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单词 flower
释义

flowern.

Brit. /ˈflaʊə/, /flaʊə/, U.S. /ˈflaʊər/
Forms: Middle English fflour, Middle English flawre, Middle English flor, Middle English flur, Middle English flure, Middle English folour (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1600s flour, Middle English–1600s floure, Middle English–1600s flowre, Middle English– flower, 1500s flore, 1500s flovre, 1500s flowr, 1600s– flow'r (chiefly poetic); Scottish pre-1700 flour, pre-1700 floure, pre-1700 flowris (plural), pre-1700 fluris (plural), pre-1700 1700s– flower, pre-1700 1800s– flooer, pre-1700 1800s– floor, 1800s flure, 1900s– flo'er. See also flour n.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French flur.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French flur, flour, flor, fleur (Middle French, French fleur ) flower, bloom, blossom (of a plant), representation of a flower, decoration, the best of something, best part, shining example, an elite group or individual, a paragon, a virtuous or beautiful person, prime or bloom (of life, etc.), virginity (all 12th cent.), flour (12th cent.: see flour n.) < Latin flōr- , flōs flower, bloom, blossom, representation of a flower, state of being in flower, something forming on the surface (as scum on wine), powdered or powdery form of a substance, fragrance, aroma (of wine, etc.), most flourishing condition attained by a person or thing, zenith, youthful condition, youthful prime, virginity, best of something, rhetorical or poetical ornamentation < the same Indo-European base as blow v.2 See also flour n., originally a variant of this word.Compare Old Occitan flor, Catalan flor, Spanish flor, Portuguese flor, Italian fiore, †flor; the word is recorded from the earliest documented period for each language.
1.
a. A complex organ in phenogamous plants, comprising a group of reproductive organs and its envelopes. In the popular use of the word, the characteristic feature of a flower is the ‘coloured’ (not green) envelope, and the term is not applied where this is absent, unless there is obvious resemblance in appearance to what is ordinarily so called. In botanical use, a flower consists normally of one or more stamens or pistils (or both), a corolla, and a calyx; but the two last are not universally present.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun]
flower?c1225
woman?1440
floscle1599
head1704
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 252 Þe treon alswa openeð ham. & bringeð forð misliche flures.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xiv. 2 As a flour goth out, and is totreden.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 235 Leif nor flour fynd could I nane of rew.
1594 R. Barnfield Affectionate Shepheard i. xxvi. sig. Bij Thou suckst the flowre till all the sweet be gone.
1672 W. Hughes Flower Garden 31 Daffodils that have several Flowers on one Stalk.
1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 29 Like some fair Flow'r that in the Spring does rise.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iii. ii. 87 As faithless leaves drop from the o'erblown flower.
1845 J. Lindley School Bot. (1858) i. 13 A flower, if complete in all its parts, consists of a calyx, a corolla, stamens, and a pistil.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 20 Flower that's full-blown tempts the butterfly.
figurative.a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 62 Þah þou be whyt ant bryht on ble, falewen shule þy floures.1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 30 Cristen men..Schal no flour schewe of virtu.1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) iii. sig. Aiij/2 A foule blindnes: whiche..dystroyeth ye floures, & the frutes of al goostly vertues.1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 164 This bud of loue..May proue a bewtious floure when next we meete. View more context for this quotation1759 J. Rutty Spiritual Diary (ed. 2) 140 An extract of some sweet flowers from the scriptures.1841 R. C. Trench Notes Parables xii. 210 Righteousness, both in its root of faith and its flower of charity.
Categories »
b. In Bryology, extended to denote the growth comprising the reproductive organs in mosses.
2. transferred.
a. The down or feathery seeds of the dandelion and thistle. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > composite plant > part of plant
flower1530
pale1578
thrum1578
blade1672
floret1672
semi-floscule1720
radius1727
ray1727
semi-floret1729
egret1785
floscule1785
anthodium1812
periclinium1826
pericline1855
chaff-scale1856
phyllary1857
anthode1865
arrowlet1872
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 221/2 Floure of a tasyll that flyeth about all rounde, barbedieu.
b. plural. The menstrual discharge; the menses; = catamenia n. Obsolete. [After French fleurs : but this is regarded by French scholars as a corruption of flueurs : see fluor n.1]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun]
monthlyeOE
menstruuma1398
flowerc1400
menstrue?a1425
women's evilc1450
menstruosity1503
courses1563
monthly time1564
reds1568
month courses1574
purgation1577
women's courses1577
month1578
menses1597
menstruals1598
flourish1606
nature1607
fluors1621
mois1662
period1690
catamenia1764
turn1819
visitor1980
c1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 190 A woman schal in the harme blede For stoppyng of hure flowrys.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Aiij The same water..causeth women to have her flowres, named menstruum.
1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) §106 It helpeth the stopping of the Flowers.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Flowers, in the Animal Oeconomy, are Womens monthly Purgations, or Menses.
1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 666/2 The French term ‘fleurs’ and the English ‘flowers’ are now fallen into disuse.
c. Old Chemistry (plural, earlier singular also in form flour): The pulverulent form of any substance, esp. as the result of condensation after sublimation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > preparation
powdera1350
flowera1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxx. 866 Druyeng and temperynge wiþ vinegre it [sc. lede] torneþ into white colour of flour of lede.
1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 164 Which whitenesse is partly the floures of the Nitre.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Flower of Sulphur, the purest of the Sulphur, that sticks to the Head of the Alembic, in sublimation by Fire.
1735 J. Swift Death & Daphne in Wks. II. 403 Flow'r of Sulphur powder'd well.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 162 The benzoic acid, is sufficiently known by the name of flowers of benzoine.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 114 These [white flakes] have been called flowers of Zinc.
1834 J. J. Griffin Chem. Recreat. (ed. 3) 117 Flowers of benjamin, a substance obtained by sublimation from gum benzoin.
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 337 Powdered sulphur is known in Commerce as flowers of sulphur.
d. Applied to various fungoid growths; a scum formed on wine, vinegar, etc. in fermentation. flowers of tan: a fungus (Fuligo) growing on tan heaps.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > scum
flower1548
mantle1601
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > fungous
flower1668
fungosity1670
vegetation1762
fungation1827
fungoid1873
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > other fungi
bolet1526
boletus1601
byssus1753
fly-fungus1822
turban-top1828
stilbid1846
empusa1856
Scotch bonnet1861
wolf's-milk1861
lizard's herb1866
fairy ring1870
Malta fungus1870
flowers of tan1882
mycorrhiza1886
fumago1887
milky cap1887
moss-gold1887
oomycete1889
razor strop fungus1893
club-fungusa1909
sulphur tuft1909
bolete1914
old man of the woods1972
1548 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. Fiocchi..flowers of wine.
1600 W. Vaughan Nat. & Artific. Direct. Health (1633) 128 The Cholericke humour is hot and fiery, bitter, and like unto the flowre of wine.
1668 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 3 772 A somewhat moist and putrid matter..which ..is called..the Flower of this Substance [osteocolla].
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 145 Reserving the Froth or Flower of it, and putting the same into small casks.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 263 The yellow plasmodia inside a tan-heap..come to the surface, and then coalesce into the large bodies which are known as ‘flowers of tan’.
3.
a. A blossom considered independently of the plant, and esp. in regard to its beauty or perfume. no flowers (by request): an intimation that flowers are not desired at a funeral; hence, no outward sign of mourning or regret.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > flowers > no flowers
no flowers (by request)1900
c1275 Luue Ron 151 in Old Eng. Misc. 97 Þu art swetture þane eny flur.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 214/491 A fair Medwe he saiȝ with swete floures.
a1300 Floriz & Bl. 434 Flures To strawen in þe maidenes bures.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 43v As the bees loue the swetest of the floures.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 186 Als fresch as flouris that in May vp spredis.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 170 Strew me ouer With Maiden Flowers . View more context for this quotation
1656 A. Cowley Another Epicure in Anacreontics Beauteous Flowers, why do we spread, Upon the Mon'ments of the Dead?
1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 6 We..always set the Gem above the Flow'r.
1900 C. Hanbury Let. 5 Aug. in Autobiogr. (1901) xv. 224 When the Home-going is, I want to say with more than common emphasis—‘by desire’—no flowers; also no bell tolling.
1923 H. C. Bailey Mr. Fortune's Pract. iii. 84 No flowers, by request. Don't be an owl.
1928 E. Wallace Gunner xxii I shall..explain to the police why I shot you, and there will be no flowers from Scotland Yard.
1970 Times 17 Nov. 20/2 Cremation at 11.30 a.m. at Exeter Crematorium, Thursday 19th November. No flowers by request.
b. figurative (esp. as applied to a person.)
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 252 Uertuz. beoð..swote ingodes nase smellinde flures.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 64 Blessed be þou..suete flur of Parays.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 83 Aue, Maria..Haile, fresche flour femynyne.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iii. 80 Nay he is a flower, in faith a very flower. View more context for this quotation
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 356 My Wife told me a good deal of the Beauties of your Person; but I did not think we had such a Flower in our Country.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 98 And they will beat my girl Remembering her mother: O my flower!
c. plural. The bloom of certain plants used in Medicine (formerly also in Cookery).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > valued plant > medicinal plant or herb > flower parts used medicinally
flowersc1430
anther1783
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > flowers or parts of
flowersc1430
sabdariffa1866
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 29 Take Flourys of Vyolet, boyle hem.
1586 W. Bayley Briefe Treat. Preserv. Eie Sight 18 An ounce of the water of Rosemarie flowers.
1600 W. Vaughan Nat. & Artific. Direct. Health (1633) 76 Halfe a handfull of the flowers of Camomill.
1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 18 Boiled with..Chamomel flowers.
4.
a. A flowering plant; a plant cultivated or esteemed for the sake of its blossoms.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > valued plant > flower or plant esteemed for its blossoms
flower?a1513
bloomer1736
blower1796
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [noun]
flower?a1513
gentle-heart1648
bloomer1736
blower1796
phaenogam1846
phanerogam1861
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 183 Now spring vp, flouris, fra the rute..Lay out ȝour levis lustely.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. G1v Vnholsome weeds take roote with precious flowrs . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 273 O flours, That never will in other Climate grow. View more context for this quotation
1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. 140 If the Blossom be of most Importance, we call it [sc. the plant] a Flower.
1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) xviii. 289 Flowers..are classed into annuals, biennials and perennials.
b. In the names of various plants, as flower of Bristol n. Obsolete,† †flower Constantinople n. (also †flower of Constantinople) Obsolete the nonsuch, Lychnis chalcedonica. flower of Jove n. (see quot.). flower of the night n. (see quot. 1665). flower of the sun n. = sunflower n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies
rose campion1530
jagged pink1574
cuckoo-gilliflower1578
flower Constantinople1578
marsh gilliflower1578
wild William1578
crow-flower1597
gardener's delight1597
nonsuch1597
cuckoo-flower1629
fair maid of France1629
meadow pink1660
Bristol Non-such1668
flower of Bristol1672
knight-cross1725
ragged robin1731
fair maid of Kent1813
flower of Jove1840
mullein pink1840
fire pink1848
sticky catchfly1908
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > sunflower
golden flower of Peru1578
Indian sun1578
girasola1586
flower of the sun1597
marigold of Peru1597
marigold sunflower1597
sunflower1597
turnsole1725
sun-seeker1847
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > non-British flowers > of south or tropical America
marvel of Peru1597
flower of the night1665
world's wonder1706
butterfly flower1731
mirabilis1754
four o'clock flower1756
bastard mustard1759
Browallia1782
bastard plantain1796
cleome1806
alonsoa1812
gloxinia1816
schizanthus1823
butterfly plant1825
petunia1825
sinningia1826
salpiglossis1827
mask flower1834
poinsettia1836
guaco1844
spiderwort1846
mist flower1848
balisier1858
spider flower1861
sun plant1862
eucharis1866
pretty-by-night1869
Rocky Mountain bee plant1870
urn-flower1891
tulip-poppy1909
smithiantha1917
poor man's orchid1922
ten o'clock1953
tiger-iris-
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. viii. 157 Flos Constantinopolitanus, that is to say Floure Constantinople.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 380 It is called..in English..of some Flower of Bristowe, and None such.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 612 Of the flower of the Sunne, or the Marigolde of Peru.
1665 J. Rea Flora ii. xvii. 195 The Mervail of Peru..These flowers..are to be seen late in evenings, or early in mornings, and therefore have been called the flowers of the night.
1672 W. Hughes Flower Garden 33 Flowers of the Sun, do commonly flower about August.
1672 W. Hughes Flower Garden 33 Flower of Bristol, Champion or Non~such.
1840 J. Paxton & J. Lindley Pocket Bot. Dict. 134 Flower of Jove, Lychnis flos Jovis.
5. The representation of a flower:
a. in drawing, painting, and weaving.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > flowers
flowerc1230
flourishingc1384
fleuronc1385
rose1415
pansyc1450
columbine1459
lily1459
fleur-de-lis1475
heartseasea1542
honeysuckle1548
flower-work1601
floretry1615
branching1652
fleuret1811
anthemion1816
rosace1823
fleur1841
flowering1862
flowerage1864
millefleurs1908
rosette1931
c1230 Hali Meid. 23 Þe flurs þat beoð idrahe þron [on a gerlaundesche].
a1300 Body & Soul 14 in Map's Poems 334 Thi riche halles? I-peynted with so riche floures?
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1413 Some were..feyr peyntede wyth frute and floures.
a1400–50 Alexander 1539 A vestoure to vise on of violet floures.
c1400 Rom. Rose 891 Nought clad in silk was he But alle in floures.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights xiv, in Poems 57 Engarlanded and diapered With in~wrought flowers, a cloth of gold.
b. Architecture.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > fruit or flowers
lily-work1611
encarpa1662
rose1664
rosette1718
flower1730
corbeille1734
lotus1750
honeysuckle1770
pannier1781
lotus blossoma1794
lilying1874
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Flowers, (in Architecture) representations of some imaginary flowers, by way of crowning or finishing on the top of a dome.
1741 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 4) Flower of the capital, is an ornament..in form of a rose, in the middle of the sweep of the Corinthian abacus.
c. Printing. (See quot. 1871.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [noun] > decoration
feuillage1714
flower1770
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 287 Flowers were the first Ornaments which were used at the Head of..pages.
1779 B. Franklin Let. 9 June in Wks. (1888) VI. 427 Did they take all the letters, flowers, etc., etc., except the five cases of money types which you say the Congress have taken?
1838 C. H. Timperley Printers' Man. 62 Flowers are used for borders.
1871 Amer. Encycl. Printing 172/1 Flowers, ornaments for embellishing chapter-headings, or forming tail-pieces to books.
1888 in C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab.
d. = fleur-de-lis n. 2, 3. flower of the winds: see quot. 1867.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun]
FrenchOE
flowerc1330
fleur-de-lis1523
monsieur1673
messieurs1737
mounseer1755
Johnny Crapaud1805
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of vegetation > [noun] > lily
flowerc1330
lilya1352
fleur-de-lisc1400
lis1611
gold lily1755
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 462 He..hit him on þe helme so briȝt, Þat al þe floures fel doun riȝt.
1352 L. Minot Poems ix. i The flowres that faire war Er fallen in Fraunce.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 162 If the flower of the nedle be righte Northe from it.
1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. viii. 393 The favourite Anglo-Saxon kind of ornament, called the ‘flower’.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Flower of the Winds, the mariner's compass on maps and charts.
e. †A flower-shaped branch or bowl of a candlestick. Also, a piece of iron shaped like a fleur-de-lis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick > other parts of
nose1432
socketc1440
nozzle1447
flower1521
bobeche1853
grease-pan1936
1521 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 128 I will that there be maid for every flowre of the candlestike a tapur of wod.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Flower, the piece of iron which fastens a vice to a table or bench.
f. An artificial flower (as an ornament).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > artificial flowers and fruit
paper flower1580
shell-flowers1739
artificial1840
wax flower1843
stone-fruit1851
flower1881
Japanese flower1917
1881 Illustr. Househ. Jrnl. Sept. 121/3 The most popular flowers just now for bonnet trimmings..are made of velvet.
6.
a. An adornment or ornament; a precious possession, a ‘jewel’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration > an ornament
ornamenta1382
paramentc1395
adornmentc1405
flower1542
furniture1548
furniments1553
bravery1577
grace1579
trim1579
honour1589
outsetc1590
parergy1592
trapping1596
adornation1597
parergon1601
accomplishment1605
bellishment1611
facing1622
decorement1632
embellishment1632
gallantry1633
ornamentals1650
disguisements1655
decorationa1678
buska1687
decorament1727
pretty1736
tahalli1833
chicken fixings1840
ornamentality1842
grace note1922
1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Biii London beyng one of the flowres of the world as touchyng worldly richesse.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 183 Thats Æneas..hees one of the flowers of Troy. View more context for this quotation
1647 T. May Hist. Parl. ii. iii. 40 The nomination of any persons to those places, he will reserve to himself, it being a principal and inseparable flower of his Crown.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 63 The Dutch robbed of one of their greatest Flowers.
1789 W. Blake Holy Thursday in Songs of Innocence O what a multitude they seemd these flowers of London town.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 219 The power of pardoning..a precious prerogative which..even the Whigs allowed to be a flower properly belonging to the Crown.
b. to bear, fang, have the flower (of): to gain the victory, to have preëminence (among).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > be victorious [verb (intransitive)]
overcomea1200
win1297
conquerc1300
to bear, fang, have the flower (of)c1310
vanquish1382
to win one's shoesa1400
to win or achieve a checka1400
triumph1508
vince1530
import1600
victorize1641
beat1744
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [verb (intransitive)]
shinec900
to bear, fang, have the flower (of)c1310
exceed1482
pre-excel1587
excel16..
to take the (or a) lead1745
c1310 Pol. Songs (Camden) 248 Is Edward ded? Of Christendom he ber the flour!
a1400–50 Alexander 500 And þar þe floure in þe filde I fangid þurȝe himselfe.
a1400–50 Alexander 2603 For he þat folows hase þe floure · & he flees neuer.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 2495 Torent the floure a way bare.
c. Virginity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > virginity > [noun]
maidenhoodOE
maidhooda1200
flowera1300
maidenheada1325
maidheada1393
virginitya1400
virgintyc1400
virginality?c1450
maidenliness1555
virginhead1605
virginhood1636
virgin1649
vestalship1893
a1300 Fall & Passion 52 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 14 Maid bere heuen king.. þer for sso ne les noȝt hir flure.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 334 O Pallas noble quene..Help, that I lese nought my flour.
d. An embellishment or ornament (of speech); a choice phrase. rare in singular.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > embellishment > an) ornament(s)
coloursc1405
rhetoricc1425
gaudc1430
flower1508
flourish1603
embellishment1632
flosculation1651
floscule1669
gayness1670
floresa1734
taga1734
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 187 Thare was Mercurius, wise and eloquent, Of rethorike that fand the flouris faire.
1533 N. Udall (title) Flovres for Latyne spekynge, selected and gathered oute of Terence.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. v. i. sig. Ii7v Discourses not tricked up with Flowers of Rhetorick.
1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i Your occasional tropes and flowers suit the general coarseness of your style, as tambour sprigs would a ground of linsey-woolsey.
1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress (ed. 3) 41 Bob's harangue, 'Twas deuced fine..All full of flowers.
1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens III. xv. iii. 145 Ulrich von Hutten heard Italian orators smother them ‘in flowers of speech’.
7. The choicest individual or individuals among a number of persons or things; ‘the pick’. flower of chivalry, etc., may belong to this sense or to 9, according as the accompanying noun is taken as abstract or concrete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > the choice or pick
flowerc1200
pearlc1400
richessec1450
choicea1513
wale1513
cream1581
garland1591
pink1597
analect1653
pick1766
the pick of the basket1874
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 257 Moder milde flur of alle.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 433 Þe noble tour, Þat of all þe tours of Engelond ys yholde flour.
?1370 Robt. Cicyle 50 He was of chevalrye the floure.
?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 The noble Chaucer, of makaris flour.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xviiv There wer slain the flower of all Loughdean.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 1017/2 They were the flowre..of the Elect.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxix. 198 Noblemen, which be the flowre of gentilitie.
1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. v. 443 S. Ambrose, and S. Augustine (the flower of the Latine fathers)..doe bitterly oppose it.
1764 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Memoirs 74 Yet I was always singled out as the flower of the flock.
a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) i. 62 They had consented to his selecting the flower of the English forces.
1800–24 T. Campbell Brave Roland vi Roland, the flower of chivalry.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 348 The London clergy, then universally acknowledged to be the flower of their profession, held a meeting.
1851 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 4) v. 120 I take her for the flower of womankind.
8. The best, choicest, most attractive or desirable part or product of anything, material or immaterial; the essence, quintessence; also ‘the gist’ (of a matter).The earliest appearance of this sense in English is in the specific application now differentiated as flour n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun]
pitheOE
i-cundeeOE
roota1325
substancec1330
juicec1380
marrowa1382
formc1385
acta1398
quidditya1398
substantial forma1398
inward1398
savourc1400
inwardc1450
allaya1456
essencya1475
being1521
bottom1531
spirit?1534
summary1548
ecceity1549
core1556
flower1568
formality1570
sum and substance1572
alloy1594
soul1598
inwardness1605
quid1606
fibre1607
selfness1611
whatness1611
essentialityc1616
propera1626
the whole shot1628
substantiala1631
esse1642
entity1643
virtuality1646
ingeny1647
quoddity1647
intimacy1648
ens1649
inbeing1661
essence1667
interiority1701
intrinsic1716
stamen1758
character1761
quidditas1782
hyparxis1792
rasa1800
bone1829
what1861
isness1865
inscape1868
as-suchness1909
Wesen1959
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > excellent part
flower1568
fine1829
high spot1894
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > drift, tenor, purport > [noun] > gist
great1340
gist1820
flower1837
1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Aviij Matromonie..containeth the felicity of man's life, the Flower of Friendship.
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. N5 Creame..Flos lactis. Rightly so tearmed by the Latines, for it is the very flower of milke, as also butter is the flower of Creame.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 351 The flower of gaine and emolument to this State.
1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Phil. iv. 4 That holy joy in the Lord is that Flower of Religion which all Christians should desire.
a1732 J. Gay Fables (1738) II. viii. 77 I sip the tea's delicious flower.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iii. v. 197 The flower of the matter is that they are but nine; that they sit in secret.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 69 Thrice-happy days! The flower of each, those moments when we met.
1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. ii. 27 Here we have the flower and outcome of Newton's induction.
9. The brightest and fairest example or embodiment of any quality. Cf. pink n.5 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > the choice or pick > of a quality
flower1297
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 213 Syre Wawein ys neueu, flour of corteysye.
c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 107 In his tyme of strengthe he [Hercules] was the flour.
c1450 Crt. of Love 3 The floure of porte in womanhede.
1508 W. Dunbar Ballade Barnard Stewart in Poems (1998) I. 179 Prynce of fredom and flour of gentilnes.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella xcix, in Arcadia (1598) 565 Mornes messenger..Cals each wight to salute the floure of blisse.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iv. 43 He is not the Flower of curtesie. View more context for this quotation
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Cc2 Cicero, Hortensius, Caesar, and those other selected flowers of eloquence.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 153 Lancelot, the flower of bravery.
10.
a. The state or condition of being in bloom or blossom; in phrases in flower, †in (their) flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adjective] > having flowers or blossom > in bloom
blownc1000
full-blown1576
flowering1592
in beauty1629
flowered1633
in bloom1645
new-blown1656
blooming1664
blowing1667
in flower1697
in (their) flowers1697
abloom1729
blow1744
aflower1869
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 His Limes were first in Flow'rs . View more context for this quotation
1701 London Gaz. No. 3697/4 Ranunculos's, and Tulips, in their Flowers.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 414. ¶5 An Orchard in Flower looks..more delightful, than..the most finished Parterre.
b. transferred of birds. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > young bird > [noun] > full growth of
fledgenessc1440
flower1608
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 87 Young birds..are in their full flowre ere one be aware.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 61 Cocks, Pheasants, & Peacocks,..are much more beautiful in their naturall flower.
11. Of persons: The period or state of ‘bloom’, vigour, or prosperity.
a. The prime (of life), the bloom (of youth); esp. in phrases, †in youth's flowers, in the flower of one's age.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [noun]
youthc897
youngheada1300
youngthc1330
juvent1377
juventy1377
first youtha1387
youthheada1400
joyfnesc1400
junessec1430
young daysa1464
juventudec1470
younga1475
youngness?1505
flower?1507
juventute1541
prime tide1549
spring1553
April1583
springtime1583
nonage1584
prime1584
flowering youth1586
primrose1590
greenc1595
dancing-days1599
primrose-time1606
leaping timea1616
salad daysa1616
minority1632
juvenency1656
coltagec1720
youdith1723
veal-bones1785
whelphood1847
colthood1865
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > prime > [noun]
flowering agec1400
pridec1475
blooming-time1495
flower?1507
season?1507
day1546
flourishing years?1555
golden years1559
vigour1563
consistent age1574
prime1574
May moon1576
acme1579
Maya1586
flourish1597
May month1600
consistencea1613
May morna1616
constant age1620
high daya1625
blouth1643
flourishing age1737
heyday1751
floruit1843
bloom-hour1850
blossom-time1860
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > prime > [adjective]
floweringc1400
in youth's flowers?1507
primy1604
consisting1623
in the flower of one's age1647
seasonable1883
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > young (of beings)
littleeOE
youngOE
younglyOE
younglinga1250
little waxena1325
greena1398
imperfecta1398
primec1429
unold?1440
juvync1450
novelc1450
unaged1486
in youth's flowers?1507
unbearded1560
unweaned1581
whelpish1586
ungrown1593
under-age1594
unhatched1601
infantine1603
springalda1614
unbakeda1616
unlickeda1616
juvenile1625
lile1633
juvenal1638
bloomy1651
youngish1667
blooming1676
puerilea1680
youngerly1742
steerish1789
chota1814
white-shoe1960
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 A ȝoung man ryght ȝaip, bot nought in ȝouth [a1586 ȝouthis] flouris.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxxii Taken prisoner and so remained in Englande..till the flower of his age was passed or sore blemyshed.
?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 21 Let not the floure of life passe by vs.
1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 7 In the first flower of his age.
1733 A. Pope 1st Satire 2nd Bk. Horace Imitated ii. i. 15 In Flow'r of Age you perish for a Song!
1827 W. Scott Jrnl. 4 Aug. (1941) 85 He is a man in the flower of life, about thirty.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 156 A simple maiden in her flower Is worth a hundred coats-of-arms.
1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks I. viii. 257 They were in the flower of youth and beauty.
b. The state or condition of greatest eminence, fame, prosperity, etc. Chiefly phr. in one's flower(s.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > in prosperous condition [phrase] > at height of
in one's flower(sc1380
on the pig's back (also ear)1894
on top of the worldc1920
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > flourishing condition > state of greatest
flowerc1380
pridec1475
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 316 Þe Emperour of Rome was þanne in his flouris.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2184 A man hath moost honour To dyen in his excellence and flour.
?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 434 Alas! now fallen is my flower!
1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. x. sig. C.viii In whiche tyme Esopus ye oratour was in his flowers.
?1555 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Treat. Death i. xl. 158 Whyle a man is in his floures of health.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 207 Jeffery Monmouth was in his Flower Anno 1156.
c. Bloom or beauty. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > stage of greatest beauty
blossoma1250
bloomc1400
flower1609
blow1753
beautyhood1832
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xii. 93 See how she ginnes to blow into lifes flower againe. View more context for this quotation

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive.
flower-bed n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > flower-bed
arbourc1300
knot1502
cutwork1693
flower-border1712
panel1803
flower-court1828
mixed bed1866
flower-bed1873
carpet-bed1883
coffin1912
floral clock1925
1873 H. W. Longfellow Rhyme Sir Christopher in Aftermath i. 112 A modest flower-bed thickly sown with sweet alyssum.
flower-bell n.
ΚΠ
1830 Ld. Tennyson Isabel in Poems 8 The stem, which else had fallen quite With clustered flowerbells.
flower-border n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > flower-bed
arbourc1300
knot1502
cutwork1693
flower-border1712
panel1803
flower-court1828
mixed bed1866
flower-bed1873
carpet-bed1883
coffin1912
floral clock1925
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > flower-bed > border
borderc1540
bordure1691
wall-border1707
flower-border1712
box edging1718
platband1725
box edge1767
mixed border1868
herbaceous border1881
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 36 A Flower-Border.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 282 She was..delving and digging in her flower-border.
flower-court n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > flower-bed
arbourc1300
knot1502
cutwork1693
flower-border1712
panel1803
flower-court1828
mixed bed1866
flower-bed1873
carpet-bed1883
coffin1912
floral clock1925
1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) III. 25 Behind the house is an ample kitchen-garden, and before, a neat flower-court.
flower-garden n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > flower-garden
arbourc1300
coronary garden1610
flower-plot1665
flower-garden1672
flower-plat1796
1672 W. Hughes (title) The Flower-Garden.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 96 The court resembled a flower-garden.
flower-garland n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > [noun] > ornamental or suitable for garland
flower-garland1303
garland-flower1563
coronary1610
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > flower arrangement > garland or wreath
flower-garland1303
garland1303
aneusc1500
whip1513
crants1592
anadem1598
wreathing1600
festoon1610
swag1795
lei1843
wreathage1872
garlandage1885
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery worn on the head > [noun] > coronet or circlet > chaplet, wreath, garland of flowers or leaves
gerlaundeschec1230
flower-garland1303
garland1303
baca1350
crownalc1443
aneusc1500
diadem1530
coronal1579
crants1592
coronet1600
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 997 Ȝyf þou euer..Dedyst floure gerlande or coroune To makë wommen to gadyr.
flower-jar n.
ΚΠ
1835 Southern Literary Messenger 1 239 Getting some water from a flower jar, I sprinkled it over her face.
1863 B. Taylor Hannah Thurston ii. 35 Mrs. Babb..had gathered..the chrysanthemums..and stuck them into an old glass flower-jar.
flower-plat n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > flower-garden
arbourc1300
coronary garden1610
flower-plot1665
flower-garden1672
flower-plat1796
1796 F. Jacson Plain Sense (ed. 2) II. 49 The little flower plat put forth its beauties.
1857 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 22 July in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. vi. 341 Suburban villas..with prettily ornamented flower-plats before them.
flower-plot n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > flower-garden
arbourc1300
coronary garden1610
flower-plot1665
flower-garden1672
flower-plat1796
1665 J. Sergeant in K. Digby Two Treat. (new ed.) sig. (*2) Yours is a Flower-plot pav'd by Truth's rich Gold.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) III. xx. 140 A little flower-plot, the superfluous ornament of a rich man's estate.
flower-root n.
ΚΠ
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 69 in Sylva Such Plants and Flower-roots as endure not well out of the ground.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 292 Flower-roots, sundry boxes of books, a piano-forte.
flower-seed n.
ΚΠ
1807 J. Austen Let. 20 Feb. (1995) 122 You are recommended to bring away some flower-seeds.
1867 A. D. Whitney Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Life vii. 117 These were flower-seeds—bags labelled ‘Petunia’.
flower-sheath n.
ΚΠ
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 20 A blossom vermeil-white, That lightly breaks a faded flower-sheath.
flower-shop n.
ΚΠ
1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 154 Branches of this early gem may now be purchased..at the flower-shops of Boston.
flower-show n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > flower festival or exhibition
flower-show1845
rose show1852
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > [noun] > exhibit
show1587
showpiece1802
flower-show1845
rose show1852
exhibit1862
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > other shows or spectacles
raree-show1718
cattle-show1815
flower-show1845
baby show1854
trade show1854
horse-show1856
dress parade1870
field show1870
bottle show1883
medicine show1903
aquacade1937
icecapade1940
talent show1955
1845 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 316 I went..to a flower-show in the Botanical Gardens.
flower-spike n.
ΚΠ
1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 35 Flower-spike from 2 to 3 feet long.
flower-stand n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > equipment
beau-pot1766
bouquetier1786
flower-stand1838
spray1862
rose bowl1878
stem-glass1922
pinholder1946
stub1951
stub wire1960
oasis1961
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. vii. 300 [She] busied herself with a flower-stand in the recess.
flower-stick n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > stake for plants
fork1389
incrementc1420
stakingc1440
stay1577
stick1577
bean-wood1584
pea stick1745
beanpole1798
stickings1800
bean-stick1823
pea-stake1840
flower-stick1881
pea-bough1885
trainer2004
1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §708 Flower-sticks may be square or round, according to the fancy of the maker.
flower-time n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > time of prosperity
highOE
golden age1561
halcyon days1570
gilded age1655
heyday1751
high point1787
millennium1821
palmy days1837
up1843
clover summer1866
flower-time1873
belle époque1910
glory-days1956
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 127 This was the flower-time of the Aeolians, their brief and brilliant spring.
flower-tree n.
ΚΠ
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 142 All sort of Greens and flower trees.
b. Objective.
(a)
flower-gatherer n.
ΚΠ
1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xlv. 87/1 So the Flower-gatherer of Westminster recordeth.
flower-gathering n.
ΚΠ
1933 R. Tuve Seasons & Months iv. 163 A flower-gathering scene is similar in temper.
flower-maker n.
ΚΠ
1808 H. More Cœlebs in Search of Wife I. xi. 145 The street where the poor flower-maker lived.
flower-making n.
ΚΠ
1884 S. W. Beck Draper's Dict. 130 Dyed feathers when used in flower-making are..apt to fade.
flower-painter n.
ΚΠ
1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules Introd. 5 The mere Flower-Painter is..oblig'd to study the Form of Festons.
flower painting n.
ΚΠ
1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art Flower-painting..may be said to have asserted its proper place as an Art sui generis in the seventeenth century.
flower-vendor n.
ΚΠ
1861 Court Life at Naples I. 207 The beggars and flower-vendors sought shady nooks.
(b)
flower-bearing adj.
ΚΠ
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 422 Gramineæ..normally flower-bearing (but sometimes also empty) glumes.
1891 Daily News 4 Feb. 5/7 Behind the hearse there was a body of flower-bearing mutes.
flower-breeding adj.
ΚΠ
1767 G. S. Carey Hills of Hybla 1 O'er..flower-breeding vales.
flower-infolding adj.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. i. 68 The flower-infolding buds Burst on yon lightning-blasted almond-tree.
flower-sucking adj.
ΚΠ
1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis xv. 313 His corrupted bowels will produce Flowre-sucking Bees.
c. Instrumental.
flower-bespangled adj.
ΚΠ
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters i. iii. 41 Thicket, still fragrant and still flower-bespangled.
flower-besprinkled adj.
ΚΠ
1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend iii. 118 It looks like a flower-besprinkled meadow.
flower-crowned adj.
ΚΠ
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 63 The Flower-crownd People, swarming on the Green.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. viii. 248 Bowls of wine flower-crowned.
flower-decked adj.
ΚΠ
1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude iv. 100 I had left a flower-decked room.
flower-embroidered adj.
ΚΠ
1747 G. Lyttelton Monody to Lady v. 58 Sequester'd dales And flower-embroider'd vales.
flower-enamelled adj.
ΚΠ
1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars vi. xviii. 128 Along the flower enamil'd vales, The siluer-Trent..doth slide.
flower-inwoven adj.
ΚΠ
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xx, in Poems 10 With flowre-inwov'n tresses torn The Nimphs in twilight shade of tangled thickets mourn.
flower-sprinkled adj.
ΚΠ
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. ii. 26 The scythe being whetted makes us cast more lingering looks at the flower-sprinkled tresses of the meadows.
flower-strewn adj.
ΚΠ
1847 M. Howitt Ballads 363 The flower-strewn earth is wondrous fair.
flower-teeming adj.
ΚΠ
1838 J. Pardoe River & Desart II. 43 A flower-teeming land.
d. Parasynthetic and similative.
(a)
flower-bright adj.
ΚΠ
1906 Daily Chron. 11 Apr. 8/1 The..flower-bright stretches of the great park.
1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid xii. 278 Led by the queen's daughter, who tore at her flower-bright tresses And rose-petal cheeks.
flower-faced adj.
ΚΠ
1881 ‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette I. iii He glances down at the slim, flower-faced maiden.
flower-like adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > resembling or derived from flowers
anthine1656
flower-like1833
flower-shaped1836
anthoid1852
1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles I. ii. 28 Surmounted by a flower-like ornament.
flower-shaped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > resembling or derived from flowers
anthine1656
flower-like1833
flower-shaped1836
anthoid1852
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 414/1 Tubes, ending in flower-shaped capsules.
flower-soft adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > [adjective] > soft like specific thing or material
uddery1398
butteryc1450
carnose1562
silk-soft1570
downy1583
linty1607
flower-softa1616
lawny1615
unwoody1635
snow-like1663
pillowy1769
eider1789
puddingy1825
cushiony1839
sarcoid1841
cushioned1861
marshmallowy1993
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 217 The Silken Tackle, Swell with the touches of those Flower-soft hands. View more context for this quotation
flower-sweet adj.
ΚΠ
1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard i. i I love her for sweet eyes or brows or hair, For the smooth temples, where God touching her Made blue with sweeter veins the flower-sweet white.
1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd v. ii. 189 To put it so is flower-sweet of you.
1925 J. Gregory Bab of Backwoods 34 Flower-sweet attributes of girlhood.
(b)
flower-like adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adverb]
flower-like1604
florally1820
flower-wise1865
flowerily1886
1604 S. Rowlands Looke to It sig. F4 Flowerlike they wither and decay.
flower-wise adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adverb]
flower-like1604
florally1820
flower-wise1865
flowerily1886
1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 213 [Grief shall come] Flower-wise upon the old root of tears brought forth.
C2. Special combinations.
a.
flower-animals n. a book-name for the Anthozoa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Anthozoa Actinozoa > member of
coral1579
animal flower1750
sea-coralline1753
coralline1779
flower-animals1840
corallum1846
anthozoon1849
actinozoon1864
anthozoan1865
actinozoan1876
1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. I. 177 The elegant flower-animal, Diazoma, is found on the barrier-reef.
1846 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes i. 7 The forms of life under consideration..are appropriately styled flower-animals.
flower-arrange v. [as a back-formation] (intransitive).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [verb (intransitive)] > arrange flowers
flower-arrange1955
1955 in Amer. Speech (1956) 31 84 J—— is flower~arranging.
flower arrangement n. the decorative arrangement of flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > flower arrangement
flowerage1688
rikka1889
flower arrangement1900
ikebana1901
flower decoration1907
moribana1921
pot-et-fleur1963
1900 G. Jekyll Home & Garden xiii. 141 The elaborate system of flower arrangement practised by the Japanese.
1933 A. L. Sadler Art Flower Arrangem. Japan iv. 54 The names of the three elements of a flower arrangement are taken from the three powers of nature, Heaven, Earth and Man.
1962 I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose xxxv. 336 She noted..which buds would be ready..for her flower-arrangement at the Women's Institute.
flower-arranger n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > flower arrangement > flower-arranger
picqueter1898
flower-arranger1966
1966 Times 17 Sept. 12/1 (caption) Flower arrangers make great use of shrubs, both for their flowers and their foliage.
flower-arranging n.
ΚΠ
1967 Listener 16 Mar. 357/3 It is no wonder that flower arranging is a difficult business.
flower-beetle n. U.S. a beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. one belonging to the sub-family Cetoniinæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > member of (beetle) > that feeds on flowers
anthobian1835
flower-beetle1842
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of subfamily Cetoniinae or genus Cetonia
sun-beetle1839
flower-beetle1842
1842 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects New Eng. 22 The tree-beetles..during the same period of their lives, frequent flowers, and are called flower-beetles.
1895 J. H. Comstock & A. B. Comstock Man. Study Insects xxi. 564 The flower-beetles are so called because many of them are often seen feeding upon pollen and flying from flower to flower.
1955 D. J. Borror & D. M. DeLong Introd. Study Insects xxii. 390 The flower beetles are principally pollen feeders.
flower-book n. a book in which (a) drawings of flowers are made; (b) collected flowers are preserved.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > paper > drawing book
drawing book1672
flower-book1753
sketchbook1837
block1865
sketching-block1865
sketch-pad1961
society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > blank book to contain collections > of preserved flowers, drawings of flowers
florilege1651
flower-booka1862
1753–4 W. Shenstone Poet. Wks. (1854) 137 (title) Written in a flower book of my own colouring.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) iii. 208 I used some thin and delicate sheets of this bark..in my flower-book.
flower-box n. a box in which flowers are grown, e.g. one placed outside a window, a window-box.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > flower-pot or tub
garden pot1592
flowerpot1598
pot1615
forty-eight1808
jardinière1841
thumb-pot1851
flower-box1876
window box1895
planter1948
1876 J. S. Ingram Centennial Exposition xii. 398 The general description of tiles made by this firm are here enumerated. Encaustic and tesselated tile pavement;..flower-boxes, etc.
flower-bud n. an unopened flower, as distinguished from a leaf-bud.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > flower-bud
knop1398
alabastrum1706
flower-bud1871
1871 Leisure Hour 478/1 One kind [of caterpillar]..manages to enclose a young flower-bud betwixt the leaves.
Categories »
flower-bug n. U.S. the popular name of various small hemipterous insects which frequent the blossoms of flowering plants, as the species of Anthocoris ( Cent. Dict.).
flower-cup n. (a) the calyx; (b) the cup-shaped receptacle formed by a flower.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx
husk1530
impalement1672
perianthium1687
foot husk1688
calyx1693
coffin1727
vase1728
flower-cup1756
perianth1785
calyx-segment1870
hull1883
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > flower-cup or central hollow
chalice1650
goblet1725
pit1818
flower-cup1860
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 140 The flower-cups are cut into four deep segments at the margin.
1860 R. Tyas Wild Flowers 41 The flower cup consists of two obtuse lips.
flower decoration n. = flower arrangement n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > flower arrangement
flowerage1688
rikka1889
flower arrangement1900
ikebana1901
flower decoration1907
moribana1921
pot-et-fleur1963
1907 G. Jekyll (title) Flower decoration in the house.
1937 C. Spry Flowers in House & Garden 143 If one wants to achieve a facility with flower decorations there should be endless experiment of arranging them.
1967 Everyman Encycl. V. 338/1 Flower decoration. The arrangement of F[lower]s for interior adornment has achieved..popularity.
flower-fence n. the plant Poinciana pulcherrima.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > poinciana
poinciana1731
Barbados pride1756
flower-fence1786
gulmohar1839
flamboyant1879
peacock flower1884
thread-flower1884
flamboyant tree1903
1786 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) Barbadoesflower-fence, poinciana..is planted in hedges, to divide the lands in Barbadoes, from whence it had the title of flower-fence.
1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants Flower-fence, a name in India for Cæsalpinia (Poinciana) pulcherrima.
flower-fly n. a dipterous insect which frequents flowers, esp. one belonging to the family Syrphidæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > unspecified > frequenting flowers
flower-fly1842
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Syrphidae > member of > frequenting flowers
flower-fly1842
1842 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects New Eng. 414 Flower-flies..are easily distinguished from the preceding flies..by the smaller size of their winglets.
1951 C. N. Colyer & C. O. Hammond Flies Brit. Isles xii. 154 (heading) Syrphidae, hover-flies, drone flies, flower flies.
flower-head n. an inflorescence consisting of a close cluster of sessile florets.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun]
crowna1350
knop1398
tuft?1523
coronet1555
crownet1578
head1597
seed head1597
truss1688
capitulum1704
glome1793
glomerule1793
glomus1832
flower-head1839
inflorescence1851
1839 J. Lindley School Bot. i. 8 The..flowerhead, when all the flowers are sessile upon a broad plate..as in the Daisy.
flower-honey n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > honey > [noun] > other types of honey
clarified honeya1450
flower-honey1577
corn-honey1609
stone-honey1609
hive-honey1653
grass-honey1658
lily-honey1658
stock-honey1742
heather-honey1826
clover honey-
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 184 There is three sortes of Hony, the best kinde is that which is called..flowre Hony, made in the spring-time.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 316 Floure-honey.
flower-knot n. a small flower-bed arranged in a pattern.
ΚΠ
1758 J. Armstrong Sketches 14 The sweet green..is the predominant Colour; while the gaudy Flowers..are carelessly interspersed. This is infinitely more pleasing and beautiful than..a Flower-knot.
1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. Flower-knot, a small flower bed.
flower-leaf n. a petal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal
leafeOE
fall1629
petalum1687
petal1712
petalon1720
flower-leaf1727
leafit1830
leaflet1855
phyllode1874
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Dipetalous Flower..is that which has two Flower Leaves.
1860 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (1873) 4 Whether it be green, as are foliage-leaves, or coloured, as are flower-leaves.
flower-pecker n. (a) a name for birds of the family Dicæidæ; (b) ‘an American honey-creeper or guitguit of the family Cœrebidæ’ ( Cent. Dict.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > [noun] > family Dicaeidae (flower-pecker)
flower-pecker1885
1885 H. O. Forbes Naturalist's Wanderings Eastern Archipel. vi. 212 Little flocks of the small green Flower-pecker (Zosterops).
flower-piece n. (a) a picture with flowers for its subject; (b) an arrangement of flowers.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > still-life painting > a still-life painting > types of
game piece1777
flower-piecea1784
fowling-piece1888
xenia1899
vanitas1909
a1784 S. Johnson Wks. (1816) I. 334 A room hung with flower-pieces of her own painting.
flower-printed adj. bearing a floral design.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [adjective] > flowers or fleurs-de-lis
flowered1592
well-flowered1597
liliated1643
flowery1667
thistled1745
lilied1796
rosed1823
fleured1841
fleur-de-lised1843
floriated1845
florulent1859
floriate1894
flower-printed1952
1952 R. S. Thomas Acre of Land 31 He cannot read the flower-printed book Of nature.
1970 Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 17 Maxi dress with sash belt, in turquoise flower-printed cotton.
flower room n. a work-room in which flowers are arranged.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > floriculture and flower arranging > [noun] > place for
bloomery1832
flower room1873
1873 Young Englishwoman Nov. 562 A flower room.
1967 M. Summerton Memory of Darkness vii. 95 I retired to the flower room in which Fenton had dumped enough ill-assorted blooms to stock a florist's.
1968 A. Christie By Pricking of my Thumbs vii. 85 ‘A flower room, I shouldn't wonder,’ he said. ‘Where people used to do the flowers. See?’
flower-service n. a church service to which offerings of flowers are brought.
ΚΠ
1884 Family Friend Jan. 2/2 ‘It will do me more good to rest than to go to church.’ ‘But the flower-service!’
1894 (title) Hymns for Flower Services.
flower-shut n. U.S. the time in the evening when flowers close.
ΚΠ
1849 N. P. Willis Rural Lett. 17 Between five in the morning and ‘flower-shut’ I feel as if four walls and a ceiling would stop my breath.
flower spider n. a spider whose coloration resembles that of the flowers among which it lives.
ΚΠ
1879 Trans. S. Afr. Philos. Soc. 1 ii. 40 The ‘Flower Spider’ also assumes deceptive colours, as it hides beneath the petals of a flower, ready to spring forth upon its prey.
flower-stalk n. the peduncle supporting the flower or flower-head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk
stalkc1325
starta1400
tinea1400
petifoot?1440
footling1562
footstalk1562
strig1565
stem1600
tail1613
pedicle1626
pedal1660
pedicel1682
peduncle1702
ray1729
stipes1760
stipe1785
flower-stalk1789
fruit-stalk1796
podium1866
1789 J. Pilkington View Derbyshire I. viii. 415 Three inches of its flowerstalk may be seen above the surface.
flower-water n. distilled water containing the essential oil of flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > specifically
ewrosec1350
stacte1382
oil of rosesa1398
rose watera1398
sandalc1400
musk?a1425
damask water?1520
malabathrum1543
orris1545
civet1553
ambracan1555
rose cake1559
lavender-water1563
oil of spikenard1565
zibet1594
orange-flower water1595
orris powder?1600
spike-oil1611
angel water1634
cypress-powder1634
angelica1653
jasmine1670
jessamy1671
rosat1674
frangipane1676
marechale1676
orangery1676
tuberose1682
jasmine-water1750
otto1759
rose geranium1773
millefleurs1775
new-mown hay1789
attar1798
eau-de-Cologne1802
Cologne1814
dedes1817
eau de Portugal1825
verbena1837
rondeletia1838
bay-rum1840
Florida water1840
citronelle1841
patchouli1843
citronella1849
gardenia1851
sandalwood oil1851
Ess Bouquet1855
marmala water1857
mignonette1858
spikenard oil1861
sandalwood1865
serpolet1866
ylang-ylang1876
flower-water1886
lily1890
lilac1895
stephanotis1895
tea rose1897
chypre1898
Peau d'Espagne1898
violette de Parme1904
poppy1905
Parma violet1907
wallflower1907
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > lotions and liquids
waterOE
maiden milk?a1425
May-dew?a1425
milk of almondsa1425
maidens' milk?c1450
lac Virginis1477
surflingc1555
surfle1593
virgin's milk1600
lotion1606
washa1627
beauty water1675
mercury-water1676
beauty wash1706
Kalydor1824
skin tonic1863
flower-water1886
Limacol1936
moisture lotion1957
toning lotion1960
toner1970
1886 U.S. Consular Rep. No. lxviii. 581 Flower waters are produced by ordinary distillation, in which the flowers are boiled with water in large alembics.
flower-work n. a representation of flowers in weaving, carving, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > flowers
flowerc1230
flourishingc1384
fleuronc1385
rose1415
pansyc1450
columbine1459
lily1459
fleur-de-lis1475
heartseasea1542
honeysuckle1548
flower-work1601
floretry1615
branching1652
fleuret1811
anthemion1816
rosace1823
fleur1841
flowering1862
flowerage1864
millefleurs1908
rosette1931
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 228 Robes ..wrought thick with floure-worke, resembling poppies.
1848 J. H. Parker Rickman's Styles Archit. Eng. (ed. 5) 211 The benches..present in their ends and fronts, combinations of panelling and flower-work.
1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land's End 193 It is a pity..such flower-work [lace] should be so poorly paid.
b.
flower children n.
ΚΠ
1967 Times 13 July 2/6 The term flower children has been given to devotees of mind-expanding drugs in California.
1969 Listener 5 June 793/2 The political innocence of the Hornsey flower children.
1970 Globe Mag. (Toronto) 26 Sept. 14/1 The flower children..arrive by the hundreds to find thousands like themselves sleeping in vacant lots.
flower people n. term applied to the adherents of a sub-group of hippies, so called from their habit of wearing or carrying flowers as symbols of peace and love.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > one outside conventional society > specific group
beat generation1952
flower people1967
hip-hop1982
Goth1986
1967 Guardian 25 July 6/6 Beat-reared, Greenwich-nurtured teenagers are running away..to be flower people.
flower power n. an expression used to describe the beliefs and conventions of this sub-group.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > one outside conventional society > way of life, condition, or domain of
vie de Bohème1888
beatness1951
outsiderishness1956
outsiderliness1957
outsiderdom1958
outsiderhood1958
outsiderism1958
outsiderness1961
flower power1967
hippiedom1967
hippieland1967
boho1979
1967 Listener 3 Aug. 131/3 A new world consisting very largely of the hippies, the flower-power generation.
1967 Time 25 Aug. 38 In came the beautiful people on four motorcycles, right into the ballroom, oozing with flower-power.
1969 N. Cohn Pop from Beginning xxiv. 221 As fads go, Flower Power was less than impressive... London was content mostly to ape California. Everyone wore kaftans and beads and bells. Everyone spoke in hushed tones of San Francisco and Monterey, of acid and Love and the Maharishi.
1971 K. Amis Girl, 20 iv. 152 Just another fun thing and now thing, like these clothes they all wear and theatre in the nude and flower power and environmental art.

Draft additions 1993

flower of an hour n. U.S. a malvaceous plant, Hibiscus trionum, native to southern Europe and Africa but now found on waste ground in North America, and having short-lived white or pale yellow flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Malvaceae (mallows and allies) > [noun] > hibiscus plants
thorny mallow1597
Venice mallow1597
hibiscus1706
flower of an hour1818
mallow rose1840
roselle1840
sabdariffa1866
1818 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) ii. 272 Bladder ketmia, flower of an hour.
1902 F. S. Mathews Field Bk. Amer. Wild Flowers 266 An annual..with handsome..flowers, with a black purplish centre that quickly fade, hence called flower-of-an-hour.
1939 National Geographic Mag. Aug. 229/2 The dainty little flower-of-an-hour..clothes waysides, roadsides, ditches, and waste places.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

flowerv.

Brit. /ˈflaʊə/, U.S. /ˈflaʊər/
Forms: see flower n.; also Middle English flouri (south-eastern).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: flower n.
Etymology: < flower n. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French flurir, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French florir, flourir, Middle French, French fleurir (12th cent. in both literal and figurative uses), classical Latin flōrēre.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
1.
a. intransitive. To bloom or blossom; to come into bloom, produce flowers. Of a flower: To expand, open.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > be a flower or part containing reproductive organ [verb (intransitive)] > open or unfold
spreadc1275
flower13..
unfoldc1350
spanishc1425
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be a flowering plant [verb (intransitive)] > flower or blossom
blossomc890
blowc1000
flower13..
blooma1325
breakc1325
lancec1330
flourishc1386
to break up?a1500
knopa1584
effloresce1775
outbreak1870
13.. K. Alis. 2904 Þe medes floureþ, þe foules syngeþ.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 266 A drie braunche..which anon gan floure and bere.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 270 A rose, Þat flowred and fayled as kynd hit gef.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 168/1 Flowryn.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxxx. 651 The vine flowreth in high and base Germanie..about the beginning of June.
1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 8 in Anat. Plants Plants, which flower all the Year.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 418. ¶8 His Rose-trees, Wood-bines and Jessamines, may flower together.
1842 N. B. Ward Closed Cases Pl. (1852) iii. 51 All these [plants] flowered well.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 128 Olive-groves..where the cyclamen and violet flowered with feathery maiden-hair.
b. figurative. Also with out, into. †to flower off: (of reflexions) to arise spontaneously in the treatment of a subject.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)]
theec888
i-thee971
bloomc1175
flower?c1225
soundfula1300
fructifya1325
timea1325
to bear the bloom1330
flourisha1340
prosperc1350
thrive?a1366
blossom1377
cheve1377
burgeona1382
likec1400
upthrivec1440
avail1523
fadge1573
to bear a great, high or lofty sail1587
blow1610
to be (also stand) in state1638
fatten1638
sagaciate1832
to be going strong1855
the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (intransitive)] > grow > blossom or flourish
flower?c1225
throddena1642
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > advance, progress, or develop [verb (intransitive)] > develop, grow, or prosper
flower1642
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > emerge or present itself
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225
astart1393
becomea1400
emerge1570
bubble1578
to flower off1644
steal1798
to gust up1813
to crop up1844
outcrop1856
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 251 Minflesch is iflured. & bicumen al neowe.
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 306 Your chere floureth, but hit wol not sede.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. O8 Whose drooping phansie never flowred out.
1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 1 If you can accept of these few observations which have flowr'd off.
1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 34/1 The thorny and bitter aloe of dissension required less than a century to flower on the steps of your temple.
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. ix. 106 The mediæval front of the cathedral, where the imagination of a Gothic architect had long ago flowered out indestructibly.
1865 M. C. Harris St. Philip's xxxii It seemed as if earth had suddenly flowered into a paradise.
1865 M. C. Harris St. Philip's xxxvi The evil in him had flowered out into luxurious growth.
1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams ii. i. 146 The germs of those capacities which..have flowered in the noblest and wisest of our race.
c. transitive (causatively). To cause (a plant) to bloom; to bring into blossom or flower.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > bring into flower
flower1850
1850 Florist Mar. 66 They winter better in the pots they were flowered in.
1887 S. Baring-Gould Golden Feather xii Azaleas which were..put under glass and flowered.
2. transferred. Of beer and wine:
a. To froth, mantle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [verb (intransitive)] > sparkle or froth
flowera1382
sparkle1671
smile1699
knit1743
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiii. 31 Ne beholde..the win, whan it floureth.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 552/2 This ale floureth better in a good drinkers eye.
1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. D2v All Niniuie hath not such a cup of Ale, it floures in the cup.
1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 22 It makes beer to mantle, flower, and smile at you.
1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 187 If a little wheat-bran is boiled in our ordinary beer, it will cause it to mantle or flower in the cup, when it is poured out.
b. To become turbid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [verb (intransitive)] > become turbid
flower1682
the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [verb (transitive)] > flavour
gum1419
ginger1673
flower1682
1682 Art & Myst. of Vintners 72 Rack it [sc. sack] into another Cask, and it will not then flower nor be ill-conditioned.
c. transitive. To spice (wine). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > season with spice
powder?c1335
spice1377
bespice1593
flower1682
1682 Art & Myst. of Vintners 14 To flower a Butt of Muskadine.
3. intransitive. To be in or attain the ‘flower’ or height of one's beauty, fame, or prosperity (also with up); to prosper, be distinguished; to thrive or be distinguished in, of or with (a specified thing); to abound; = flourish v. 3, 4. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > in some respect
flower1340
flourishc1380
reign?c1500
riot1743
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > prime > [verb (intransitive)]
flower1340
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)]
flowc1000
flower1340
abounda1350
redounda1382
swarm1399
walm1399
bound1568
pour1574
gush1577
exuberate1623
pullulate1641
hotter1860
resonate1955
the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > at a certain time
reigna1450
flowera1513
flourish1654
fl1879
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Ase ine yere þet wel floureþ ine guode.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. v. 131 Forto dwellen in hys Citee and flouren of rychesses.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. viii. 12 b While he floured in his worthines He toke a wyfe of excellent fayrenes.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iv. 8 Flouryng up in her tender age This sayd Isis so pleasaunt was and mete.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxl. f. lxxiiiv In this tyme Flowryd Hermafreditus.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. iii. sig. a.viii This Redwalde had .ii. sones flourynge in chyualrye.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xi. sig. Eiijv That noble clerke of Almaine, which late floured, called Agricola.
4. transitive. To adorn or cover with or as with flowers or a flower; to decorate; to serve as a decoration for. Also with over. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1548/2 He..floured the top of the castell of Dublin with the archrebels head.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 290 The Chambers are flowerd with coloured Marbles, and garnished.
1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 11 Christ, who perfumeth and flowereth heaven with his royal presence.
c1650 Robin Hood & Three Squires 66 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 18 Thou shalt be the first man shall flower this gallow tree.
1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 161 Its thick foliage..is flowered over with large milk-white fragrant blossoms.
5.
a. To embellish with figures of flowers or a floral design; to work flowers upon.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > flowers
branch1590
flower16..
16.. Young Tam Lane iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I. ii. 352/1 I'll away to Carterhaugh, And flower mysell the gown.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iii. 61 The Pelongs and Gaws, are..either plain or flower'd.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xix. 43 Mrs. Jervis shew'd my Master the Waistcoat I am flowering for him.
1838 Miss Mitford in Tait's Edinb. Mag. 5 165 The form of a heather sprig suggested an apron that she was flowering.
1857 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 377 Ann flowered me a most lovely collar.
figurative and in extended use.1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 20 The frost flowers the whiten'd window panes.1882 R. D. Blackmore Christowell I. iv. 37 Many sweet beauties..flower the skirts of the desolate moor.
b. intransitive. Of silver alloyed for use as coin: To assume the appearance of being marked with figures of flowers. See flowered adj. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > coining > undergo coining [verb (intransitive)] > assume specific appearance (of metal)
flower1727
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xxxvi. 42 Rupee Silver..will bear twenty-eight per cent. of Copper-alloy..and if it flowers, it passes current.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

ˈflower
ˈflower n. /fləʊə(r)/ Metallurgy a flow-gate (see flow n.1 Compounds 2).
ΚΠ
1881 C. Wylie Iron Founding 50 The use of flo'ers or gates.
1881 C. Wylie Iron Founding 66 According to the thickness of the part so should the size of the flow'er be.
extracted from flowv.
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n.c1200v.?c1225
as lemmas
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