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单词 anthem
释义

anthemn.

Brit. /ˈanθəm/, U.S. /ˈænθəm/
Forms:

α. Old English æntefn (rare), Old English antefn, Old English antiphn (rare), Old English atefnas (accusative plural, transmission error), Old English untefn (transmission error), early Middle English antæfn- (inflected form), early Middle English anteafn- (inflected form), early Middle English antefn- (inflected form), early Middle English antefne, early Middle English antiefn- (inflected form), Middle English antephne; N.E.D. (1885) also records a form late Middle English anthephne.

β. Old English antephan, Old English antifen, Old English–Middle English antefen, early Middle English anteofen- (inflected form), early Middle English antgefen- (inflected form), early Middle English antiefen- (inflected form), early Middle English antiefene, early Middle English antifen- (inflected form), Middle English anthephene.

γ. early Old English ontemn, Old English antemn, Middle English antimne, 1500s antemne, 1500s–1600s anthemn, 1600s anthemne, 1600s anthymn, 1600s anthymne.

δ. Old English antempn, Middle English antympne, Middle English–1500s antempne.

ε. Old English (rare) 1500s antemp, 1500s antempe, 1500s antymp, 1500s antympe.

ζ. Old English antepn (rare).

η. Old English antifon (rare), Old English antiphon, Old English antiphonam (accusative), Old English antyfon (rare), early Middle English antiphone.

θ. Middle English antyme, Middle English antymm, Middle English–1500s anteme, Middle English–1500s antime, Middle English–1500s antym, Middle English–1600s (1700s– regional and nonstandard) antem, Middle English–1700s antheme, 1500s anthymme, 1500s antim, 1500s–1600s antheame, 1500s– anthem, 1600s antham, 1600s antheam, 1600s anthym, 1900s– ant'em (regional and nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 antame, pre-1700 antem, pre-1700 anteme, pre-1700 antemm, pre-1700 anthom.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin antefana, antifona; French anteme.
Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin antefana (6th cent.), antephona, alteration (with prefix substitution: see ante- ante- prefix) of antifona, antiphona antiphon n.; the alteration was apparently motivated by the fact that the liturgical antiphon is sung before a psalm or canticle (for much later comment reflecting the same assumption compare quot. 1530 at sense 1a). Subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman anteme, antesme, antisme, antiefne, antenie, antenne, anthiene, Anglo-Norman and Middle French antaine, anteine, Old French anthievene, antievene, antievne, Old French, Middle French antene, antevene, antienne, Middle French antiesme, antiene, anthaine (French antienne ) liturgical chant performed by two alternating choirs (late 12th cent.), verse sung before and after a psalm or canticle (end of the 12th cent.) < post-classical Latin antiphona and its variants antephona , antefana . For borrowing of a distinct form from Anglo-Norman and Old French see anteyn n. For later learned borrowing of the Latin form in French and English see antiphon n.Romance parallels. Compare Old Occitan antifena (13th cent.), Catalan antífona (13th cent.), Spanish antifona (1260), Portuguese antífona (13th cent. as †antívãa ), Italian antifona (early 14th cent.; also †antifana ). Germanic parallels. Early borrowings of the Latin noun into other Germanic languages are: Middle Dutch antiffene , anteffene , etc. (Dutch antifon ), Middle Low German antifen , antifon , antifone , antiphene , etc., Old High German antiphona (Middle High German antiffen , German (with remodelling after the Latin etymon) Antiphon ). Form history. In Old English some of the forms show the phonological and morphological integration characteristic of early borrowing, while others reflect renewed influence from forms of the post-classical Latin etymon. Some of the details are uncertain and disputed. The word is usually inflected as a strong masculine, but inflection as a strong feminine is also attested (compare the feminine gender of Latin antiphona ). The α. forms show syncope of an unstressed vowel (originally o in the penultimate syllable of the Latin antiphona ), resulting in a stem-final consonant group fn ; this could reflect either syncope within Old English or a corresponding development affecting the pronunciation of the post-classical Latin etymon in Gaul (compare later Old French antievne ). The β. forms show either retention of the unsyncopated vowel or development of an epenthetic vowel in the stem-final consonant group (perhaps originally in word-final position). Compare also Old French antievene beside antievne . In Old English antefn , the fricative, although conventionally spelt f , would usually be voiced (as a result of the voiced environment). In the early γ. forms this voiced consonant shows assimilation to the following n ; compare similar forms of raven n.1 and adj., steven n.1, etc. Later γ. forms partly reflect folk-etymological alteration after hymn n. (compare the forms antimne, anthymn, anthymne). The δ. forms show development of an epenthetic glide consonant in the cluster mn ; compare similar forms of hymn n. The ε. and ζ. forms show subsequent simplification of the resulting consonant cluster mpn (compare similar variation e.g. at hymn n., column n., autumn n.). The η. forms show either learned borrowing < post-classical Latin antifona, antiphona antiphon n., or alteration after these post-classical Latin forms (the Old English inflected form antiphonam at η. forms is after the Latin accusative singular). Compare later antiphon n. The θ. forms show assimilation and simplification of the consonant cluster mn . Spelling with medial th and spelling pronunciation. The spelling with medial th is paralleled in a small number of French forms and reflects general classicizing influence (and probably also at least in some forms folk-etymological association with hymn n.). It gave rise to the (now standard) spelling pronunciation with medial /θ/, which is relatively recent; 18th-cent. grammarians and pronouncing dictionaries still give /t/ (corresponding to the spelling anthem ), which is now regional and nonstandard. Semantic history. Later use in sense 2 with reference to Anglican and Protestant usage and use in sense 3 largely reflect semantic developments within English. With use with reference to Marian antiphons in quots. OE, c1390, c1405 at sense 2 compare the French sense ‘antiphon to the Virgin Mary, traditionally sung at the end of Compline’ (c1220).
1. Christian Church.Increasingly uncommon in these senses after the 16th cent., being largely superseded by sense 2.
a. A short piece of plainsong recited or sung before and after a psalm or canticle; = antiphon n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > antiphon
anthemOE
anteync1300
antiphonc1500
antiphony1868
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 33 Æfter þysum is ymen to singenne, þe to þære tide belimpð; æfter þæm syx sealmas mid þrim antefenum.
OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 170 Aginnan syþþan þone antiphon Uespere autem sabbati and fulsingan magnificat.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 36 Efter hire fif heste blissen..tele inþe antempnes [a1250 Nero antefnes].
?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 780 Fifti [aves] sege bi-fore, Tene euere bi score, And on anteme þerto, In tokning of þe blisse [of Mary].
?a1425 Gast of Guy (Rawl. Poet. 175) (1898) l. 1124 Þe neghen antems next folowand And thre versikles..bring ful chere To him.
?a1475 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) (1908) 13 Antym or antem, antiphona.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 94 After the Hympne cometh Antempnes and psalmes. Antem ys as moche to say as a sownynge before, for yt ys begonne before the Psalmes, yt is as moche to saye as sownynge ageynste.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1005/2 In the meane time, did the quier sing ye antheme, beginning ‘Unxerunt regem’.
1729 C. Wheatley Illustr. Bk. Common Prayer (ed. 6) vi. §10. 284 The Sentences..are in the place of the Antiphona or Anthem which we find in the old Liturgies after the Gospel, and which from their being sung whilst the People made their Oblations at the Altar were call'd the Offertory.
1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard Musical Dict. 320 The psalm or canticle ought to be sung in the same Tone with the preceeding anthem, because the psalm and the anthem are reckoned together as one song.
1820 T. Pruen Illustr. Liturgy II. ii. 49 Though the anthems, psalms, &c. are sung by the choir, and the lessons read by inferior orders of the Clergy, yet..all the prayers and collects, must be said by the Priest.
1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 13/2 The seven greater antiphons, or anthems..called the O's of Advent.
1912 C. O. Skilbeck Illustr. Liturgy App. 78 These offices end with the Third Collect, after which is an anthem, with certain prayers, which are either optional or occasional.
2007 T. Rosendale Liturgy & Lit. in Making of Protestant Eng. App. 219 Penitential Psalm 51 is recited kneeling, followed by the Kyrie, Lord's Prayer, suffrages, and two collects for forgiveness and mercy. Finally, a devotional anthem is said or sung.
b. A liturgical song consisting of verses or passages sung or chanted responsively by a choir divided into two parts, or by a cantor and a choir (cf. antiphon n. 2); the method of singing in this way (cf. antiphony n. 3a). Obsolete.Responsive singing remains a feature of some anthems (in sense 2). Some quotations here may represent contextual uses of that sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > responsory
responda1387
responsec1410
respouna1425
responsory?a1475
anthem1555
responsary?1567
responsive?1789
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 272 The Anthemes..Damasus put ordre that the quiere should sing side aftre side.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Anthemne, a Song which Church-men sing by course one after another.
1713 J. Trapp Peace 20 Heav'n approves the consecrated Lays, And Angels in replying Anthems praise.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. viii. 122 The method of singing by antiphony or anthem, that is, one part of the congregation, as the clergy, singing one verse, and the rest, or the people, singing another.
1826 S. M. Waring Sacred Melodies 79 The pillars of the vestibule vibrated at the voices of the seraphim celebrating, in their responsive anthem, the full revelation of the Triune Jehovah.
2. Music. A musical setting of a religious text (esp. a prose text selected from the Bible or the liturgy), typically sung by a choir during a church service. Now chiefly with reference to English-language songs sung in Anglican or Protestant churches; cf. motet n.In early use often with reference to antiphons in honour of the Virgin Mary (see quots. OE, c1405, c1390).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > anthem > [noun]
anthemeOE
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > anthem
anthemeOE
verse anthem1786
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xiv. 60 Is þæt sægd, þa heo ferdon & nealehton to ðære ceastre,..þæt þeosne letaniam & ontemn [L. laetaniam] gehleoðre stefne sungon: Deprecamur te, Domine.
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 296 Þam geendodum singan hi þone antemp be þære halgan rode & þæræfter ænne be sancta Marian.
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) 141 He song þat Antimne eueri-wher, I-Called Alma Redemptoris Mater.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 14455 Þe letanie þei sunge with o voice & o tunge. Þerwith þei a faire anteme Ihesu criste for to queme.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 208 And bad me for to synge This Antheme [c1405 Ellesmere Anthephen, c1415 Lansd. Antime, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 anteme, c1440 Egerton 2726 antym] verraily in my deiynge.
c1450 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1842) III. i. 201 iiij bukis with iiij messis and antemmis.
c1480 (a1400) St. Nicholas l. 693 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 501 Syngand þis anteme distinctly ay noyt to noyt til hyme sadly al out.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. xviiv/2 Antemme, a song, antiesme.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. ii. 190 For my voyce, I haue lost it with hallowing, and singing of Anthems . View more context for this quotation
1666 S. Pepys Diary 26 Feb. (1972) VII. 58 And hither comes cushions to us, and a young singing-boy to bring us a copy of the Anthemne to be sung.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 405. ¶2 Those parts of the inspired Writing, which are proper for Divine Songs and Anthems.
1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music ii. 108 The first Anthem set to English words after the Reformation..was that of Dr. Tye, beginning ‘I will exalt thee.’
1855 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 60 The sound of the sorrowing anthem roll'd Thro' the dome.
1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 70/2 Ever since the Reformation anthems have been composed by wellnigh all the eminent masters which this country has produced.
1927 Observer 29 May 9/3 From the cloisters of Magdalen College, Oxford, are to be sung..two magnificent examples of choralism, Palestrina's motet ‘Exultate Deo’ and Byrd's anthem ‘Sing Joyfully to God’.
1979 N. Temperley Music of Eng. Parish Church I. iii. 49 Before that date [sc. 1662], anthems..were not part of the liturgy.
2011 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 4 Nov. c2 The Choirs of Christ Church Cathedral, in an evening of anthems and hymns from the classical age of choral music.
3.
a. gen. A poem, a song; esp. one of praise or gladness. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > song of praise or gladness
anthemc1500
hymn1513
paean1598
Hallelujah Chorus1775
c1500 (a1475) J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Claud.) (1885) 155 Ther song shalbe suche among other antemes: I blissed be oure lord God, for that he hath sent kyng Edward the iiij to reigne vpon vs.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fijv Her heauie antheme still concludes in wo. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 239 Breath it in mine eare, As ending Antheme of my endlesse dolor. View more context for this quotation
1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xiii. cclxxx. 271/2 Forthwith, an Anthem of ecstatick praise Broke from their lips.
1735 H. Brooke Universal Beauty III. 4 The Floods..tune their Anthems o'er the warbled Ball.
1751 T. Gray Elegy x. 7 Thro' the long-drawn isle and fretted vault The pealing anthem swells the note of praise.
1820 J. Keats Ode to Nightingale in Lamia & Other Poems 112 Thy plaintive anthem fades Past the near meadows, over the still stream.
a1918 W. Owen Poems (1921) 11 (title of poem) Anthem for doomed youth.
1963 R. Angell in New Yorker 25 May 137/1 The ear-rending anthem of the Met grandstand choir—that repeated, ecstatic yawp of ‘Let's go, Mets!’
2000 M. Meade Unruly Life Woody Allen i. 21 Manhattan is Woody's anthem to the island.
b. A song officially adopted by a nation, school, or other body, and performed at ceremonies and other official occasions, typically used as an expression of identity and pride; spec. = national anthem n. N.E.D. (1885) notes that the English national anthem is ‘technically a hymn’; cf. also quot. 1866.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > national or patriotic song
Rule Britanniac1745
anthem1753
Yankee Doodle1768
Marseillaise hymn1794
national anthem1804
star-spangled banner1814
queen1898
Volkslied1898
Hatikvah1905
king1932
Horst Wessel song1937
1753 Scots Mag. Sept. 427/2 While this was-a doing, the masons anthem was played.
1832 J. Lawson Giordano ii. ii. 32 Soon for the safety of ourself and state The anthem shall arise. We owe thee much.
1866 C. Engel Introd. Study National Music i. 2 (Note to ‘National Anthem’) Anthem is musically an inappropriate title for this tune. It has, however, now been so generally adopted that it would be pedantic not to use it.
1893 A. G. Bradley in A. G. Bradley et al. Hist. Marlborough Coll. v. 60 Does not the very School anthem, too, echo the sentiment?
1932 L. Golding Magnolia St. i. viii. 130 The Jewish guests thought it would balance things nicely if they sang the Jewish anthem, Hatikvah.
1954 Life 27 Dec. 2/2 Replaced in 1944 by a patriotic song called Hymn of the Soviet Union, the Internationale is still the official anthem of the Communist party.
2004 P. V. Bohlman Music European Nationalism iv. 156 The often bitter debates about which anthem to use to represent Russia seem hardly close to resolution.
c. A rousing or uplifting popular song, esp. one associated with, or with lasting appeal for, a particular group of people. Chiefly with distinguishing word, denoting either the associated group of people or the genre of music, as football anthem, gay anthem, rock anthem, etc.
ΚΠ
1935 Times 23 Dec. 3/1 A shouting crowd..remained there for some time, singing what now seems to be accepted as the Welsh national as well as football anthem, ‘Land of My Fathers’.
1969 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. 43/2 They had more the air of theatre first-nighters..than of social activists in search of a rock anthem.
1980 Guardian 31 July 9/1 YMCA, Village People's gay anthem.
1992 S. Holloway Courage High! v. 51/2 A Hogmanay party every year when the men would gather together for yarning and to sing the popular songs of the period, which included their ‘anthem’—a ballad called ‘The Waterman Fireman’.
2001 Muzik Jan. 26/1 Their 1997 vocal breakbeat trance anthem ‘The Gift’ stormed the charts and spawned an army of pale imitations.
2012 Time Out N.Y. 8 Mar. 12/4 House of Pain's party-starting anthem ‘Jump Around’.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as anthem book, anthem collection, anthem verse, etc.
ΚΠ
1657 J. Harington Hist. Polindor & Flostella (ed. 3) ii. 67 During which latter Rites, in Anthem-fashion Those severall Nymphs conjoyn'd from either side.
1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. i. 11 Mr. Mason, in his Anthem-Book for York Cathedral, has divided vocal compositions for our church into three series.
1866 Christian Remembrancer July 225 They are not to sing an anthem with a verse or two of a psalm and Gloria Patri, repeating the anthem-verse twice or thrice as they had been used to do up to that time.
1869 London Society Jan. 56/2 What do I want with an anthem book? Are not they singing that same sweet song which I remember among my earliest recollections?
1900 Rec. Christian Work Dec. 931/1 There shall go up..the anthem chorus of Paul: Of God, and through God, and to God, are all things; to Whom be glory forever. Amen.
2001 N. E. Tawa From Psalm to Symphony iv. 84 Hubbard quickly assembled an anthem collection intended to illustrate the proper approach to composition.
C2.
anthem bell n. now historical any of various bells used in church services; esp. = sanctus bell n.; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > parts of service > Sanctus > [noun] > bell indicating
anthem bell1468
sanctus bell1479
sauncing bell1600
1468 Articles & Rules Flecchers & Bowers of Chester (Cheshire Rec. Office: ZG 7/19) And every..apprentice in the same Crafts att the ende of the Antyme bell.
1552 in J. E. Bailey Inventories Goods Churches Lancs. (1879) 43 Faure great belles one Anteme bell & ij hand belles.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Martinet,..a Saints bell, or Antham bell.
1862 D. A. Randall Handwriting of God in Egypt, Sinai, & Holy Land I. xiv. 345 Jehovah's presence thine unapproachable light, his rolling thunders the solemn anthem bell that summoned the audience!
1951 Trans. Lancs. & Cheshire Antiquarian Soc. 1949 61 69 The anthem bell, too, had been broken during the Civil War, and the wardens seem to have been anxious to replace it at once.
2008 J. Laughton Life in Late Medieval City ix. 183 In 1468 the ordinances of the city's Fletchers and Bowyers stipulated that..apprentices should stop after the Anthem bell.

Derivatives

ˈanthem-wise adv. now rare in the manner of an anthem (esp. in sense 1b); antiphonally.
ΚΠ
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus vi. viii, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 367 To singe Antemne wise such lewde songs through the midds of the citie vntill they came to the place of their assembled congregation.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 224 Seuerall Quires, placed one ouer against another, and taking the Voice by Catches Anthemewise.
1849 A. J. Stephens Bk. Common Prayer II. 457/1 The singing anthemwise was universally observed in Socrates's time.
1961 School Musician Sept. 21/1 Thus a choir singing anthem-wise or antiphonally has developed from the Greek era and is now adapted in our century to the music of present day groups in our music programs.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

anthemv.

Brit. /ˈanθəm/, U.S. /ˈænθəm/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: anthem n.
Etymology: < anthem n. Compare chant v., hymn v.
Chiefly poetic.
transitive. To celebrate or praise in an anthem, to sing in (or as) an anthem. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > anthem > sing anthems [verb (transitive)]
anthem1628
anthemize1837
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in anthem
anthem1628
anthemize1837
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xci. sig. Aa5 He that had anthem'd the purenesse of the God of Israel.
1661 A. Brome Songs & Other Poems liv. 268 His soul was anthem'd out in prayers.
1751 J. Marchant Puerilia iii. xix. 153 Shall we, most ungrateful, abuse His boundless, unfathomed Love? Or turn to preposterous Use Events that were anthem'd above?
1820 J. Keats Fancy in Lamia & Other Poems 124 Sweet birds antheming the morn.
1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. iv. ii. 193 The tips of the granite mountains..antheming their hymn of praise.
1915 R. Norwood His Lady of Sonnets 52 Sing me that song that they anthemed of old.
1997 F. A. Bailey William Edward Dodd v. 158 A contingent of Hitler Youth marched past, two thousand adolescent voices antheming victory over the despised ‘Frankreich’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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