focalizationn.

Brit.

/ˌfəʊkəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌfəʊkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌfoʊkələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌfoʊkəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: see focalize v. and -ation suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: focalize v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < focalize v. + -ation suffix. In sense 2 after French focalisation (1972 in G. Genette Figures III 209).

1. The action, process, or result of focalize v. (in various senses); an instance of this. Now chiefly in technical use.

ΚΠ

1842 Sat. Mag. 8 Oct. 140/2 If the focalization takes place either a little in front, or a little behind the retina, imperfect vision is the result.

1887 Sci. Amer. 23 Apr. 261/2 Focalization in the eye was accomplished by a most wonderful condition, that of flexibility in the crystalline lens.

1893 Advance (Chicago) 24 Aug. 634/1 Such a focalization of all-around information on any one subject has rarely ever been witnessed.

1906 Practitioner Nov. 590 Focalisation of the infection in the liver, with disturbance of its detoxicating mechanism.

1951 H. A. Murray in T. Parsons & E. A. Shils Toward Gen. Theory Action iv. iii. 452 The focalizations and reëvaluations that occur in the mind of a hungry man.

1959 S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry I. i. iv. 103 A need is a general disposition which commonly becomes associated (through ‘focalization’, or ‘canalization’, as Murphy would say) with a number of specific entities.

2016 Epilepsy & Behav. 54 27/1 There is a large body of literature exploring the way that focal seizures spread and become generalized, but..relatively little work has focused on the reverse process of focalization of generalized discharges.

2. Literary Criticism. The limited point of view from which the events of a story are narrated. Often with preceding adjective describing the kind of perspective from which events are witnessed, as external focalization, internal focalization, etc.The term is associated with the work of Gérard Genette (b. 1930), French literary theorist (see etymology).

ΚΠ

1974 Centrum Fall 50 [Genette's] three varieties of internal focalization become Friedman's ‘omniscience’, ‘selected omniscience’, and ‘multiple selective omniscience’.

1981 Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea 6 64 Considering the term ‘point of view’ excessively abstract, Genette adopts the term focalisation..to identify three possible foci of narration.

1990 D. Baguley Naturalist Fiction 175 ‘External focalization’ (what the character sees) tends to develop into ‘internal focalization’, a presentation of the character's inner thoughts.

2015 Oxf. Dict. Lit. Terms (ed. 4) (at cited word) The nature of a given narrative's focalization is to be distinguished from its narrative ‘voice’, as seeing is from speaking.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	focalization
释义	focalizationn. Brit. /ˌfəʊkəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌfəʊkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌfoʊkələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌfoʊkəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: see focalize v. and -ation suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: focalize v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < focalize v. + -ation suffix. In sense 2 after French focalisation (1972 in G. Genette Figures III 209). 1. The action, process, or result of focalize v. (in various senses); an instance of this. Now chiefly in technical use. ΚΠ 1842 Sat. Mag. 8 Oct. 140/2 If the focalization takes place either a little in front, or a little behind the retina, imperfect vision is the result. 1887 Sci. Amer. 23 Apr. 261/2 Focalization in the eye was accomplished by a most wonderful condition, that of flexibility in the crystalline lens. 1893 Advance (Chicago) 24 Aug. 634/1 Such a focalization of all-around information on any one subject has rarely ever been witnessed. 1906 Practitioner Nov. 590 Focalisation of the infection in the liver, with disturbance of its detoxicating mechanism. 1951 H. A. Murray in T. Parsons & E. A. Shils Toward Gen. Theory Action iv. iii. 452 The focalizations and reëvaluations that occur in the mind of a hungry man. 1959 S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry I. i. iv. 103 A need is a general disposition which commonly becomes associated (through ‘focalization’, or ‘canalization’, as Murphy would say) with a number of specific entities. 2016 Epilepsy & Behav. 54 27/1 There is a large body of literature exploring the way that focal seizures spread and become generalized, but..relatively little work has focused on the reverse process of focalization of generalized discharges. 2. Literary Criticism. The limited point of view from which the events of a story are narrated. Often with preceding adjective describing the kind of perspective from which events are witnessed, as external focalization, internal focalization, etc.The term is associated with the work of Gérard Genette (b. 1930), French literary theorist (see etymology). ΚΠ 1974 Centrum Fall 50 [Genette's] three varieties of internal focalization become Friedman's ‘omniscience’, ‘selected omniscience’, and ‘multiple selective omniscience’. 1981 Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea 6 64 Considering the term ‘point of view’ excessively abstract, Genette adopts the term focalisation..to identify three possible foci of narration. 1990 D. Baguley Naturalist Fiction 175 ‘External focalization’ (what the character sees) tends to develop into ‘internal focalization’, a presentation of the character's inner thoughts. 2015 Oxf. Dict. Lit. Terms (ed. 4) (at cited word) The nature of a given narrative's focalization is to be distinguished from its narrative ‘voice’, as seeing is from speaking. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1842
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