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单词 flood
释义

floodn.

Brit. /flʌd/, U.S. /fləd/
Forms: Old English flód, Middle English–1500s flod(e, Middle English flodd, fludd, Middle English southern vlod(e, Middle English–1500s floode, flude, (Middle English flowede, flowyd, fluyd, floth), Middle English–1600s flud, 1500s flodde, floud(d)e, fludde, 1500s–1600s floud, Scottish fluid, Middle English– flood.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English flód strong masculine and neuter = Old Frisian and Old Saxon flôd (masculine), feminine and neuter (Middle Dutch vloet , Dutch vloed ) = Old High German fluot (feminine) (Middle High German vluot masculine and feminine, German flut feminine), Old Norse flôð neuter, Gothic flôdus feminine < Germanic *flôðu(z < pre-Germanic plōtús , < Aryan verbal stem *plō , whence flow v. The primary sense, in accordance with the original function of the suffix -tu, is ‘action of flowing’, though the concrete uses are found in all Germanic languages. For the abnormal development of the vowel in modern English compare blood n.
1. The flowing in of the tide. Often in phrases, ebb and flood, †tide of flood; also quarter flood, half flood, full flood, top of flood. Cf. young flood n. at young adj. and n.1 Compounds 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > ebb and flow
ebb and flooda1000
tidea1500
recourse1549
flux and reflux1612
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high
main floodc1303
full flooda1375
full sea1390
high water1422
full water1498
full tide1538
high tide1546
tide1570
headwater1594
young flood1611
pleni-tide1617
top of flood1867
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > newly-flowing
flood1559
young flood1611
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1031 Whenne þæt flod byþ ealra hehst & ealra fullost.
a1000 Battle of Maldon 65 Þar com flowende flod æfter ebban.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 177 For swiche flode, and for swich ebbinge þe prophete nemmeð þis woreld se.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 20 Heo..wende uorþ with god wynd & wel dryuyng flode.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2745 At þe fulle flod þei ferden to sayle.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. iii. 47 For Swlway was at þare passyng All Eb, þat þai fand þan on Flud.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xcii. 114 They cast anker and abode the fludde.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 47 Flood is when the water beginneth to rise, which is young flood as we call it, then quarter flood, halfe flood, full Sea, still water, or high water.
1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 323 The fish enter with the tide of flood.
1858 Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 175 The flood runs 3 hours.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) Top of flood or high-water.
figurative.c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 77 Ebbe after floode of al prosperite.1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Duke of Glocester f. ix Whan Fortunes flud ran with full streame.a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 271 There is a Tide in the affayres of men, Which taken at the Flood, leades on to Fortune. View more context for this quotation1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs Pref. The empire..was at the highest flood of humane prosperity.1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 143 It seldom happens, but that a flood of words have an ebb of sense.a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. iii. 178 The flood of material prosperity had fairly set in.
2. A body of flowing water; a river, stream, usually, a large river. Obsolete exc. poetic. †against the flood: against the stream.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river
floodc825
streamc875
eaeOE
water streamOE
flumec1175
fleamc1300
riverc1300
currentc1380
reea1500
ford1563
fluent1598
draught1601
nymph1605
amnic1623
flux1637
nullah1656
R1692
currency1758
silent highway1841
c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxix [lxxx]. 12 Ðu aðenedes..oð flod [L. flumen] setene his.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis ii. 10 Þæt flod eode of stowe þære winsumnisse.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10612 O ȝonnd hallf flod wass sannt iohan. Bapptisste forr to fullhtnenn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5624 Þe kings doghter plaiand yod And sagh þe vessel on þe flodd.
c1485 Digby Myst. v. 491 I wyll no more row a-geyn the fflode.
1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes xii. 15 A flod called the Thames.
1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 3v, in 2nd Pt. Herball The bathes of Baden..are betwene the famous flode the Rene and the black or martian wood.
1605 T. Sparke Brotherly Perswasion (1607) 59 The water of the flood Iordan.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iv. 407 Ev'ry..hollow Rock, that o'er the dimpling Flood Nods pendant.
1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone ii. 37 She will to her peaceful woods Return, and to her murmuring floods.
figurative and in extended use.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 He dranc of deðes flode.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 247 Drinke of the ulode of þine zuetnesse.
3. In wider sense: Water as opposed to land, often contrasted with field and fire. Also plural: cf. waters. Now poetic or rhetorical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > [noun]
watereOE
streamc950
floodOE
water floodc1175
wave1590
open water1790
OE Genesis 204 Cynn, ða ðe flod wecceð geond hronrode.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14817 Swa þatt te king wiþþ all hiss ferd. Wass drunncnedd unnderr flodess.
c1325 Metr. Hom. 135 Schip fletes on the flode.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13323 ‘Petre’ he said, ‘þou has ben god Fissar hiddir-til on flod’.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aviv The roy..socht to the ciete of criste our the salt flude.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 5 Thorough flood, thorough fire: I do wander euery where. View more context for this quotation
a1668 W. Davenant Distresses iv. i, in Wks. (1673) iii. 55/1 Those..cold and slippery Creatures that Possess the restless Flood.
1788 W. Cowper Morning Dream 25 Thus swiftly dividing the flood, To a slave-cultured island we came.
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms i. 42 My spirit..Looks down on the far-off Flood.
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iv The accidents of flood and field were discussed. [After Shakespeare Othello i. iii. 134.]
figurative.a1711 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. vi. 167 The Floods of Joy celestial gently roll, Wave after Wave.
4.
a. An overflowing or irruption of a great body of water over land not usually submerged; an inundation, a deluge. in flood, †on (a) flood: (of a river, etc.) overflowing its banks; (of land) in an inundated condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun]
streamc950
water floodOE
floodc1000
waterOE
diluvya1325
waterganga1325
flowinga1340
delugec1374
diluvec1386
Noah's floodc1390
overflowing1430
inundation1432
flowa1450
surrounding1449
over-drowninga1500
spate1513
float1523
drowning1539
ravine1545
alluvion1550
surundacion1552
watershot1567
overflow1589
ravage1611
inunding1628
surroundera1642
water breach1669
flooding1799
debacle1802
diluviation1816
deluging1824
superflux1830
whelm1842
come1862
floodage1862
sheet-flood1897
flash flooding1939
flash-flood1940
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > in flood [phrase] > flooded
on (a) floodc1374
on (a) float1523
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > in flood [phrase]
on (a) float1523
in flood1874
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 25 Þa com þær ren, & mycele flod.
1125 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1125 On ðes ilces geares wearð swa micel flod..þæt feola tunes & men weorðan adrencte.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 591 Campsall MS. (640) Syn it ron, and al was on a flode.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1042 Þis paradis es sett sua hei, þat moght neuer flod ani þar nei.
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 283 For bering of the Kingis treis that the flude hed away.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 441 By sudden floud, and fall of water, The Duke of Buckinghams armie is disperst. View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 8 Great Rivers, which..in times of Floods brought down with them abundance of Earth.
1781 W. Cowper Charity 282 Shipwreck..fire, and flood, Are mighty mischiefs.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xi. 78 On one occasion, when the floods were out, he exposed his life to imminent risk.
1874 Froude in S. Afr. Notes 13–19 Dec. The rivers in the colony are reported to be in flood.
figurative and in extended use.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 61 Of an drope waxeð an muche flod & adrencheð þe saule.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 198 Alas, my hart is all on flood.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 75 With his eyes in flood with laughter. View more context for this quotation1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 68 His passions all in flood And masters of his motion.1883 Macfadyen in Congregational Year Bk. 39 Floods of unbelief and carelessness have overspread the land.
b. the flood: the great deluge recorded in the book of Genesis as occurring in the time of Noah; hence often Noah's flood; also, the great, general or universal flood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > Biblical
Noah's floodOE
the floodOE
diluvya1325
delugec1386
diluvec1386
sin-flood1550
cataclysm1637
Noachian deluge1711
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > the flood
Noah's floodOE
the floodOE
Yore-flood1876
OE Beowulf 1689 Flod ofsloh..giganta cyn.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 27 Flod com and ealle forspilde.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 93 Hit itimode efter noes flode.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xiv. iv. 697 Ararat is þe hiȝest hille of Armenye. Þerinne þe shippe restede aftir þe flode.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xxxvi Euery flesshe had corrupte his wey, and þer fore folowed þe gret flode.
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 32 b The vniuersall deluge or floudde.
c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) i. vii. 27 Thre hundred yeres after the generall flood.
1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 202 If your ancient but ignoble blood Has crept thro' Scoundrels ever since the Flood.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 199 You would have sworn..He had fished in the flood with Ham and Shem!
c. Deucalion's flood n. a great deluge said, in Greek mythology, to have occurred in Thessaly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > ancient or classical
Deucalion's flood1653
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 12 Some say, it [Angling] is as ancient as Deucalions Floud . View more context for this quotation
5.
a. A profuse and violent outpouring of water; a swollen stream, a torrent; a violent downpour of rain, threatening an inundation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > torrent
floodc1275
floodgatea1425
waterfall1578
torrent1609
torrent-stream1728
rattle1770
lavant1774
fiumara1820
torrent-flood1825
skookum chuck1888
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour
floodc1275
spate1513
spout1554
gourder1565
squata1640
downpouring1669
deluge1720
pash1722
plout1740
on-ding1776
pelt1785
soaker1789
pelter1791
teem1793
pour1794
oncome1808
downpour1811
plash1820
slashing1829
plungec1841
dispunging1876
steeper1878
splurge1879
soak1891
drencher1892
toad-strangler1938
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1943 From heouene her com a sulcuð flod þre dæȝes hit rinde blod.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xii. sig. Ti A lande flode runnynge downe of a mountayne after a storme.
1611 Bible (King James) Rev. xii. 15 The serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood . View more context for this quotation
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xxii. 369 The melting of the snows in the mountains brought a flood down the Segre.
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall (at cited word) It's raining a flood.
b. transferred in various uses: Applied e.g. to a profuse burst of tears, a copious outpouring of flame or light, a torrent of lava, an overwhelming concourse or influx of persons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [noun] > copious or continuous > instance of
streamc900
wellOE
outstreaminga1398
flood1589
profluvium1603
shower1656
gush1704
outgushing1823
outgush1835
outwelling1852
out-flood1859
society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > continuous stream of people > overwhelming
flood1589
the world > matter > light > [noun] > flood or diffusion beyond focus
flood1860
spill1952
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 214 I haue heard of the flouds of teares.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 42 You see this confluence, this great flood of visitors. View more context for this quotation
1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 40 Tow'rs and Temples sink in Floods of Fire.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiv. 382 Miss Bolo..went straight home in a flood of tears, and a sedan chair.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 12 Floods of golden light were poured down the sides of the mountain.
c. figurative in various applications.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > superabundance
flood1340
overabundancea1382
abundancec1384
excessa1387
superfluitya1387
surcarka1400
superabundance?a1475
superfluencea1477
abundancy?1526
superfluousnessa1540
pleurisya1550
inundation1589
exsuperance1603
plethory1606
overplus1609
exuberancy1611
redoundancy1623
superabundancy1628
exsuperancy1638
exuberance1638
floodings1674
plethora1700
embarrassment1815
profligacy1834
overfullness1884
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > profuseness, luxuriousness, or lushness > a profusion or lavish abundance > viewed as flowing or falling
stream971
flood1340
affluencec1390
showera1425
spatec1425
delugec1430
rain1590
spring tide1592
cataract?1614
flux1678
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 247 Huanne god ssel do come ope his urendes ane ulod of pays.
c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4856 What flodes thurgh thyn hert ran of trewest sorow and wepyng.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 214 I haue heard of..the flouds of eloquence, or of any thing that may resemble the nature of a water-course.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 206 Let me not stirre you vp To such a sodaine Flood of Mutiny. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 324 The Flood of Joy in my Breast.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) x. 241 A preacher who..poured forth what was in him in floods of fiery words.
1894 H. H. Gibbs Colloquy on Currency (ed. 3) 73 How do we know that there will be a flood of silver rather than of gold?
†6. plural = flooding n. 2.
ΚΠ
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxxii. 97 Others that have the good fortune of..being delivered, escape by means of their Floods.
1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in mod. Dicts.
7. Usually in plural, colloquial abbreviation of flood-lamp, flood-light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > floodlight
flood-lamp1916
flood-light1924
flood1930
1930 Punch 19 Feb. 198/2 Spool is the dramatic society's honorary electrician. His conversation was full of floods, floats, spots, battens, and dimmers.
1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage i. 14 The up-stage O.P. flood isn't properly masked.
1967 Punch 16 Aug. 242/3 For Figaro and Verdi's Macbeth at the first [Edinburgh] festival twenty-one years ago, John Christie had to bring in a lighting bridge and sixty floods and perches from Glyndebourne.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
flood-stream n.
ΚΠ
1858 Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 366 The flood stream..sets E. by N.
flood-wave n.
ΚΠ
1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 157 Driving the water against both banks like a flood wave.
b. (In sense 2.)
† flood crab n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > fresh-water crab
flood crabc1420
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 862 Floode crabbes here & ther to crucifie He seth, is goode.
† flood gravel n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > gravel or shingle > gravel > type of
flood gravelc1420
river gravel1600
blue metal1699
slither1811
flint-gravel1865
plateau gravel1872
duck-gravel1885
peastone1909
pea gravel1911
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 368 Floode gravel is goode for coveryng.
c. (In sense 3.).
flood-bickerer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun]
shipc725
beamOE
boardOE
bargea1300
steera1300
vessela1300
treea1382
loomc1400
man1473
ark1477
bottom1490
keela1547
riverboat1565
craft1578
pine1592
class1596
flood-bickerer1599
pitchboard1599
stern-bearer1599
wooden horse1599
wooden isle1603
water treader?1615
water house1616
watercraft1618
machine1637
prore1642
lightman1666
embarkation1690
bark1756
prowa1771
Mudian1813
bastiment1823
hooker1823
nymph1876
M.F.V.1948
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 32 A..hoast of vnfatigable flud bickerers and foame-curbers.
d. (In sense 4a.)
flood-bank n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > embankment or dam > [noun]
wharf1038
causeyc1330
wall1330
bulwark1555
scut1561
weir1599
mound1613
staithe1613
breastwork1641
embankment1786
bund1813
sheath1850
fleet-dyke1858
sheathing1867
causeway1878
flood-bank1928
stopbank1950
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 31 Aug. 178/3 The building of floodbanks, or levees, along the river banks.
1945 Finito! Po Valley Campaign 23 A battalion fought its way to the near floodbank.
flood control n.
ΚΠ
1943 J. S. Huxley TVA iii. 22 Power as a by-product of flood control.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 116 The whole system has recently been modified by flood-control works.
flood-dam n.
ΚΠ
1879 Lumberman's Gaz. 11 June 5 They plan to build a flood-dam.
flood-discharge n.
ΚΠ
1878 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 245/1 The flood discharge of the Polar River.
flood-sluice n.
ΚΠ
1791 W. Jessop Rep. River Witham 14 Flood-sluices.
flood-water n.
ΚΠ
1791 W. Jessop Rep. River Witham 11 Regulate the passage of Flood waters.
1893 G. D. Leslie Lett. to Marco xxii. 144 The gulls..settled on the meadow by the flood-water.
e. (In sense 4b.)
flood-tradition n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > transmitted from one generation to another > folklore or folk culture > specific tradition
flood-tradition1865
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > legend or folk tale > [noun] > types of legend or folk tale
Ossianism1820
flood-tradition1865
aretalogy1912
1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind xi. 324 The flood-traditions of remote regions of the world.
f.
flood-beat adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective] > sea-lashed
sea-beat1579
flood-beatc1602
sea-washed1764
sea-beaten1793
tortured1815
c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies ii. xvii. sig. D3v Floud-beate Cithera.
flood-compelling adj.
ΚΠ
1736 J. Thomson Prospect: 5th Pt. Liberty 473 The flood-compelling Arch.
flood-like adj.
ΚΠ
1855 H. Clarke New Dict. Eng. Lang. Flood-like.
C2. Special combinations. Also floodgate n., flood-tide n.
flood-anchor n. ‘that which the ship rides by during the flood-tide’ (Adm. Smyth).
ΚΠ
1844 Dict. Trade at Anchor The flood anchor.
flood-arch n. an arch of a bridge under which the water flows in time of flood.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > parts of
pierlOE
bridge foota1450
heada1450
staddling1461
foota1500
bridge end1515
jowel1516
causey1523
starling?c1684
rib1735
spur1736
icebreaker1744
jetty1772
cutwater1776
roadway1798
sleeper1823
water-breaker1823
centrya1834
stem1835
suspension-tower1842
cantilever1850
semi-beam1850
pylon1851
half-chess1853
span1862
sway-bracing1864
needle-beam1867
ice apron1871
newel1882
flood-arch1891
needle girder1898
sway-brace1909
trough flooring1911
1891 A. J. Foster Ouse 135 The bridge..with its long line of flood arches crossing the meadows.
flood-boards n. boards fitted together so as to keep out a flood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person > boards to protect from floods
flood-boards1869
tide-board1904
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. i. 5 His place it is to stand at the gate, attending to the flood-boards grooved into one another.
flood-bridge n. a bridge for use in flood-time.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > bridge for use in flood-time
flood-bridge1741
1741 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. The repairs of the flood-bridge.
flood-drift n. sticks, etc. brought down by a flood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > material washed down by
flood-wood1822
flood-drift1869
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. viii. 94 I..lay down..with..some flood-drift combing over me.
flood-flanking n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 886/2 Flood-flanking (Hydraulic Engin.), a mode of embanking with stiff moist clay.
flood-lamp n. = flood-light n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > floodlight
flood-lamp1916
flood-light1924
flood1930
1916 Amer. Year Bk. 563 The line of demarcation between search-lamps and so-called ‘flood lamps’ is a narrow one.
1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iv. 43 Lighting towers..each capable of carrying a dozen 1000-watt flood lamps to supplement the battens overhead in lighting the scene.
1957 Economist 21 Sept. 912/2 The officious display of security, the floodlamps and police dogs that surrounded the campaign train might have been better avoided.
flood-land n. land covered by water in time of flood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded
holm?c1050
wash-land1794
callow1823
khadar1828
flood-plain1873
flood-landa1881
berm1891
várzea1911
toich1948
a1881 Rossetti Spring The drained flood-lands flaunt their marigold.
flood-light v. (transitive) to illuminate by means of flood-lights.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [verb (transitive)] > illuminate with specific types of electric light
searchlight1900
spotlight1913
strip light1920
flood-light1923
1923 M. Luckiesh Light & Color 256 Tall or isolated buildings are particularly attractive when flood-lighted.
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station ix. 131 By flood-lighting the sky with flares placed on the tops of balloons.
flood-light n. a light providing a beam of intense illumination; the illumination so provided; also attributive and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > floodlight
flood-lamp1916
flood-light1924
flood1930
1924 J. F. Hobart Tulley's Handbk. (ed. 7) III. 814 Another means of illumination is by floodlights which are mounted at a distance from the space to be lighted.
1925 A. E. Newton Greatest Bk. in World 82 From either side of the proscenium arch two flood-lights played upon the actors.
1925 F. E. Cady & H. B. Dates Illuminating Engin. 410 The light may be projected from flood-light projectors.
1928 Daily Tel. 29 May 10/5 From thirty flood-light projectors the Royal Pavilion was bathed in amber, red, and green.
1930 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 29 Mar. 7/1 It would be useless to turn a ‘flood-light’ on to any article which cannot stand this searching test.
1930 Airway Age XI. 381/1 In addition to..green and white boundary and approach lights, each hangar is equipped with obstacle and flood lights.
flood-lighting n. the action of illuminating with flood-lights; also, flood-lights collectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > floodlight > illumination by
flood-lighting1917
1917 Electr. News 26, 48 A Resumé of Flood-lighting.
1923 J. W. T. Walsh Elem. Princ. Lighting 188 The illumination of open spaces..may often be carried out satisfactorily by a floodlighting equipment.
1927 M. Borden Flamingo ii. ii It was, of course, most beautiful at night against the dark, when Peter's flood-lighting streamed over it to make it translucent as ice.
1955 Times 2 June 3/4 In view of the need to conserve fuel in the emergency, the Ministry of Works have discontinued the floodlighting of public buildings in London.
flood-lit adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [adjective] > lit by a floodlight
flood-lit1928
1928 Daily Express 6 Aug. 15/1 Its walls, brilliantly flood-lit,..are made almost entirely of sheets of glass.
1934 H. Nicolson Curzon: Last Phase 40 The flood-lit self-righteousness, the timid imprecisions, the appalling amateurishness of democratic diplomacy.
1958 W. T. O'Dea Social Hist. Lighting vii. 175 The floodlit office building or factory is an advertisement.
flood-loam n. = alluvium n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [noun]
siltc1440
warpingc1440
slitch?a1475
sleech1587
alluvium1665
sediment1685
sullage1691
warp1698
wash1707
washing1707
alluvion1731
silting1739
warp land1794
alluvial1818
siltage1876
flood-loam1880
putty1883
1880 J. Geikie Prehist. Europe 22 The ancient löss or flood-loam of the Meuse.
flood-mark n. the high-water mark.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high > mark
sea-mark1485
high-water mark1553
watermark1577
flood-mark1622
tide-mark1799
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 167 Things found vpon the Seas, or within the flood-mark.
1808 W. Scott Marmion ii. ix. 86 The tide did now its flood-mark gain.
1903 Daily Chron. 8 Jan. 5/2 The floods..call attention to the little interest that is taken by local authorities as regards erecting flood-marks.
flood-plain n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded
holm?c1050
wash-land1794
callow1823
khadar1828
flood-plain1873
flood-landa1881
berm1891
várzea1911
toich1948
1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xxx. 656 West of the ‘Buckskin’ was a singular flood plain some six miles wide.
1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. iii. ii. xi. §3. 383 The level tracts or flood-plain over which a river spreads in flood.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 104 The local rise in the water table intensified solution and so produced in the flood plain very striking karstic forms.
1971 National Geographic Sept. 407 These are but puddles compared to the deluges that once ripped across the lower Missouri's flood-plain.
flood-way n. (a) a piece of flooded road or path; (b) a channel constructed for the purpose of taking the flood-waters of a river.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > flooded part
flood-way1889
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water > for overflow of river
flood-way1889
1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 108 Near Tewkesbury and Upton there was a nasty bit of flood-way.
1915 E. Pound Cathay 25 The heart turns to travel so that he then thinks On flood-ways to be far departing.
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 31 Aug. 178/3 The construction of a ‘floodway’ leaving the main stream [of the Mississippi] at Bird Point, near Cairo.
flood-wheel n. a waterwheel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > driven by water
waterwheel1408
flood-wheel1515
breast wheel1744
overshot1760
undershot wheel1760
breast-shot1775
bucket-wheel1797
tub-wheel1815
flutter-wheel1817
danaide1825
wheel1842
reaction waterwheel1847
reaction wheel1852
tide-wheel1864
hurdy-gurdy1868
stream-wheel1875
paddle wheela1884
Pelton1885
turbine-pump1900
1515 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (1866) (modernized text) III. 564/1 1 pr. flode wheels 7/.
† flood-womb n. Obsolete the river bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > river-bed
flood-womba1382
bottomc1400
river bottom1662
pole ground1773
riverbed1781
torrent-bed1867
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xix. 7 Nakened shal be the flod wombe, and the ryueres fro ther welle.
flood-wood n. pieces of wood brought down by a flood; also transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > material washed down by
flood-wood1822
flood-drift1869
1822 Massachusetts Spy 6 Feb. There are two short carrying places in this distance, occasioned by flood-wood.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. x. 111 Between two bars, where a fog was of rushes, and flood-wood.

Draft additions September 2013

flood defence n.
ΚΠ
1884 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 24 Feb. 2/1 A party of ladies and gentlemen..were given an excellent opportunity to view the flood defenses of Cairo in their entirety.
1965 W. E. Jackson Achievem. xii. 136 The Council had power to require owners of controlled premises to repair or reconstruct the flood defences.
2007 Daily Tel. 2 July 11/6 Instead of spending money on walls and other flood defences, the Environment Agency..should be insisting on the retention of water meadows.
flood damage n.
ΚΠ
1867 Morning Post 18 Oct. 8/3 An increase in the working expenses..caused partly by repairing flood damage.
1928 Burlington Mag. June 308/1 (heading) Flood damage at the Tate gallery.
2007 J. W. Hall et al. in C. R. Thorne & E. P. Evans Future Flooding & Coastal Erosion Risks xiii. 211 The..flood defences in England and Wales protect areas most at risk from severe flood damage.
flood warning n.
ΚΠ
1878 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 Dec. 934/1 The system of flood-warnings in operation in Paris and Lyons.
1955 E. Tarry Third Door xi. 166 The roads were almost deserted because of the flood warnings which had been posted.
2008 Independent 10 Mar. 5/2 Minute by minute the Environment Agency was increasing the number of flood warnings in England and Wales with 23 flood warnings—seven severe.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

floodv.

Brit. /flʌd/, U.S. /fləd/
Etymology: < flood n. Compare earlier flede v.
1.
a. transitive. To cover with a flood; to inundate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)]
overruneOE
overflowOE
surround1444
overfleeta1460
infounder1505
overfloat1601
inund1628
deluge1649
inound1657
flood1663
to set on float1692
overflood?1784
inundate1791
float1794
freshet1865
the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > make very wet [verb (transitive)] > flood
overflowOE
flood1663
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > apply in excess > overwhelm with excessive amount
plaster1546
inundate1623
deluge1654
overwhelm1806
flood1882
society > trade and finance > trading conditions > [verb (transitive)] > flood market
saturate1827
flood1936
1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 479 The streets in Oxon were all flouded with water.
1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima 2 It floods the Out-Skirts of the Town.
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. xi. i. 451 The rainy season set in; the whole plain was flooded.
figurative and in extended use.1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 1 The sunshine floods the sky and ocean.1855 A. P. Stanley Hist. Memorials Canterbury (1857) iii. 120 Flooding the hedgeless plains..the army..rolled along.1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 484 The bookstalls were flooded with Puritan pamphlets.1894 H. H. Gibbs Colloquy on Currency (ed. 3) 72 We shall be flooded with silver and all gold will go out of circulation.1936 Discovery Oct. 320/2 Foreign pins still continued to flood the English market.1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 265 The presence of large armies..flooded the country with money.1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) iv. 75 Where shall I be when rationing ends, and beef begins flooding the market?
†b. To duck (a person) in the river. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [verb (transitive)] > punish by ducking
flood?14..
cuck1611
duck1751
horse-pond1757
?14.. Symmie & his Bruther xi, in Laing Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1822) All þe laddes cryd with a lairrum To flud him & to flyr him.
2. To cover or fill with water; to irrigate (grass land); to deluge (a burning house, mine, etc.) with water. Also of rain, etc.: To fill (a river) to overflowing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > water > put water into [verb (transitive)] > cover or fill with water
watereOE
flowa1382
submerge1611
flood1831
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] > fill to overflowing
flood1831
the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > make wet [verb (transitive)] > cover or suffuse > with water
flood1831
overwater1890
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] > by water
float1729
dash off, out1786
flood1883
the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > make very wet [verb (transitive)] > flood > a burning house, mine, etc.
flood1883
1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §2207 Flooding and warping are modes of irrigation, the former for manuring grass lands.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 364 On the arena of the circus or amphitheatre temporarily flooded.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect ii. iii. 563 A violent storm has flooded the rivers.
1883 Manch. Examiner 24 Oct. 4/6 It was decided yesterday..to flood the..Colliery.
3.
a. To pour (away, back, out) in a flood. In quots. figurative. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > pour abundantly
rineeOE
pourc1330
streama1425
gush1530
troll1573
flood1829
1829 A. W. Fonblanque in Examiner 23 Aug. 529/2 He floods away his sorrows in private.
1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire IV. xl. 528 The lifeblood of the provinces is flooded back upon Paris.
1888 ‘W. Châteauclair’ Young Seigneur 28 The merry girl left me to flood out her spirits on a friend.
b. To drive out by floods.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] > drive out by floods
flood1910
1910 Westm. Gaz. 21 June 8/3 The flooded-out attendants.
4. intransitive.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. Of rain: To fall in ‘torrents’, rare.
Thesaurus »
b. To come in ‘floods’ or great quantities; also with in. literal and figurative.
c. Of a river: To overflow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)] > river
flow1495
disbank1660
flood1755
spate1853
to burst its banks1860
1755 L. Evans Middle Brit. Col. 30 If it floods early, it scarce retires within its Banks in a Month.
1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (ed. 4) 14 Though raves the gust, and floods the rain.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm x. 268 Discourses, and reports, and tracts, that are..flooding from the religious press.
1855 A. H. Clough Struggle in Crayon Aug. 71 Far back through creeks and inlets making, Comes silent, flooding-in, the main.
1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 18 Thoughts..flood in upon us.
d. To become flooded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)] > become flooded
flood1908
1908 Daily Report 24 Aug. 9/1 A carburettor which persistently floods is not uncommon.
1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) 13 A persistant tendency to flood..due to a punctured float.
5. To suffer from uterine hæmorrhage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (intransitive)] > bleed > from uterus
flood1771
spot1894
1771 W. Hewson in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 404 To give women, who are flooding, considerable quantities of port wine.

Derivatives

ˈflooding adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adjective] > flooding or overflowing
delavya1400
floating1578
swimmingc1595
overfloten1601
gulf-eating?1611
overflowing1611
overrunning1611
tideful1622
inundant1629
diluvial1656
exuberant1678
diluviana1684
overflown1818
deluging1824
deluginous1835
insurgent1849
flooding1850
overstreaming1860
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > flowing abundantly
pouring1577
streaming1579
fluenta1592
affluent1704
gushingc1709
flooding1850
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > of blood > bleeding > from uterus
metrorrhagic1857
flooding1891
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. liii. sig. R6v They..power a plenty on the generall world..Surely, wee nickname this same floudding man, when wee call him by the name of Braue.
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 179 By the flow Of flooding Nile.
1891 Galabin Midwifery (ed. 2) 731 Certain women have a constitutional proclivity to flooding..and have been described as ‘flooders’.
ˈflooder n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > providing with an excess of something > one who
flooder1871
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood > from uterus > person
flooder1871
1871 Daily News 30 June They flooded the constituency with money..and the result was that the honourable flooder was sent to what is called another place.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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