| 释义 |
anthemn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin antefana, antifona; French anteme. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin antefana (6th cent.), antephona, alteration (with prefix substitution: see ante- ante- prefix) of antifona, antiphona antiphon n.; the alteration was apparently motivated by the fact that the liturgical antiphon is sung before a psalm or canticle (for much later comment reflecting the same assumption compare quot. 1530 at sense 1a). Subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman anteme, antesme, antisme, antiefne, antenie, antenne, anthiene, Anglo-Norman and Middle French antaine, anteine, Old French anthievene, antievene, antievne, Old French, Middle French antene, antevene, antienne, Middle French antiesme, antiene, anthaine (French antienne ) liturgical chant performed by two alternating choirs (late 12th cent.), verse sung before and after a psalm or canticle (end of the 12th cent.) < post-classical Latin antiphona and its variants antephona , antefana . For borrowing of a distinct form from Anglo-Norman and Old French see anteyn n. For later learned borrowing of the Latin form in French and English see antiphon n.Romance parallels. Compare Old Occitan antifena (13th cent.), Catalan antífona (13th cent.), Spanish antifona (1260), Portuguese antífona (13th cent. as †antívãa ), Italian antifona (early 14th cent.; also †antifana ). Germanic parallels. Early borrowings of the Latin noun into other Germanic languages are: Middle Dutch antiffene , anteffene , etc. (Dutch antifon ), Middle Low German antifen , antifon , antifone , antiphene , etc., Old High German antiphona (Middle High German antiffen , German (with remodelling after the Latin etymon) Antiphon ). Form history. In Old English some of the forms show the phonological and morphological integration characteristic of early borrowing, while others reflect renewed influence from forms of the post-classical Latin etymon. Some of the details are uncertain and disputed. The word is usually inflected as a strong masculine, but inflection as a strong feminine is also attested (compare the feminine gender of Latin antiphona ). The α. forms show syncope of an unstressed vowel (originally o in the penultimate syllable of the Latin antiphona ), resulting in a stem-final consonant group fn ; this could reflect either syncope within Old English or a corresponding development affecting the pronunciation of the post-classical Latin etymon in Gaul (compare later Old French antievne ). The β. forms show either retention of the unsyncopated vowel or development of an epenthetic vowel in the stem-final consonant group (perhaps originally in word-final position). Compare also Old French antievene beside antievne . In Old English antefn , the fricative, although conventionally spelt f , would usually be voiced (as a result of the voiced environment). In the early γ. forms this voiced consonant shows assimilation to the following n ; compare similar forms of raven n.1 and adj., steven n.1, etc. Later γ. forms partly reflect folk-etymological alteration after hymn n. (compare the forms antimne, anthymn, anthymne). The δ. forms show development of an epenthetic glide consonant in the cluster mn ; compare similar forms of hymn n. The ε. and ζ. forms show subsequent simplification of the resulting consonant cluster mpn (compare similar variation e.g. at hymn n., column n., autumn n.). The η. forms show either learned borrowing < post-classical Latin antifona, antiphona antiphon n., or alteration after these post-classical Latin forms (the Old English inflected form antiphonam at η. forms is after the Latin accusative singular). Compare later antiphon n. The θ. forms show assimilation and simplification of the consonant cluster mn . Spelling with medial th and spelling pronunciation. The spelling with medial th is paralleled in a small number of French forms and reflects general classicizing influence (and probably also at least in some forms folk-etymological association with hymn n.). It gave rise to the (now standard) spelling pronunciation with medial /θ/, which is relatively recent; 18th-cent. grammarians and pronouncing dictionaries still give /t/ (corresponding to the spelling anthem ), which is now regional and nonstandard. Semantic history. Later use in sense 2 with reference to Anglican and Protestant usage and use in sense 3 largely reflect semantic developments within English. With use with reference to Marian antiphons in quots. OE, c1390, c1405 at sense 2 compare the French sense ‘antiphon to the Virgin Mary, traditionally sung at the end of Compline’ (c1220). 1. Christian Church. Increasingly uncommon in these senses after the 16th cent., being largely superseded by sense 2.society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > antiphon OE (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 33 Æfter þysum is ymen to singenne, þe to þære tide belimpð; æfter þæm syx sealmas mid þrim antefenum. OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr (1914) 170 Aginnan syþþan þone antiphon Uespere autem sabbati and fulsingan magnificat. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 36 Efter hire fif heste blissen..tele inþe antempnes [a1250 Nero antefnes]. ?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 780 Fifti [aves] sege bi-fore, Tene euere bi score, And on anteme þerto, In tokning of þe blisse [of Mary]. ?a1425 (Rawl. Poet. 175) (1898) l. 1124 Þe neghen antems next folowand And thre versikles..bring ful chere To him. ?a1475 (Winch.) (1908) 13 Antym or antem, antiphona. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 94 After the Hympne cometh Antempnes and psalmes. Antem ys as moche to say as a sownynge before, for yt ys begonne before the Psalmes, yt is as moche to saye as sownynge ageynste. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1005/2 In the meane time, did the quier sing ye antheme, beginning ‘Unxerunt regem’. 1729 C. Wheatley (ed. 6) vi. §10. 284 The Sentences..are in the place of the Antiphona or Anthem which we find in the old Liturgies after the Gospel, and which from their being sung whilst the People made their Oblations at the Altar were call'd the Offertory. 1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard 320 The psalm or canticle ought to be sung in the same Tone with the preceeding anthem, because the psalm and the anthem are reckoned together as one song. 1820 T. Pruen II. ii. 49 Though the anthems, psalms, &c. are sung by the choir, and the lessons read by inferior orders of the Clergy, yet..all the prayers and collects, must be said by the Priest. 1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold 13/2 The seven greater antiphons, or anthems..called the O's of Advent. 1912 C. O. Skilbeck App. 78 These offices end with the Third Collect, after which is an anthem, with certain prayers, which are either optional or occasional. 2007 T. Rosendale App. 219 Penitential Psalm 51 is recited kneeling, followed by the Kyrie, Lord's Prayer, suffrages, and two collects for forgiveness and mercy. Finally, a devotional anthem is said or sung. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > responsory 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus ii. xii. 272 The Anthemes..Damasus put ordre that the quiere should sing side aftre side. 1623 H. Cockeram Anthemne, a Song which Church-men sing by course one after another. 1713 J. Trapp 20 Heav'n approves the consecrated Lays, And Angels in replying Anthems praise. 1782 J. Priestley II. viii. 122 The method of singing by antiphony or anthem, that is, one part of the congregation, as the clergy, singing one verse, and the rest, or the people, singing another. 1826 S. M. Waring 79 The pillars of the vestibule vibrated at the voices of the seraphim celebrating, in their responsive anthem, the full revelation of the Triune Jehovah. society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > anthem > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > anthem eOE tr. Bede (Tanner) i. xiv. 60 Is þæt sægd, þa heo ferdon & nealehton to ðære ceastre,..þæt þeosne letaniam & ontemn [L. laetaniam] gehleoðre stefne sungon: Deprecamur te, Domine. OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in (1886) 9 296 Þam geendodum singan hi þone antemp be þære halgan rode & þæræfter ænne be sancta Marian. c1390 in C. Horstmann (1892) 141 He song þat Antimne eueri-wher, I-Called Alma Redemptoris Mater. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 14455 Þe letanie þei sunge with o voice & o tunge. Þerwith þei a faire anteme Ihesu criste for to queme. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 208 And bad me for to synge This Antheme [c1405 Ellesmere Anthephen, c1415 Lansd. Antime, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 anteme, c1440 Egerton 2726 antym] verraily in my deiynge. c1450 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun (1842) III. i. 201 iiij bukis with iiij messis and antemmis. c1480 (a1400) St. Nicholas l. 693 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 501 Syngand þis anteme distinctly ay noyt to noyt til hyme sadly al out. 1530 J. Palsgrave iii. f. xviiv/2 Antemme, a song, antiesme. 1600 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 190 For my voyce, I haue lost it with hallowing, and singing of Anthems . View more context for this quotation 1666 S. Pepys 26 Feb. (1972) VII. 58 And hither comes cushions to us, and a young singing-boy to bring us a copy of the Anthemne to be sung. 1712 J. Addison No. 405. ¶2 Those parts of the inspired Writing, which are proper for Divine Songs and Anthems. 1795 W. Mason ii. 108 The first Anthem set to English words after the Reformation..was that of Dr. Tye, beginning ‘I will exalt thee.’ 1855 Ld. Tennyson 60 The sound of the sorrowing anthem roll'd Thro' the dome. 1879 G. Grove I. 70/2 Ever since the Reformation anthems have been composed by wellnigh all the eminent masters which this country has produced. 1927 29 May 9/3 From the cloisters of Magdalen College, Oxford, are to be sung..two magnificent examples of choralism, Palestrina's motet ‘Exultate Deo’ and Byrd's anthem ‘Sing Joyfully to God’. 1979 N. Temperley I. iii. 49 Before that date [sc. 1662], anthems..were not part of the liturgy. 2011 (Nexis) 4 Nov. c2 The Choirs of Christ Church Cathedral, in an evening of anthems and hymns from the classical age of choral music. 3. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > song of praise or gladness c1500 (a1475) J. Fortescue (Claud.) (1885) 155 Ther song shalbe suche among other antemes: I blissed be oure lord God, for that he hath sent kyng Edward the iiij to reigne vpon vs. 1593 W. Shakespeare sig. Fijv Her heauie antheme still concludes in wo. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 239 Breath it in mine eare, As ending Antheme of my endlesse dolor. View more context for this quotation 1648 J. Beaumont xiii. cclxxx. 271/2 Forthwith, an Anthem of ecstatick praise Broke from their lips. 1735 H. Brooke III. 4 The Floods..tune their Anthems o'er the warbled Ball. 1751 T. Gray x. 7 Thro' the long-drawn isle and fretted vault The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. 1820 J. Keats Ode to Nightingale in 112 Thy plaintive anthem fades Past the near meadows, over the still stream. a1918 W. Owen (1921) 11 (title of poem) Anthem for doomed youth. 1963 R. Angell in 25 May 137/1 The ear-rending anthem of the Met grandstand choir—that repeated, ecstatic yawp of ‘Let's go, Mets!’ 2000 M. Meade i. 21 Manhattan is Woody's anthem to the island. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > national or patriotic song 1753 Sept. 427/2 While this was-a doing, the masons anthem was played. 1832 J. Lawson ii. ii. 32 Soon for the safety of ourself and state The anthem shall arise. We owe thee much. 1866 C. Engel i. 2 (Note to ‘National Anthem’) Anthem is musically an inappropriate title for this tune. It has, however, now been so generally adopted that it would be pedantic not to use it. 1893 A. G. Bradley in A. G. Bradley et al. v. 60 Does not the very School anthem, too, echo the sentiment? 1932 L. Golding i. viii. 130 The Jewish guests thought it would balance things nicely if they sang the Jewish anthem, Hatikvah. 1954 27 Dec. 2/2 Replaced in 1944 by a patriotic song called Hymn of the Soviet Union, the Internationale is still the official anthem of the Communist party. 2004 P. V. Bohlman iv. 156 The often bitter debates about which anthem to use to represent Russia seem hardly close to resolution. 1935 23 Dec. 3/1 A shouting crowd..remained there for some time, singing what now seems to be accepted as the Welsh national as well as football anthem, ‘Land of My Fathers’. 1969 28 Nov. 43/2 They had more the air of theatre first-nighters..than of social activists in search of a rock anthem. 1980 31 July 9/1 YMCA, Village People's gay anthem. 1992 S. Holloway v. 51/2 A Hogmanay party every year when the men would gather together for yarning and to sing the popular songs of the period, which included their ‘anthem’—a ballad called ‘The Waterman Fireman’. 2001 Jan. 26/1 Their 1997 vocal breakbeat trance anthem ‘The Gift’ stormed the charts and spawned an army of pale imitations. 2012 8 Mar. 12/4 House of Pain's party-starting anthem ‘Jump Around’. Compounds1657 J. Harington (ed. 3) ii. 67 During which latter Rites, in Anthem-fashion Those severall Nymphs conjoyn'd from either side. 1789 C. Burney IV. i. 11 Mr. Mason, in his Anthem-Book for York Cathedral, has divided vocal compositions for our church into three series. 1866 July 225 They are not to sing an anthem with a verse or two of a psalm and Gloria Patri, repeating the anthem-verse twice or thrice as they had been used to do up to that time. 1869 Jan. 56/2 What do I want with an anthem book? Are not they singing that same sweet song which I remember among my earliest recollections? 1900 Dec. 931/1 There shall go up..the anthem chorus of Paul: Of God, and through God, and to God, are all things; to Whom be glory forever. Amen. 2001 N. E. Tawa iv. 84 Hubbard quickly assembled an anthem collection intended to illustrate the proper approach to composition. C2. society > faith > worship > parts of service > Sanctus > [noun] > bell indicating 1468 (Cheshire Rec. Office: ZG 7/19) And every..apprentice in the same Crafts att the ende of the Antyme bell. 1552 in J. E. Bailey (1879) 43 Faure great belles one Anteme bell & ij hand belles. 1611 R. Cotgrave Martinet,..a Saints bell, or Antham bell. 1862 D. A. Randall I. xiv. 345 Jehovah's presence thine unapproachable light, his rolling thunders the solemn anthem bell that summoned the audience! 1951 61 69 The anthem bell, too, had been broken during the Civil War, and the wardens seem to have been anxious to replace it at once. 2008 J. Laughton ix. 183 In 1468 the ordinances of the city's Fletchers and Bowyers stipulated that..apprentices should stop after the Anthem bell. Derivatives 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus vi. viii, in 367 To singe Antemne wise such lewde songs through the midds of the citie vntill they came to the place of their assembled congregation. 1625 F. Bacon (new ed.) 224 Seuerall Quires, placed one ouer against another, and taking the Voice by Catches Anthemewise. 1849 A. J. Stephens II. 457/1 The singing anthemwise was universally observed in Socrates's time. 1961 Sept. 21/1 Thus a choir singing anthem-wise or antiphonally has developed from the Greek era and is now adapted in our century to the music of present day groups in our music programs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). anthemv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: anthem n. Etymology: < anthem n. Compare chant v., hymn v. Chiefly poetic. society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > anthem > sing anthems [verb (transitive)] society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in anthem 1628 O. Felltham xci. sig. Aa5 He that had anthem'd the purenesse of the God of Israel. 1661 A. Brome liv. 268 His soul was anthem'd out in prayers. 1751 J. Marchant iii. xix. 153 Shall we, most ungrateful, abuse His boundless, unfathomed Love? Or turn to preposterous Use Events that were anthem'd above? 1820 J. Keats Fancy in 124 Sweet birds antheming the morn. 1877 W. Lytteil iv. ii. 193 The tips of the granite mountains..antheming their hymn of praise. 1915 R. Norwood 52 Sing me that song that they anthemed of old. 1997 F. A. Bailey v. 158 A contingent of Hitler Youth marched past, two thousand adolescent voices antheming victory over the despised ‘Frankreich’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.eOE v.1628 |
