopause & Male Andropause 83 Androgen deficiency is associated with an increase in sleep disorders, irritability, and other mood changes. C2. Objective and instrumental, as androgen-activated, androgen-independent, androgen-sensitive, etc. ΚΠ 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 15 July 142/2 There was no necessity to hypothesize or search for a histological resemblance to testicular tumours or tubular structures in androgen-producing lesions of the ovary. 1971 J. M. Bardwick Psychol. Women iii. 62 Anatomically, the surface of the clitoral glans is incredibly packed with specialized nerve endings which make this androgen-sensitive organ the most erogenous of the female erotic zones. 2000 Massage & Bodywork Apr. 120/2 Hirsutism is an increase in hair on the female body in androgen-dependent (typical male) sites. 2007 Environm. Health Perspectives 115 243/1 Most androgen-independent prostate tumors overexpress androgen receptor (AR) as well as androgen-activated gene products such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). C3. androgen insensitivity n. failure of the body to respond normally to androgens, typically caused by a genetic mutation in the androgen receptor, resulting in a range of intersex conditions from incomplete male sexual development to a fully female appearance in an individual having XY chromosomes (testicular feminization); frequently in androgen insensitivity syndrome. ΚΠ 1963 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 87 739/2 Among the possible explanations that might account for this discrepancy are..3. End organ failure to respond to androgens or ‘androgen insensitivity’. 1969 Obstetr. & Gynecol. 34 482/1 Androgen insensitivity syndrome, a sex-linked genetic disorder, is characterized by female external appearance, absence of female internal genitalia, cryptorchid testes as gonads, and a 46 XY karyotype. 1993 in M. Haug et al. Devel. Sex Differences & Similarities in Behav. 262 Since the cloning of the human and rat androgen receptors, it has opened the door to eludicating the molecular basis of androgen-insensitivity. 2009 Independent 21 Aug. 19/1 The condition is known as androgen insensitivity syndrome, and very often these women are unaware of it until they try to have children. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1936
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