fogn.¹

Brit.

/fɒɡ/, U.S.

/fɔɡ/,

/fɑɡ/

Forms: Middle English–1600s fogge, Middle English– fog, 1500s–1800s fogg, 1600s foge, 1600s (1800s– English regional (Staffordshire)) feg, 1700s (Scottish)–1800s (Irish English (Wexford)) fug; also Scottish pre-1700 foig, pre-1700 foige, pre-1700 fooge, 1700s fouge.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian fogg long-stalked, weak, scattered grass or heather, typically growing on wet ground); further etymology unknown. Compare post-classical Latin foggum (1236 in a British source).Welsh ffwg, ffwgws long grass left standing in winter (17th cent.) is < English.

a. Long grass left uncut or ungrazed in fields or pastures, esp. that used for winter grazing. Also: coarse or dead grass. Now historical and rare. †to leave under fog: to leave (pasture) with long grass (obsolete rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture

pasturea1400

fogc1400

vesture1455

vestiturec1460

pasturagea1522

feed1580

agistment1598

pasture grass1628

ear-grass1686

artificial grass1733

seeds1794

tath1807

green stuff1895

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1683 He fares forth on alle faure, fogge watz his mete.

c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 2865 And fille oure somers withe fog and haye.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 219 Gryt court hors puttis me fra the staw, To fang the fog be firthe and fald.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. i. 221/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Mildewes, gossamire, rowtie fogs, & ranke grasse.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 135 I have knowne the fogge of this close letten from Michael-masse..till Lady day..for xxxiijs. iiijd.

1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation iii. 212 These Partridges..do lodge in the dead Grass or Fogg under Hedges.

1738 W. Ellis Timber-tree Improved I. i. 19 This Grass and Weeds..returns saline, nitrous, and sulphurous Qualities back again, by the Dung and Dressing this rotted Fogg makes.

1785 D. Young National Improvem. upon Agric. xii. 184 I cut it [sc. grass] three times every summer, and had always a rough fog during the winter besides.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon viii. 226 The last year's fog is pared down as close and even as possible.

1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 484 The precaution of leaving a portion under fog forms a sure resource against a scarcity of summer feed.

1866 Coursing Cal. Spring 90 A hare was driven from some rough fog and rushes on to a nice level piece of grass.

2014 D. Banham & R. Faith Anglo-Saxon Farms & Farming ii. ix. 226 Feeding the livestock on ‘fog’, the long grass growing on the abundant land outside the field systems, if left uncut into the early winter.., could have gone some ways to cover winter fodder needs.

b. A second crop of grass which grows after hay has been mown or harvested; an aftermath. Also as a mass noun. Cf. foggage n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > aftercrop > aftermath

edgrewc1440

rowen1440

eddish1468

aftermath1496

lattermath1510

after-pasturec1541

fog1570

roughingsc1575

etch1580

aftergrass1587

eddish-grass1610

edge-growth1610

eatagea1642

lattermowth1661

eegrass1669

ear-grass1686

etch-crop1704

after-mowth1711

afterfeed1714

roweta1722

rowety grassa1722

aftergrowth1766

foggage1775

after-eatage1781

roughet1890

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Nii/2 Fogge, postfœnium.

1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes sig. S2^v Put them [sc. Calues] ouer into your After-maths..and then..they may haue their fills of Hay, and fogg.

1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 They [sc. fat cattell] feede abroad, and take the benefit of Foggs and after-grasse.

1727 R. Bradley Compl. Body Husbandry 320 The second crop, or rowin, or aftermoth, or after-feed, or fogg, for they all mean the same thing, may be converted into hay.

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts 7 39 The fog, or after-grass, was ploughed in.

1864 Manch. Guardian 19 July 4/6 The ‘fogs’ or aftermaths are parched and brown, and afford very little nutriment.

1909 Daily Chron. 28 Jan. 4/7 Devonshire did not recognise what Yorkshire meant by ‘fog’—the second crop of grass, the aftermath.

2000 A. J. L. Winchester Harvest of Hills iii. 67/2 In late summer and autumn access to the ‘fog’, the aftermath of the hay, had to be limited to make the grass last as long as possible.

†c. Perhaps: a patch or clump of long grass. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture > a growth of fog grass

fog1661

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 158 They..make their nests in foggs.

2. Scottish, English regional (northern), and Irish English (northern). Moss or lichen; also: a moss plant.Cf. moss-fog n. at moss n.¹ Compounds 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun]

meseeOE

mosslOE

fog1494

moss-fog1805

1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 249 Item, gyffyne for fog to the barge iijs.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 198 in Poems (1981) 11 It was ane semple wane, Off fog and farne full misterlyk wes maid.

1643 in J. Maidment Misc. Abbotsford Club (1837) i. 182 Ȝe..offered him ane grass, as ȝe callit it, but to his appearance, nothing but ane litle quantitie of quhyt moss or fogge.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 300 The Trees did lie so thick and swarving over one another, that the green Moss (there [sc. Scotland], in the British Language called Fog) had over-grown the whole Timber.

1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. iv. 7 A rowing Stane gathers nae Fog.

1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 181 Green fug, mantlan' owre the sclates, Held out the air.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 458 Lime is the mortal enemy of all sorts of fog or moss.

1837 Farmers' Reg. 1. Dec. 463/2 Heather and fogs are the chief plants.

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 261 The term ‘fog’ comprehends many species of Hypna.

1904 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 16 17 All heather, and the fog at the roots of it, should be thoroughly dry before being set on fire.

1979 Country Life 15 Nov. 1796/2 More moss, or fog as it is euphemistically known in Scotland, is creeping into swards than for several winters past.

1996 I. W. D. Forde Paix Machine iii. i. 141 Skytin doun the staps at bene grene wi fog or whyt wi snaw aw winter.

†3. Perhaps: a tangled mass of vegetation. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > [noun] > that which is entangled > tangled mass

matting?1615

wreath1648

scurry1839

jungle1850

fog1869

tangle-twine1878

tardle1898

snaggle1904

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. x. 110 Where a fog was of rushes, and flood-wood, and wild-celery haulm.

Compounds

fog cheese n. now historical cheese made from the milk of cows which have been fed on a second crop of grass after harvesting or mowing (cf. sense 1b); also as a count noun; cf. aftermath cheese n. at aftermath n. Compounds, eddish-cheese n. at eddish n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese

goat cheeseOE

green cheesec1390

rowen cheesea1425

bred-cheesec1440

hard cheesec1470

ruen cheese1510

parmesan1538

spermyse1542

angelot1573

cow-cheese1583

goat's cheese1588

Cheshire Cheese1597

eddish-cheese1615

nettle cheese1615

aftermath cheese1631

marsolini1636

Suffolk cheese1636

Cheddar cheesea1661

rowen1673

parmigianoa1684

raw-milk cheesea1687

fleet cheese1688

sage-cheese1714

Rhode Island cheese1733

Stilton cheese1736

Roquefort cheese1762

American cheese1763

fodder cheese1784

Old Peg1785

blue cheese1787

Dunlop cheese1793

Wiltshire1794

Gloucester1802

Gruyère1802

Neufchâtel1814

Limburger cheese1817

Dunlop1818

fog cheese1822

Swiss cheese1822

Suffolk thumpa1825

Stilton1826

skim dick1827

stracchino cheese1832

Blue Vinney1836

Edam1836

Schabzieger1837

sapsago1846

Munster1858

mysost1861

napkin cheese1865

provolone1865

Roquefort1867

Suffolk bang1867

Leicester1874

Brie1876

Camembert1878

Gorgonzola1878

Leicester cheese1880

Port Salut1881

Wensleydale1881

Gouda1885

primost1889

Cantal1890

Suisse1891

bondon1894

Petit Suisse1895

Gervais1896

Lancashire1896

Pont l'Évêque1896

reggiano1896

Romano1897

fontina1898

Caerphilly cheese1901

Derby cheese1902

Emmental1902

Liptauer1902

farmer cheese1904

robiola1907

gjetost1908

reblochon1908

scamorza1908

Cabrales1910

Jack1910

pimento cheese1910

mozzarella1911

pimiento cheese1911

Monterey cheese1912

processed cheese1918

Tillamook1918

tvorog1918

anari1919

process cheese1923

Bel Paese1926

pecorino1931

Oka1936

Parmigiano–Reggiano1936

vacherin1936

Monterey Jack1940

Red Leicester1940

demi-sel1946

tomme1946

Danish blue1948

Tilsit1950

St.-Maure1951

Samsoe1953

Havarti1954

paneer1954

taleggio1954

feta1956

St. Paulin1956

bleu cheese1957

Manchego1957

Ilchester1963

Dolcelatte1964

chèvre1965

Chaource1966

Windsor Red1969

halloumi1970

Montrachet1973

Chaumes1976

Lymeswold1981

cambozola1984

yarg1984

1822 R. Nares Gloss. Fog-cheeses in Yorkshire, are such as are made from this latter grass.

1881 Athenæum 29 Jan. 90/1 Fog-cheeses are those made from the milk of cows fed upon fog, as differing from those made when the cows are fed upon pasture land.

1991 H. Hauxwell & B. Cockcroft Hannah ii. ix. 264 Later on you got what we call the fog cheese, from the second crop of grass in the autumn after haymaking.

† fog-earth n. English regional (Somerset) Obsolete peat; bog land.

ΚΠ

1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire Fog-earth, bog-earth, peat.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Fog-earth, peat, bog-earth.

fogfruit n. U.S. any of various decumbent perennial flowering plants of the genus Phyla (family Verbenaceae), esp. P. lanceolata, native to the United States but widely grown as ornamental garden plants, having small white or pink flowers surrounding a purple spike at the tip of a long, thin stalk; also called frogfruit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Verbenaceae family or plants > [noun]

verbene1527

vervain1578

wild hyssop1660

fogfruit1817

velvet-bur1866

1817 A. Eaton Man. Bot. 70 [Zapania] lanceolata, (fog-fruit) leaves lance-linear sharp-serrate, stem creeping.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 502/1 Fog-fruit. An American name for Lippia nodiflora.

1985 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 27 May 3/6 The morning's first discovery—fog fruit, a plant that grows in low areas and is crowned with small, purple flowers—was waiting for the group at the beginning of the trail.

2004 T. G. Barnes & S. W. Francis Wildflowers & Ferns Kentucky 165 Fogfruit. Phyla lanceolata.

fog grass n. (a) long grass left uncut or ungrazed; coarse or dead grass; (also) a second crop of grass after mowing or harvesting; = sense 1 (now rare); (b) the perennial grass, Holcus lanatus (family Poaceae), esp. when regarded as an invasive species in North America and Australia; = Yorkshire fog n. at Yorkshire n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1773 J. Blunt Pract. Farriery ii. 121 This second sort of dropsy hath for its cause, a poor, bad food; fog-grass, in cold rainy seasons.

1812 E. Wakefield Acct. Ireland I. viii. 317 Sheep are kept all the winter on fog grass.

1841 Farmers' Cabinet 16 Aug. 23/2 It is these [agricultural improvements] which have changed the products of her soil..from fog-grass and broom-sedge, to clover and timothy.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Fog-grass, coarse sedgy grass, such as grows in wet places.

1911 Manch. Guardian 16 Oct. 14/1 Gettin' wet-shod afore they've trailed themselves through t' first field o' fog-grass.

1936 B. Potter Let. 10 Sept. (1989) 378 The fields are deep in green aftermath—what we call fog grass—so store lambs are being bought to eat it off.

1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 93 (table) Family Poaceae... Other weeds..fog grass Holcus lanatus... creeping fog H. mollis.

2015 Land (Nexis) 29 Jan. 62 The pastures become dominated by low-production species such as bent grass and fog grass that form a dense mat of roots.

fog harrow n. Scottish and Irish English (northern) (now historical and rare) a harrow used to remove moss from the ground.

ΚΠ

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Fog-harrow, a harrow to clear moss away.

1943 Scotsman 19 May 2/7 Implements, &c.—Harvest Cart (R.T.);..Fog Harrows; Double-Furrow Plough.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 130/2 Fog-harrow, a harrow used to clear the ground of moss.

fog house n. chiefly Scottish (now historical) a small house or shelter built from or lined with mossy turf.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific material or construction

thatch-house1521

slate house1554

thack housec1600

frame house1627

log-house1662

straw1665

thatch1693

tin-house1798

fog house1799

leaf house1811

rock house1818

black house1819

blockhouse1821

white house1824

slab-and-bark house1826

brown house1845

brush house1854

soddy1877

hurdle-housea1879

bottle house1913

stucco1922

prefab1942

Portal house1944

Airey1945

yali1962

1799 S. Murray Descr. Part Scotl. v, in Compan. Scotl., Lakes & Craven 167 A charming piece of crag, on which Mrs. Drummond..has erected a fog, or moss-house, commanding a delightful view of the country.

1875 Gardeners' Chron. 6 Mar. 305/3 Nothing would tempt me into fog-houses or rustic Heather erections.

2000 R. Smith Queen's Country i. 6 There was a fog house in the Pass of Ballater..but what remains of it is hard to find.

fog-moss n. now rare (a) any of various mosses that are not peat moss; (b) long grass used for grazing (cf. sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1794 J. Anderson Pract. Treat. Peat Moss ii. 97 The softer the moss is made, the better it is for these operations. Fog moss does very well.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 257 Yellowish, or fogg-moss, is much less compact than [black moss].

1839 C. McIntosh New & Improved Pract. Gardener 895 It is a good method, in preparing the pots for the cuttings, to fill them to within an inch and a half of the top, with broken pots or coarse ashes,..over which should be put a thin layer of ‘fog moss’, (hypnum).

1863 A. L. Spedon Rambles 200 Those [evergreens] bordering on the coast are singularly decorated with fog-moss, which is of a fibrous texture, of a green or yellowy or greyish colour, from five to ten inches in length, and suspended from the branches like goat's hair.

1888 C. Mackay Dict. Lowland Sc. 61/1 Fog-moss, foggage, tall grass used for fodder.

1950 I. Niall Poacher's Handbk. 109 Gather the fog moss from a waterhold and let the worms cleanse themselves in it for a day or two.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fogn.²

Brit.

/fɒɡ/, U.S.

/fɔɡ/,

/fɑɡ/

Forms: 1500s–1600s fogge, 1500s– fog, 1600s ffog, 1600s–1700s fogg.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. In branch I. perhaps the reflex of a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic fok spray, flurry, windblown cloud (of snow, rain, grass, sand, etc.), Norwegian fok flurry, bustle, hurry, Danish fog shower, spray, flurry, windblown cloud (of snow, rain, dust, sand, etc.), and also Old Icelandic fjúk blizzard, Norwegian regional fuka sea mist, light drizzle) < the same Germanic base as Old Icelandic fjúka (Icelandic fjúka ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) fjúka , (Bokmål) fyke , Old Swedish fiuka (Swedish fyka ), Danish fyge , all in sense ‘(of snow, rain, dust, sand, etc.) to be blown on the wind, fly or sweep through the air’, probably < an Indo-European base seen also in Russian (regional) puga blizzard, Latvian (regional) pūga gust of wind, probably ultimately of imitative origin. Compare also Shetland Scots fog drifting cloud or clouds (of snow, spray, mist) (late 19th cent.; < the unattested Norn cognate of Old Icelandic fok : see above). Compare earlier foggy adj. I., which probably implies earlier currency of the noun. In branch II. perhaps after corresponding senses of foggy adj. II. or fog adj., although the origin of these is similarly unclear; it is possible that these may all ultimately show a different origin from branch I.

I. Senses relating to mist, smoke, or haze.

a. A state of the weather in which thick clouds of water vapour or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere form at or near the earth's surface, obscuring or restricting visibility to a greater extent than mist; this phenomenon viewed as a substance or medium. Also: an episode or occurrence of such weather.Frequently with modifying word indicating a particular feature of formation, as ground fog, freezing fog, etc.In technical and scientific usage, fog refers to those instances where visibility is restricted to less than one kilometre; cf. note at mist n.¹ 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog

fog1544

rouka1586

soup1901

1544 Late Exped. Scotl. C iij a The sonne brake out, the fogge went awaye.

1578 T. Ellis True Rep. Last Voy. Meta Incognita sig. B A hidious fogge and mist, that continued till the .19.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 358 The starry welkin couer thou anon, With drooping fogge as blacke as Acheron.

1637 J. Milton Comus 15 No evill thing that walks by night In fog, or fire.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 565 The thickest, & darkest fogg on the Thames, that was ever known.

1759 S. Johnson Idler 24 Mar. 89 Hills obscured by fogs.

1776 T. Francklin Contract ii. 44 Now do you look like a couple of Dutch bum-boats that had been lost in a fog and fallen foul of one another; when the sun comes out what a foolish figure they both cut!

1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. iii. 28 A dense fog hung so low that there was no use in keeping watch.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. x. 66 His guides had lost their way in the fog.

1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 141 'Tis sometimes yellow, sometimes brown, A London Fog!

1947 Daily Mail 22 May 3/6 Radar sets which will ‘see’ through fog are to be fitted in long-distance passenger trains as soon as materials are available.

1973 H. C. Pereira Land Use & Water Resources v. 102 Fog can be absorbed by pine-tree foliage and hence can assist in survival over dry periods.

2010 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 10 Feb. c1/4 I drove through town, with the fog so thick that I had trouble reading the names on the stores.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. in a fog at Phrases.

ΚΠ

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. iii. 223 The authorities here alleged are full of Fogge, and false grounde, and can abide no fast footinge.

1567 J. Sanford in tr. Epictetus Manuell To Rdr. sig. A.iiij The filthy fogge of wicked vices.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. i. sig. E3^v Stoop and beat downe this rising fog of shame.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion To Rdr. sig. A The thicke fogges and mists of ignorance.

a1715 T. Morer Fifteen Serm. (1717) ii. 53 Dissipating those Fogs of Error and Division which dictated our Ruin.

1792 J. Wolcot Odes of Importance 26 The People's brains are losing their old fogs.

1827 Monthly Repos. Aug. 581 The mists and fogs of doubt and difficulty.

1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 326 Our sculptors are still blinded by the pseudo-Greek fog.

1961 B. L. Brammer Gay Place i. xiv. 137 He seemed to have gone off in the other direction, retreating..into a fog of indecision.

1969 M. R. Gordon Confl. & Consensus Labour's Foreign Policy ii. 66 The intellectual fog in which party members were stumbling.

2009 Independent 19 June 39/2 An economic trend which..is a downturn, but which must at all costs be concealed in a fog of jargon and waffle.

2. †(a) An abnormal state of darkness (chiefly with reference to the plague of Egypt described in Exodus 10) (obsolete). (b) A mass or cloud of smoke, dust, or other airborne particles, esp. one which reduces visibility; a haze; (formerly also slang) †smoke (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun] > of the sky

lour1596

fog1597

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > a volume, cloud, etc., of

cloud1382

smoke1388

sop1513

fog1597

mushroom cloud1909

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke

reekeOE

smeecheOE

smokec1000

smeekc1175

smeeksa1225

roke1292

smitchc1330

fume?a1400

reeking1401

fumee1481

fumierc1500

smook?a1513

suffumigation1567

suffumige1666

fog1728

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiv. 320 A darkenesse..more palpable then the fogges of AEgypt.

1597 C. Middleton Famous Hist. Chinon iv. sig. E4^v Many cloudie mists of darke smoke, that almost smoothered this famous follower of hardy deedes before he began the fight, and in this Fogge..gins vnawares to assaile him [sc. the Monster].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. ii. 45 Ignorance, in which thou art more puzel'd then the Ægyptians in their fogge .

1699 S. Garth Dispensary iii. 30 Smouldring Fogs of smoke benight the Fire.

1728 Street-robberies, Consider'd 32 Fog, Smoak.

1780 T. Davies Mem. Life David Garrick I. xxviii. 321 The stage..was covered with a thick fog from the smoke of the fire.

1830 N.-Y. Mirror 6 Mar. 278/2 The dense fog of smoke and flame had dispersed.

1841 W. K. Kelly tr. D. F. J. Arago Pop. Lect. Astron. ix. 42/2 The fog of 1783..extended from the north of Africa to Sweden... It rose above the loftiest mountains.

1964 E. R. Jackman & R. A. Long Oregon Desert xvii. 283 I saw the trouble through the dust fog just in time.

1998 N. Murr Boy xi. 79 Sandra had returned from the bathroom in a fog of perfume.

2007 Strait Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 6 May You are hit by loud music and a fog of cigarette smoke.

3. A deposit of moisture forming a hazy coating against a surface due to condensation.

ΚΠ

1803 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 220 A very thick fog settles upon all my glasses; but the specula, even the 20-feet, which has so large a surface, remain untouched.

1891 Rep. Supreme Court Georgia 87 628 When the fog on the glass gets too bad, it is wiped off.

1943 Sci. News Let. 9 Oct. 235/1 For the sudden plunge from cold to warmer air produced condensation of moisture—like the fog that collects on your glasses when you come indoors on a winter's day.

2007 Sydney Morning Herald 27 Oct. 11/6 She reminisces about battling with fog on the windscreen on cold nights and the joy of bringing her own cheap munchies.

4. Photography. A cloudy or hazy quality obscuring a developed photograph or its image.chemical fog, dichroic fog, green fog, light fog, etc.: see first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > indistinctness

veil1853

fogging1854

fog1856

halation1859

veiling1864

red fog1873

light fog1880

fuzz1889

soft focus1919

graininess1921

irradiation1924

unsharpness1961

1856 C. A. Long Pract. Photogr. (ed. 2) 35 If we now take a picture on a plate prepared in this bath we shall find it quite free from fog or cloudiness.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 255 Red or brown fog, generally beginning at one corner of the plate, is caused by keeping the intensifier on too long.

1908 Photogr. News 24 Jan. 76/2 Once the image is well started on its way.., we are much less likely to get fog.

1979 J. Muirden Sidgwick's Amateur Astronomer's Handbk. (ed. 4) xx. 336 Give the emulsion an overall pre-exposure before use, in order to produce a certain amount of fog.

2007 M. Osterman & G. B. Romer in M. R. Peres Focal Encycl. Photogr. (ed. 4) 81/1 There are many causes of fog; the most common are overexposure, light leaks in the camera, plate holder or darkroom, and an overactive developer.

†5. Railways. = fog signal n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > detonator used as fog signal

fog signal1844

fog detonator1848

torpedo1877

fog1883

1883 F. S. Williams Our Iron Roads (ed. 2) ix. 295 As long as the distance-signal stands at ‘danger’, he is to keep two ‘fogs’ on the rail.

1895 Railway Herald Mag. Jan. 35 Bang—bang—bang went the fogs on the fast road, as the train drew up close to the signal.

1914 Railway Conductor May 310/2 'E bent well down and was just about to drop the fog on the rail.

6. An airborne suspension of fine droplets of pesticide, fungicide, or other chemicals, used to treat crops, fumigate buildings, etc.Frequently with modifying word, as aerosol fog, insecticidal fog, etc.

ΚΠ

1941 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. 34 79/2 Whether the materials..are absorbed and carried in suspension by the smoke particles, or are electrically attracted to the smoke or fog particles is not known at this time.

1941 Sci. News Let. 12 July 25/3 Fumigation with a smoke or fog of rotenone or pyrethrum, two favorite insect-spray poisons, has proved much more efficient than spraying.

1951 C. L. Metcalf & W. P. Flint Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 3) x. 375 (caption) Helicopter applying thermal aerosol fog for the control of black flies and mosquitoes.

1979 P. L. G. Bateman Househ. Pests ii. 71 For rapid clearance of an infested building a pest control company may use an insecticidal fog.

2003 Daily Tel. 8 Dec. 15/2 You can buy ‘insect foggers’ that spew out clouds of cyfluthrin... The difficulty is getting the deadly fog into the moth-stuffed cracks.

7. In plural. Fog lamps on a motor vehicle. Frequently with front or rear specifying the location.Short for fog lamps or fog lights; see Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > parts and equipment of vehicles generally > [noun] > lights and reflectors

signal light1743

tail-light1844

headlight1845

headlamp1851

tail-lamp1891

reflector1909

spotlight1916

fogs1974

1974 N.Y. Times 13 Jan. v. 14/3 (advt.) Mercedes Benz... Michelin tires, front and rear fogs, auto antenna [etc.].

1982 Guardian 27 Sept. (Motoring section) 16/4 (advt.) BMW... Wider wheels. Front fogs. Immaculate.

2001 Max Power Dec. 239/1 We're soon pulling up behind a bright and extremely tasty Ford Focus. Great bodykit, especially the Impreza-like fogs.

2013 What Car? Nov. 78/3 Its standard spec adds 16in alloy wheels, climate control, reversing sensors, automatic wipers, front fogs and electric folding mirrors.

†II. Senses relating to fat. Cf. foggy adj. II.

8. Excess fat, flab. Cf. foggy adj. 6a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily substance > flesh > [noun] > flabby

fog1581

flab1958

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions viii. 51 One compounded & made of fat and fog, brawnie and burdenous.

1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxi. 128 In stead of firme substance, the body is ouercharged with a counterfette kinde of fatte, and hydropical fogge, which beareth shewe of good habite.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse iii. sig. D 5^v They [sc. fat fooles] were neither fitt for action nor contemplation, vntill they were disburdened of their fogg.

Phrases

in a fog and variants: in a state of confusion; confused, bewildered.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > confused, at a loss [phrase]

at one's wit's end (occasionally ends)1377

seek1390

will of wane (also wone)a1400

will of redea1425

on wild1477

to be at a muse1548

at a loss1592

at a stopa1626

in a fog?c1640

in a wood1659

at a wit-standa1670

at sea1768

at fault1833

far to find, seek1879

?c1640 W. Rowley et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) ii. ii. 20 How now Gentlemen, cloudy? I know Mr. Warbeck, you are in a fog about my Daughters marriage.

1835 Amer. Ann. Educ. 5 62 If you study till your head aches, and you are ‘all in a fog’, you will be just fit to study fifty things at once, and learn nothing.

1888 ‘M. Robertson’ Lombard St. Myst. xxii. 227 I confess that, until it came to light, I was in a fog.

1890 Pioneer Wisdom 4 Apr. 213/3 I sold a sermon to a person who seemed completely in a fog concerning the second advent of Christ.

1938 Hammond (Indiana) Times 21 Jan. 8/4 The boy..was apparently still in a fog about how and when to use the words.

1992 K. H. Page Body in Vestibule iii. 47 Faith woke up in a fog the next morning.

2014 M. Gander et al. Managing Your Career in Higher Educ. Admin. ii. 20 My first 6-8 months was actually spent in a complete fog because I couldn't figure out one end from the other.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive and appositive (in senses 1a, 2), as fog cloud, fog layer, fog patch, fog smoke, etc.

ΚΠ

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 10 Whiles all the night thro' fog smoke-white [Errata: fog-smoke white] Glimmer'd the white moon-shine.

1841 J. G. Whittier in New World 10 Apr. 225/3 No fog-cloud veiled the deep.

1870 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 252/2 The white fog-pall had closed over her life.

1912 M. P. Willcocks Wings of Desire viii. 167 Instead of the smell of fog-smoke, there came to his nostrils the scent of the bazaar.

1949 U. Pope-Hennessy Canon Charles Kingsley ii. 14 He watched a fog-cloud hanging densely over the lower parts of the city of Bristol.

1979 H. Walter Eleonora's Falcon ii. 20 The fog mass is 50 to 150 m high and may engulf the island and its cliffs at any time of day.

2015 Express (Nexis) 14 Feb. 2 Early mist and fog patches will clear as southerly winds strengthen.

b. Instrumental and originative (in senses 1a, 2), as fog-born, fog-covered, fog-ridden, fog-shrouded, etc.

ΚΠ

1692 T. Fletcher tr. Virgil in Poems Several Occasions i. 74 Base Fog-born Slaves!

1796 J. Thelwall Tribune III. xxxvii. 73 Nothing is to be seen to cheer his imagination but scudding clouds..and fog-bred meteors.

1837 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 411/1 The fog-covered swamps and dyke-bound marshes that extended on either side of the roadway.

1869 M. Twain Innocents Abroad xii. 107 Fog-wreathed peaks and never-melting snows.

1887 All Year Round 26 Feb. 135/1 Our chilly fog-ridden towns.

1915 St. Nicholas June 712/1 He was remembering..the fog-darkened room in the slums.

1918 Mid-Pacific Mag. June 520/2 The northern fog-born man does not long procurate in the sun-scorched lands.

1958 A. D. Hytier Two Years French Foreign Policy iii. 85 The Renown had tried to pursue the ships but had lost a day watching fog-hidden Casablanca.

2003 R. W. Judd Nat. States iv. 113 A fog-shrouded coast renowned for its huge tides and swift currents.

C2. attributive designating an instrument used to sound a warning or signal to shipping in foggy weather, as fog alarm, fog bell, fog whistle, etc. See also foghorn n., fog signal n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > fog-whistle

fog whistle1844

1781 J. Rickman Jrnl. Capt. Cook's Last Voy. Pacific 39 We kept the fog-bell constantly ringing and guns firing.

1837 C. T. Jackson 1st Ann. Rep. Geol. Maine 31 I may also be allowed to make a few remarks on the Light House and fog alarm at this place.

1844 tr. J. G. Kohl Eng., Wales & Sc. 59 The steam-boats..have their ‘fog-whistles’.

1854 Daily Globe (Washington, D.C.) 14 Oct. A mechanical fog trumpet, for light-houses and light-ships.

1922 Boston Evening Globe 15 Apr. 8/5 Mr. Cobb sounded three lusty toots from the wharf fog gong.

1923 Pop. Mech. Nov. 775/2 Lighthouses without attendants have been equipped with automatic fog bells.

1960 Pop. Mech. Apr. 278/2 Another liner sounded her fog whistle.

2003 A. Mason West Coast Adventures iii. 42 While keeping the light operational was of utmost importance, William was also responsible for maintaining the fog alarm.

C3.

fogbow n. an arc or ring of white or weakly coloured light, regarded as being similar in form to a rainbow, caused by light shining through fog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > anthelion

rainbow1555

crown1563

corone1569

corona1658

anthelion1670

fogbow1820

glory1823

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow

fogbow1820

fog-circle1820

fog-eater1828

mist-bow1874

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. v. 394 The rainbow itself is an appearance so common, that there is no need of dwelling upon it. The fog-bow, or rather fog-circle, is..more rarely observed.

1927 Times 28 Oct. 17/5 For hours a mysterious fog-bow may span the small bay that lies beside the ruined castle of Dun Tuilm.

2009 New Scientist 21 Feb. 93/3 Occasionally, fogbows will show a bluish tinge to the inner edge and a reddish one on the outer.

† fog-breaker n. Obsolete a drink taken to counteract the effects of damp or fog; = fog cutter n.

ΚΠ

1845 S. Judd Margaret iii. 441 His pot-valiantry is gone; cold water is his only fog-breaker.

fog buoy n. now historical a buoy used to aid navigation at sea in foggy conditions; spec. one towed behind a ship as a guide to vessels behind.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > fog warning devices > towed behind a ship

fog buoy1851

1851 Lieut. D. D. Porter Let. July in Rep. Officers Constituting Light-house Board (1852) 209 A fog-buoy, with a heavy bell, should also be placed on the bight of Frying Pan shoal.

1884 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 9 May 751 Admiral Cator's fog buoy..is issued now to all ships of size in the Channel and Mediterranean fleets.

1939 War Illustr. 29 Dec. 532/2 In foggy weather..every ship tows from the stern on the end of a long line a brightly-painted wooden cask, which is known as a fog-buoy.

2012 M. G. Walling Forgotten Sacrifice v. 144 The ships lost sight of each other and began to sail whenever possible by the fog buoy towed by the vessel ahead.

† fog-circle n. Obsolete a ring of white or weakly coloured light caused by light shining through fog; cf. fogbow n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow

fogbow1820

fog-circle1820

fog-eater1828

mist-bow1874

1890 E. Gosse Life P. H. Gosse 62 The rare Arctic appearance known as the fog-bow, or fog-circle.

fog cutter n. U.S. an alcoholic drink taken to counteract the effects of damp or fog; cf. anti-fogmatic n., fog-breaker n.

ΚΠ

1833 Sketches & Eccentricities Col. D. Crockett xii. 157 They then take a fog-cutter, eat breakfast, and Slim returns to the charge.

1985 R. Schleeh in C. Yeager & L. Janos Yeager (1986) 183 We staged a ‘fogcutter’ party, filled a bottle with vodka, bourbon, scotch, and dash of ginger ale.

2014 J. A. Funderburg Bootleggers & Beer Barons of Prohibition Era iii. xviii. 306 Fishermen called this morning snort a phlegm-cutter, fog cutter, or anti-fogmatic.

fog detonator n. Railways a small explosive device used to signal for a train driver to slow or stop, which is placed on the rails in foggy weather, or as an emergency measure, so as to be set off by the train as it passes; = fog signal n. 2, torpedo n. 3d.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > detonator used as fog signal

fog signal1844

fog detonator1848

torpedo1877

fog1883

1848 Morning Chron. 21 Jan. Witness then produced one of the fog detonators.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Oct. 4/3 The cap of a fog-detonator.

1964 Guardian 6 Nov. 4/8 Police [warned]..children not to throw any fog detonators they might have found on to their bonfires.

2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 10 July 8 Some bring [to Drumcree protests] fireworks and fog detonators which, when they go off with the army in the background, look like an Edinburgh Tattoo display.

fogdog n. (a) originally Nautical slang a break or clear patch in a fog at sea; (b) the part of a rainbow which meets the horizon; cf. dog n.¹ 9.

ΚΠ

1831 Athenæum 2 Apr. 211/3 These transient breaks, which are called by the sailors ‘Fog dogs,’..are generally considered good.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 663 Dogg, the lower part of a rainbow visible towards the horizon, and betokening squally weather... On the banks of Newfoundland they are considered precursors of clearer weather, and termed fog-dogs.

1920 I. Hornibrook Coxswain Drake of Seascouts x. 152 Gosh! it is shutting in blinding thick—an' never a sign of a fog dog—a rift!

2000 L. Stegner Pipers at Gates Dawn 85 Several times she encountered clear spots where the fog was beginning to break—fogdogs, they were called.

2014 M. Lovric True & Splendid Hist. Harristown Sisters ix. 64 A great Irish rainbow had bloomed over all County Kildare with its fogdogs crouched right on the road back to Harristown.

fog drift n. a drifting cloud of fog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > drifting mass

fog drift1846

1846 J. O'Connell Life & Speeches Daniel O'Connell I. 58 The mustering of a national sentiment in that year..was dissipated as utterly as the fog-drift before the breeze.

1853 Ecclesiologist 14 390 Fog-drifts drove rapidly over the bleak crags.

2007 J. Bertagna Zenith 126 They row in and out of fog drifts.

fog drip n. water that condenses from fog, collects on vegetation, hard surfaces, etc., and drips to the ground.

ΚΠ

1857 Cape Monthly Mag. Nov. 352 (table) Fog-drip.

1906 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 146/2 There he lied,—on the blue, spongy caribou-moss... Ay, there lied Botch in the fog-drip.

1995 Garden Nov. 668/2 Recorded precipitation averages 101cm (40in) a year, much of it from fog drip.

fog-eater n. originally Nautical slang (chiefly North American) a white or faintly-coloured arch similar to a rainbow, produced when sunlight shines through fog; cf. fogbow n.With allusion to the belief that the appearance of a fog-eater signalled the lifting of the fog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow

fogbow1820

fog-circle1820

fog-eater1828

mist-bow1874

1828 Worcester (Mass.) Talisman 31 May He looked up and said, sternly, there is a fog eater—at this moment the sun seemed to flash upon our deck, and the fog rose from the sea.

1963 North (Ottawa) Mar. 11/1 With the calms come fog bows—the ‘fog-eater’.

2001 D. K. Lynch & W. Livingston Color & Light in Nature (ed. 2) 263/2 Fog-eater, name for fogbow by Nova Scotia fishermen.

fog-free adj. (a) without fog (in various senses); not foggy, clear; (b) (of a mirror, lens, etc.) resistant to condensation.

ΚΠ

1876 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 22 Dec. 606/1 Fog-free negatives can only be obtained by treatment with chromate of potassium.

1904 Manch. Guardian 29 Dec. 2/7 The vagaries of the mist were most extraordinary... Now and then were found spaces of considerable extent which were altogether fog free.

1983 Washington Post 3 Mar. (Washington Home Suppl.) 11/2 If you've ever attempted to..shave in the shower, you've no doubt discovered it can be a tricky proposition. This product provides a fog-free mirror to make things easier.

2007 J. Ganahl Naked on Page (2008) 305 The fog-free sky is turquoise over the Bay.

2012 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 22 July 42 High-performance binoculars come with 10x magnification... They are also waterproof and fog-free.

fog gun n. now historical a large gun or cannon used to sound a warning or signal to shipping in foggy weather.

ΚΠ

1782 London Courant 25 Feb. This inattention in the masters of the ships under convoy, inevitably threw them out of a possibility of hearing the subsequent fog guns.

1839 Metropolitan July 17/2 Once again the Fog-gun booms.

1918 G. M. Wrong Conquest New France iii. 60 Fog guns and lights as signals of distress availed little to the ships in difficulty.

2004 Irish Times 25 Aug. 12/3 At one time a fog gun on the cliff edge was fired every 10 minutes.

fog lamp n. a lamp used to give a signal, to increase an object's visibility, or to provide illumination in foggy weather; (in later use) esp. one of a pair of powerful headlights on a motor vehicle which are mounted low so as to illuminate the way ahead while reducing glare; cf. fog light n.

ΚΠ

1876 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 28 Jan. 3/6 These men should also be supplied with detonating signals and fog lamps.

1879 H. James Eugene Pickering in Madonna of Future & Other Tales II. 43 I have a sense of having enshrouded myself in a sort of mist of talk, and of seeing her lovely eyes shining through it..like fog-lamps at sea.

1937 Times 13 Apr. p. xxii/4 In contributing to safety on the road by day or night, the makers of direction indicators and fog and anti-dazzle lamps have played a notable part.

2007 Volkswagen Driver Mar. 49/1 The lower part of the front apron (below the fog lamps) is body-coloured and a different shape from the standard car.

fog light n. a lamp used to give a signal, to increase an object's visibility, or to provide illumination in foggy weather; (in later use) esp. one of a pair of powerful headlights on a motor vehicle which are mounted low so as to illuminate the way ahead while reducing glare; cf. fog lamp n.

ΚΠ

1838 Aurora (Norwich, Connecticut) 24 Jan. Mr. Ruggles presented the petition of Insurance Companies in Boston, for the creation of a patent Fog Light in that harbor.

1925 Detroit Motor News June 26/1 In the Pacific Northwest these are known as ‘fog lights’, their low mounting casting a beam that penetrates the fog.

1962 Observer 2 Dec. 31/1 Most important accessories..Heater..screen-washers..fog-lights..loose covers..cigar-lighter.

2002 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Apr. Fog lights that slice through thickest pea soup like light sabers.

fog limit n. Physics (now historical) the relative pressure or the level of supersaturation at which visible condensation occurs in a cloud chamber.

ΚΠ

1905 C. Barus in Science 17 Feb. 275/2 I shall use the word fog-limit, to denote the difference (δp) of pressure between the outside (constant pressure) and the inside of the fog-chamber, to which sudden exhaustion must be carried in order that condensation may just occur in dust-free air saturated with moisture.

1974 F. F. Abraham Homogeneous Nucleation Theory i. 6 The current I changes almost discontinuously at the fog limit (the point at which the density of water drops is sufficient for visual observation).

2000 Internat. Jrnl. Thermal Sci. 39 1013/2 The knowledge of the fog limit is an important criterion for the design and operation of condensers.

fog line n. (a) a line delimiting a bank or area of fog, or an area susceptible to fog; (b) (chiefly North American) a painted line providing a guide to road users in foggy conditions, esp. a white line marking the outer limit of the carriageway.

ΚΠ

1850 E. Meriam Let. 24 Dec. in Ann. Rep. Superintendent Onondaga Salt Springs (Documents Assembly State N.Y. 74th Sess., No. 25) (1851) II. 51 The fog line is as distinctly drawn in the atmosphere in Tully as are the water lines there on the surface of the earth.

1876 Art Jrnl. 2 191/2 The delicate painting of the silver-tinted clouds which are revealed through the break in the fog-line.

1934 Frederick (Maryland) Post 11 Jan. 1/6 The ‘yellow center stripe or fog line’ is painted to aid motorists in traveling on foggy nights in the mountains.

1947 Ecol. Monogr. 17 526/1 Another [nuthatch] followed at 5:53, 4 at 6:08, 5 at 6:13, the last two groups wholly in the sun above the fog line.

1953 East Liverpool (Ohio) Rev. 4 Nov. 10/6 Crews of the Pughtown garage of the West Virginia Road Commission painted white fog lines Tuesday on Route 39.

1987 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 12 July Lang was walking on the paved shoulder, between the fog line and the gravel when they were hit from behind.

2005 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 16 Aug. a2/5 Keister appeared to be..driving in an ‘S’ between the fog line and the centerline of the road.

2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 15 June d3/4 Others..have followed Hirsch's lead in planting Pinot Noir and Chardonnay on the ridges above the fog line of the Sonoma Coast.

fog-logged adj. †(a) detained by fog (obsolete rare); (b) shrouded in fog, foggy (rare); cf. waterlogged adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [adjective] > detained by bad weather

storm-stayed1491

storm-stead1513

wintered1556

wind-bound1588

weather-bound1590

water-bound1776

ice-bound1822

snowed-up1836

fog-logged1846

snowed-in1904

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [adjective] > foggy > stopped by fog

fogbound1814

fog-logged1846

1846 Peter Parley's Ann. 5 The Prince Regent..proceeding towards Hatfield got ‘fog-logged’, as it was called, and could not proceed.

1934 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 20 Oct. 10/2 A powerful Princeton high school football team last night swept down a fog-logged gridiron to crush the Beavers of Bluefield under a 27-0 score.

1993 Verse Spring 4 Every foglogged Friday we peered into The butcher's window.

fog machine n. any of various machines which produce or disperse a fog-like substance; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1889 Sat. Herald (Decatur, Illinois) 18 May A machine for the production of artificial fogs has been perfected. The object is to produce sufficient humidity in the air to render cotton-spinning possible... If the fog machine effects this it will rival the cotton gin in value.

1971 W. D. Fronk in R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) viii. 226 Aerosol generators or fog machines disperse insecticide into the air in the form of small particles in diameter from 0.1 to 50 microns.

2008 N.Y. Mag. 24 Mar. 20/1 Clinton was also possessed of the most prodigious fog machine in all of politics: the massive and relentless press operation that surrounded him in the White House.

fog man n. now historical a man employed to signal to trains in foggy conditions by means of lights or flags, or by placing fog signals (fog signal n. 2) on the tracks; cf. fogger n.³, fog signalman n. at fog signal n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > signalman > with fog signals

fog man1851

fog signalman1857

fogger1881

1851 Standard 14 Mar. Two fog-men or extra signal-men, were seen by the drivers.., exhibiting green, instead of red flags.

1928 Economist 20 Oct. 692/2 In foggy weather, unless the fog-men are out, he must not accept a train unless the line is clear to the box ahead.

2013 M. Foley Britain's Railway Disasters xiii. 186 Although a fog man did arrive at the signal, it was ten minutes after the collision took place.

fog mull n. [ < fog n.² + a second element of uncertain origin; perhaps compare mull n.²] U.S. regional (Maine) a bank of dense, wet fog; an occurrence of such fog.

ΚΠ

1893 Auk 10 302 The island lies about four miles southeast of the mainland of the town of St. George [Maine]. The capture was effected directly after a ‘fog mull’ and light rain.

1942 E. B. White in Harper's Mag. 1 Sept. 444/2 June was a miserable month of rains and fog mulls.

2012 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 13 Apr. Fog mull: a heavy, stationary fog bank; ‘That fog mull rolled in wicked fast, and now I can't see anything.’

† fog-pate n. Obsolete rare a muddle-headed person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > confused, muddled person > [noun]

mafflardc1450

juffler15..

dromedary1567

madbrain1570

batie buma1586

addle-head1592

blunderkin1596

nit1598

addle-pate1601

hash1655

blunderbuss1692

blunderhead1692

shaffles1703

fog-pate1732

blunderer1741

puzzle-pate1761

slouch1767

étourdi1768

botch1769

puddle1782

bumble1789

scatter-brain1790

addle-brain1799

puzzle-head1815

shaffler1828

chowderhead1833

muddlehead1833

muddler1833

flounderer1836

duffer1842

muddle-pate1844

plug1848

incompetent1866

schlemiel1868

dinlo1873

drumble-dore1881

hodmandod1881

dub1887

prune1895

foozler1896

bollock1916

messer1926

Pilot Officer (also P.O.) Prune1942

spaz1965

spastic1981

1732 Hyp-doctor 2 May Reasoning..with these eternal Fog-pates.

fog ring n. (a) an arc or ring of white or weakly coloured light, similar in form to a rainbow, caused by light shining through fog; = fogbow n. (obsolete rare); (b) a bank of fog occurring in the shape of a ring (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > bank or ring of fog

fog bank1635

fog ring1845

1845 Athenæum 18 Jan. 700/1 ‘On Fog-rings observed in America,’ by Sir D. Brewster—This paper had been communicated to Sir D. Brewster by Sir John P. Boileau.

1852 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art Suppl. Fog-rings, banks of fog arranged in a circular or ring form.

1930 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 18 Nov. 3/3 A mail plane from Cleveland was forced down at Bellefonte, Pa., on the rim of the eastern fog ring.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† fogadj.

Origin: Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.²

Etymology: Perhaps < fog n.² (compare fog n.² 8). Compare earlier foggish adj.¹, foggy adj. 6a.

Obsolete. rare.

Fat; bloated. Cf. foggy adj. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump

fatc893

frimOE

fullOE

overfatOE

greatOE

bald1297

roundc1300

encorsivea1340

fattishc1369

fleshyc1369

fleshlyc1374

repletea1398

largec1405

corsious1430

corpulentc1440

corsyc1440

fulsome1447

portlyc1487

corporate1509

foggy fata1529

corsive1530

foggish?1537

plump1545

fatty1552

fleshful1552

pubble1566

plum1570

pursy1576

well-fleshed1576

gross?1577

fog1582

forfatted1586

gulchy1598

bouksome1600

fat-fed1607

meatified1607

chuff1609

plumpya1616

bloat1638

blowze-like1647

obese1651

jollya1661

bloated1664

chubbed1674

pluffya1689

puffya1689

pussy1688

sappy1694

crummy1718

chubby1722

fodgel1724

well-padded1737

beefy1743

plumpish1753

pudsy1754

rotund1762

portable1770

lusty1777

roundabout1787

well-cushioned1802

plenitudinous1803

stout1804

embonpointc1806

roly-poly1808

adipose1810

roll-about1815

foggy1817

poddy1823

porky1828

hide-blown1834

tubby1835

stoutish1836

tubbish1836

superfatted1841

pottle-bodied1842

pincushiony1851

opulent1882

well-covered1884

well-upholstered1886

butterball1888

endomorphic1888

tisty-tosty1888

pachyntic1890

barrel-bodied1894

overweight1899

pussy-gutted1906

upholstered1924

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 63 Polyphem..A fowle fog monster.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

fogv.¹

Brit.

/fɒɡ/, U.S.

/fɔɡ/,

/fɑɡ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.²

Etymology: < fog n.² Compare befog v.

a. transitive. To cover, envelop, or fill with fog, mist, or clouds of dust, smoke, etc.; to obscure or stifle with fog. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > make indistinct

overcloudc1550

fog?1592

blura1616

soften1672

obumbilatea1711

slur1782

haze1801

veil1843

fuzz1907

defocus1955

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. C2 Fog not thy glory with so fowle eclipse.

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. i. 19 Somtimes by clouds it [sc. the Sunne] is enueloped, and by mists fogged.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 123 That the light of Divine truth, may..not be fogg'd, and misted with filthy vapours.

1811 Ld. Byron Let. 14 Jan. (1973) II. 35 I might have staied smoked in your towns or fogged in your country a century.

1881 W. C. Russell Ocean Free-lance I. vi. 296 The hurricanes which..fogged her decks with flying spume.

1906 C. W. Stubbs Christ of Eng. Poetry i. 6 Fogged..in the mist of scholasticism, or blinded by the dust of controversy.

1986 London Mag. Mar. 68/1 Smoke from cooking fires fogged the air.

2008 S. Gregory Perils & Dangers this Night iii. 28 The cloud fogged the moon.

b. intransitive. With non-referential it as subject, in it is fogging, etc.: it is foggy; there is fog.In quot. 1804 in elliptical use.

ΚΠ

1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. X3^v This day at noone I had a little cleare, and stood in to the S, W. ward when it fogged againe, I lay to Hull.

1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 7 Nov. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 231 We continued to building our hut, Cloudy and fogging all day.

1851 N.Y. Daily-Times 27 Sept. For two days it rained outright, and two other days it fogged, and misted, and drizzled.

1919 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 8 Oct. 3/4 For the first three days after your arrival it had fogged so persistently..that the windows might as well have been blank walls.

1959 Spectator 16 Jan. 63/1 It snowed, it froze and it fogged.

2010 Beausejour Rev. 16 Dec. 32/2 Santa was not happy because it was fogging, and the tree stopped glowing.

†2. intransitive. to fog off: (of a seedling) to perish or rot through being attacked by any of several fungi or fungus-like microorganisms which often cause whitish mould to develop; = to damp off at damp v. 6. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] > root-fall or damp off

to fog off1802

root-fall1804

to damp off1846

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by damp

to take wet1513

to moisture away1519

reta1642

to fog off1802

sodden1821

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (intransitive)] > of plant: perish from damp

to fog off1802

1802 Rural Recreations (Soc. Pract. Gardeners) Dec. 342 The glasses should be tilted up, to admit the fresh air, and prevent the plants fogging off and decaying as soon as they are up.

1849 Florist Aug. 221 Watch carefully that decayed leaves do not cause the cuttings to fog off.

1880 Notes & Queries 20 Nov. 406 A gardener speaks of his cuttings from bedding plants which have not taken root as having ‘fogged off’.

1921 J. C. Cunningham Products of Empire 3 The best way to study plants is to grow them for ourselves. Even when our attempt is a failure, and they fog off and die, that chastening experience at least teaches us that the ‘environment’ we provided was not suited to our poor victims.

a. transitive. To make (an idea, issue, etc.) difficult to understand; to obscure; to cloud. Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > make obscure [verb (transitive)]

obfusk1490

darken1526

obfuscate1536

perplex1547

overcloudc1550

offuscate1567

obscure1584

offusque1599

intenebrate1618

tenebrificatec1743

nubilate1801

riddle1817

obscurify1826

obfusticate1834

fog1847

1847 Christian Observatory Oct. 469 The divines, in their attempts at explanation, had fogged and beclouded the matter-of-fact statements of the Bible.

1890 B. Sharpe in Nature 30 Oct. 634 To merge many species under the genus Picus tends to fog and confuse the ideas of geographical distribution.

1938 San Antonio (Texas) Light 29 May (Amer. Weekly section) 6/1 The magic, alchemy and astrology that fogged up the study of drugs for centuries.

1967 Life 28 July 14 a/1 Both sides have so fogged up the issue with emotion that it had become totally incomprehensible.

2010 H. Jones Blue & Gray Diplomacy iii. 97 He fogged the matter.., when he would have stood on fairly sound legal footing by emphasizing self-defense.

b. transitive. To confuse or confound (a person, the mind, etc.); to bewilder, mystify. Also intransitive: to become confused or hazy. Sometimes with up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)]

abobc1330

confusec1350

confoundc1374

cumbera1375

passc1384

maskerc1400

mopc1425

enose1430

manga1450

overmusec1460

perplex1477

maze1482

enmuse1502

ruffle?a1505

unsteady1532

entangle1540

duddle1548

intricate1548

distraught1579

distract1582

mizzle1583

moider1587

amuse1595

mist1598

bepuzzle1599

gravel1601

plunder1601

puzzle1603

intrigue1612

vexa1613

metagrobolize?a1616

befumea1618

fuddle1617

crucify1621

bumfiddlea1625

implicate1625

giddify1628

wilder1642

buzzlea1644

empuzzle1646

dunce1649

addle1652

meander1652

emberlucock1653

flounder1654

study1654

disorient1655

embarrass?1656

essome1660

embrangle1664

jumble1668

dunt1672

muse1673

clutter1685

emblustricate1693

fluster1720

disorientate1728

obfuscate1729

fickle1736

flustrate1797

unharmonize1797

mystify1806

maffle1811

boggle1835

unballast1836

stomber1841

throw1844

serpentine1850

unbalance1856

tickle1865

fog1872

bumfuzzle1878

wander1897

to put off1909

defeat1914

dither1919

befuddle1926

ungear1931

to screw up1941

1872 Aldine June 110/1 He argues me out of all demur, With logic that fogs my common sense.

1888 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 11/1 These folks fog me..I can't talk their lingo.

1899 Pick-me-up 7 Oct. 23/1 I had fogged up the rest of my reason with fizzing drinks.

1933 Pop. Aviation Mar. 192/1 My mind began to fog over, and my only thought was to stop the spin.

1958 Mod. Vet. Pract. 39 iv. 76/2 Too long the specter of the lean years in the past has fogged up our thinking.

1991 A. Campbell Sidewinder ix. 109 I work hard on my novel, and when my mind fogs up I do chores around the house.

2011 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 24 May (Sports section) b7 Pain and drugs sometimes fogged his brain.

4. transitive. Photography. To cause (a developed photograph or its image) to develop a cloudy quality or to become obscured by cloudiness or haziness. Also intransitive: (of a developed photograph or its image) to develop such a cloudy or obscuring quality. Sometimes with over, up. Cf. fog n.² 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [verb (transitive)] > make indistinct

fog1854

veil1854

soft-focus1928

1854 Jrnl. Photogr. Soc. 21 Jan. 163/2 The relative values of acid or alkaline baths with respect to ‘fogging over’ the impressions taken on collodion.

1865 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Mar. 158/2 The negative was slightly fogged.

1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 210 The flash of sunlight fogged the plate.

1900 Electr. World & Engineer 16 June 905/3 If the picture fogs, it needs more light.

1930 J. Belling Use of Microscope vii. 68 Reflections at cover-glass or slide surfaces cause extraneous light (glare), which fogs the image.

1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) ii. 14 Rollins advised X-ray users to expose a photographic plate to their equipment for seven minutes. If the plate did not fog up in that time, the equipment was adequately shielded.

2007 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 15 Apr. 5 c The X-ray machine used to check carry-on baggage could fog film. So the digital camera is a great choice for travelers.

5. intransitive. On a railway: to signal to trains in foggy weather, esp. by placing fog signals (fog signal n. 2) on the line. Also transitive: to place fog signals on (the line). Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1874 Standard 14 Feb. 2/6 There was a man between the signals ‘fogging’.

1889 N. Wales Chron. 21 Dec. 6/6 Fogging the line, sir, is putting fog signals up and down it, as a sign for the train to go slowly.

1907 Times 13 Nov. 9/5 William Harmer, a platelayer, stated that he was ‘fogging’ at the home signal when the goods train drew up.

1928 C. J. Allen Railway Planning & Making ix. 115 Men engaged on this work had frequently to cross the lines, in order to fog for tracks other than the one nearest them.

1967 G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway iv. 47 The sub-ganger who had fogged the post before him said that he left the magazine..in Crowlands signalbox.

a. intransitive. Of a window, mirror, etc.: to become covered with condensed water vapour; to steam or mist up. Also with up, over.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > become opaque [verb (intransitive)] > with steam or mist

fog1902

1902 Lick Observatory Bull. 2 13/2 Object glass fogged over before measures of position could be made.

1907 Dental Era June 291 If your mirror fogs simply blow a little air on same and in an instant it is clear again.

1923 Geogr. Jrnl. 61 207 At heights below 17,000 feet the glasses fogged up because there is no possibility of air escaping freely from over the eyes.

1988 H. Watzman tr. D. Grossman Yellow Wind (1989) viii. 95 His thick eyeglasses fog over, despite the coldness of the large, unheated house.

2015 Newcastle (Austral.) Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Suppl.) 8 The car windows fogged, blocking out the beach.

b. transitive. To cause (a window, mirror, etc.) to be covered with condensed water vapour; to steam or mist up. Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > render opaque [verb (transitive)] > by steam or mist

fog1905

1905 Lick Observatory Bull. 1904–5 3 126/2 The danger of fogging the mirror is..very small.

1931 Ogden (Utah) Standard 12 Jan. 5/3 The fine mist which fell in the afternoon and evening froze and fogged up the windshields the moment it hit the glass.

1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 227 He..entered the kitchen, the lamplit warmth where the stove glowed, fogging the windows.

1982 Pop. Photogr. May 106/3 Taking a cold camera into a warm building often results in condensation, which..fogs up the lens.

2005 J. Kelly Moon Tunnel vi. 41 Steam fogged its metal-framed windows, obscuring the interior.

7. transitive. To treat with a fog of pesticide, fungicide, etc. (cf. fog n.² 6).

ΚΠ

1912 R. F. Howard Spraying Apple Trees 66 in Publ. Docs. State of Nebraska (Univ. Nebraska Agric. Exper. Station Press Bull. No. 37) IV Merely fogging the tree from the windward side, letting the mist float thru, is not spraying.

1947 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 34 495/2 Numerous other more actively growing weed species were fogged.

1986 New Yorker 29 Dec. 63/2 The authorities began fogging the lagoon area, in order to kill the adult mosquitoes.

2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 9 Oct. viii. 4/2 At dusk each day, guests were advised to go inside..so an enormous belching machine could fog the property with pesticide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† fogv.²

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: fogger n.¹

Etymology: Apparently a back-formation < fogger n.¹, apprehended as an agent noun in -er suffix¹. Compare later fogging n.³

Obsolete. rare.

intransitive. To use underhand or dishonourable means to obtain personal gain.In quot. with reference to a lawyer. Cf. fogger n.¹ 1, pettifogger n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > act fraudulently, cheat [verb (intransitive)]

faitc1330

defraudc1384

to take (the) advantagea1393

false1393

halt1412

haft1519

juggle1528

wily beguile1550

foist1584

lurch1593

fog1621

imposture1624

rook1637

impone1640

cheat1647

chicane1671

humbug1753

fineer1765

gag1781

mountebank1814

jockeya1835

sniggle1837

barney1848

straw1851

honeyfuggle1856

skinch1891

finagle1926

1621 R. Speed Counter-scuffle sig. C2 Wert not for vs, thou Swad, quoth he, Where would'st thou fog to get a Fee?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

fogv.³

Brit.

/fɒɡ/, U.S.

/fɑɡ/, Scottish English

/fɔɡ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.¹

Etymology: < fog n.¹ With sense 2 compare fogged adj.² 1 and fogging n.¹ 2.

1. Scottish.

†a. transitive. To pack or cover (a wall, roof, etc.) with moss. Cf. fog n.¹ 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > fill in gaps

stop1388

beamfill1469

stuff1601

caulk1616

run1657

strike1668

fog1678

chinse1770

sneck1792

darn1801

pug1820

chink1822

grout1838

fillet1843

gallet1851

slush1875

putty1879

spackle1950

1678 Contract 8 Oct. in Misc. Sc. Hist. Soc. (1990) XI. 303 And the loft benath to be sylloured with firr and fogged betuxt.

1913 J. Allardyce Byegone Days 26 The houses were dry stone walls, with feal gables, and the roof was covered with divots...After harvest the women gathered moss and stuffed the worst of the crevices. This work was called ‘foggin' the wa's’.

b. intransitive. To become covered with moss. Cf. fog n.¹ 2. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in north-eastern Scotland and Angus in 1952.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > become mossy [verb (intransitive)]

mossc1390

fog1715

1715 A. Pennecuik Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale 31 About this town [sc. Peebles]..fruit and forest trees..are seldom seen either to fog or be bark-bound.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 525 The hedges fog at the stem.

1810 G. Chalmers Caledonia II. iii. 204 St. Bothan's well..neither fogs nor freezes.

1921 M. Argo Janet's Choice 16 I ha'e brocht them up to ken that a rowin stane disna fog.

2. Agriculture.

†a. transitive. To leave (land, pastures, etc.) with long grass, esp. in order to provide winter grazing. Cf. fog n.¹ 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop > cut long tufts of grass > leave long grass standing

fog1793

1793 Let. 9 Nov. in G. Rennie et al. Gen. View Agric. W. Riding Yorks. (1794) App. ii. 82 Most of the principal graziers take all their stock out of some of their best pastures in the beginning of July, and put nothing in them till about Michaelmas, when they are equal or superior to the best fog; indeed they call this, fogging their pastures.

1814 W. Davies Gen. View Agric. S. Wales I. viii. §2.545 We saw a piece that had been fogged successively for sixteen years; and..was improving annually.

1887 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 23 89 Formerly it was customary to fog land, the object being to provide early keep in the spring.

b. transitive. To feed (livestock) on fog (fog n.¹ 1a). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Midlothian in 1953.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)]

fog1855

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Fog, in agriculture, to feed off the fog or pasture in winter, as cattle.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Fog, to give fodder to cattle.

1900 Sc. Farmer 24 Nov. The good ewes are..‘fogged’ in the earliest districts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1400

n.²1544

adj.1582

v.¹?1592

v.²1621

v.³1678

单词	fog
释义	fogn.¹ Brit. /fɒɡ/, U.S. /fɔɡ/, /fɑɡ/ Forms: Middle English–1600s fogge, Middle English– fog, 1500s–1800s fogg, 1600s foge, 1600s (1800s– English regional (Staffordshire)) feg, 1700s (Scottish)–1800s (Irish English (Wexford)) fug; also Scottish pre-1700 foig, pre-1700 foige, pre-1700 fooge, 1700s fouge. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian fogg long-stalked, weak, scattered grass or heather, typically growing on wet ground); further etymology unknown. Compare post-classical Latin foggum (1236 in a British source).Welsh ffwg, ffwgws long grass left standing in winter (17th cent.) is < English. 1. a. Long grass left uncut or ungrazed in fields or pastures, esp. that used for winter grazing. Also: coarse or dead grass. Now historical and rare. †to leave under fog: to leave (pasture) with long grass (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture pasturea1400 fogc1400 vesture1455 vestiturec1460 pasturagea1522 feed1580 agistment1598 pasture grass1628 ear-grass1686 artificial grass1733 seeds1794 tath1807 green stuff1895 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1683 He fares forth on alle faure, fogge watz his mete. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 2865 And fille oure somers withe fog and haye. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 219 Gryt court hors puttis me fra the staw, To fang the fog be firthe and fald. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. i. 221/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Mildewes, gossamire, rowtie fogs, & ranke grasse. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 135 I have knowne the fogge of this close letten from Michael-masse..till Lady day..for xxxiijs. iiijd. 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation iii. 212 These Partridges..do lodge in the dead Grass or Fogg under Hedges. 1738 W. Ellis Timber-tree Improved I. i. 19 This Grass and Weeds..returns saline, nitrous, and sulphurous Qualities back again, by the Dung and Dressing this rotted Fogg makes. 1785 D. Young National Improvem. upon Agric. xii. 184 I cut it [sc. grass] three times every summer, and had always a rough fog during the winter besides. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon viii. 226 The last year's fog is pared down as close and even as possible. 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 484 The precaution of leaving a portion under fog forms a sure resource against a scarcity of summer feed. 1866 Coursing Cal. Spring 90 A hare was driven from some rough fog and rushes on to a nice level piece of grass. 2014 D. Banham & R. Faith Anglo-Saxon Farms & Farming ii. ix. 226 Feeding the livestock on ‘fog’, the long grass growing on the abundant land outside the field systems, if left uncut into the early winter.., could have gone some ways to cover winter fodder needs. b. A second crop of grass which grows after hay has been mown or harvested; an aftermath. Also as a mass noun. Cf. foggage n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > aftercrop > aftermath edgrewc1440 rowen1440 eddish1468 aftermath1496 lattermath1510 after-pasturec1541 fog1570 roughingsc1575 etch1580 aftergrass1587 eddish-grass1610 edge-growth1610 eatagea1642 lattermowth1661 eegrass1669 ear-grass1686 etch-crop1704 after-mowth1711 afterfeed1714 roweta1722 rowety grassa1722 aftergrowth1766 foggage1775 after-eatage1781 roughet1890 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Nii/2 Fogge, postfœnium. 1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes sig. S2^v Put them [sc. Calues] ouer into your After-maths..and then..they may haue their fills of Hay, and fogg. 1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 They [sc. fat cattell] feede abroad, and take the benefit of Foggs and after-grasse. 1727 R. Bradley Compl. Body Husbandry 320 The second crop, or rowin, or aftermoth, or after-feed, or fogg, for they all mean the same thing, may be converted into hay. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts 7 39 The fog, or after-grass, was ploughed in. 1864 Manch. Guardian 19 July 4/6 The ‘fogs’ or aftermaths are parched and brown, and afford very little nutriment. 1909 Daily Chron. 28 Jan. 4/7 Devonshire did not recognise what Yorkshire meant by ‘fog’—the second crop of grass, the aftermath. 2000 A. J. L. Winchester Harvest of Hills iii. 67/2 In late summer and autumn access to the ‘fog’, the aftermath of the hay, had to be limited to make the grass last as long as possible. †c. Perhaps: a patch or clump of long grass. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture > a growth of fog grass fog1661 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 158 They..make their nests in foggs. 2. Scottish, English regional (northern), and Irish English (northern). Moss or lichen; also: a moss plant.Cf. moss-fog n. at moss n.¹ Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] meseeOE mosslOE fog1494 moss-fog1805 1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 249 Item, gyffyne for fog to the barge iijs. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 198 in Poems (1981) 11 It was ane semple wane, Off fog and farne full misterlyk wes maid. 1643 in J. Maidment Misc. Abbotsford Club (1837) i. 182 Ȝe..offered him ane grass, as ȝe callit it, but to his appearance, nothing but ane litle quantitie of quhyt moss or fogge. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 300 The Trees did lie so thick and swarving over one another, that the green Moss (there [sc. Scotland], in the British Language called Fog) had over-grown the whole Timber. 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. iv. 7 A rowing Stane gathers nae Fog. 1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 181 Green fug, mantlan' owre the sclates, Held out the air. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 458 Lime is the mortal enemy of all sorts of fog or moss. 1837 Farmers' Reg. 1. Dec. 463/2 Heather and fogs are the chief plants. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 261 The term ‘fog’ comprehends many species of Hypna. 1904 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 16 17 All heather, and the fog at the roots of it, should be thoroughly dry before being set on fire. 1979 Country Life 15 Nov. 1796/2 More moss, or fog as it is euphemistically known in Scotland, is creeping into swards than for several winters past. 1996 I. W. D. Forde Paix Machine iii. i. 141 Skytin doun the staps at bene grene wi fog or whyt wi snaw aw winter. †3. Perhaps: a tangled mass of vegetation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > [noun] > that which is entangled > tangled mass matting?1615 wreath1648 scurry1839 jungle1850 fog1869 tangle-twine1878 tardle1898 snaggle1904 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. x. 110 Where a fog was of rushes, and flood-wood, and wild-celery haulm. Compounds fog cheese n. now historical cheese made from the milk of cows which have been fed on a second crop of grass after harvesting or mowing (cf. sense 1b); also as a count noun; cf. aftermath cheese n. at aftermath n. Compounds, eddish-cheese n. at eddish n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese goat cheeseOE green cheesec1390 rowen cheesea1425 bred-cheesec1440 hard cheesec1470 ruen cheese1510 parmesan1538 spermyse1542 angelot1573 cow-cheese1583 goat's cheese1588 Cheshire Cheese1597 eddish-cheese1615 nettle cheese1615 aftermath cheese1631 marsolini1636 Suffolk cheese1636 Cheddar cheesea1661 rowen1673 parmigianoa1684 raw-milk cheesea1687 fleet cheese1688 sage-cheese1714 Rhode Island cheese1733 Stilton cheese1736 Roquefort cheese1762 American cheese1763 fodder cheese1784 Old Peg1785 blue cheese1787 Dunlop cheese1793 Wiltshire1794 Gloucester1802 Gruyère1802 Neufchâtel1814 Limburger cheese1817 Dunlop1818 fog cheese1822 Swiss cheese1822 Suffolk thumpa1825 Stilton1826 skim dick1827 stracchino cheese1832 Blue Vinney1836 Edam1836 Schabzieger1837 sapsago1846 Munster1858 mysost1861 napkin cheese1865 provolone1865 Roquefort1867 Suffolk bang1867 Leicester1874 Brie1876 Camembert1878 Gorgonzola1878 Leicester cheese1880 Port Salut1881 Wensleydale1881 Gouda1885 primost1889 Cantal1890 Suisse1891 bondon1894 Petit Suisse1895 Gervais1896 Lancashire1896 Pont l'Évêque1896 reggiano1896 Romano1897 fontina1898 Caerphilly cheese1901 Derby cheese1902 Emmental1902 Liptauer1902 farmer cheese1904 robiola1907 gjetost1908 reblochon1908 scamorza1908 Cabrales1910 Jack1910 pimento cheese1910 mozzarella1911 pimiento cheese1911 Monterey cheese1912 processed cheese1918 Tillamook1918 tvorog1918 anari1919 process cheese1923 Bel Paese1926 pecorino1931 Oka1936 Parmigiano–Reggiano1936 vacherin1936 Monterey Jack1940 Red Leicester1940 demi-sel1946 tomme1946 Danish blue1948 Tilsit1950 St.-Maure1951 Samsoe1953 Havarti1954 paneer1954 taleggio1954 feta1956 St. Paulin1956 bleu cheese1957 Manchego1957 Ilchester1963 Dolcelatte1964 chèvre1965 Chaource1966 Windsor Red1969 halloumi1970 Montrachet1973 Chaumes1976 Lymeswold1981 cambozola1984 yarg1984 1822 R. Nares Gloss. Fog-cheeses in Yorkshire, are such as are made from this latter grass. 1881 Athenæum 29 Jan. 90/1 Fog-cheeses are those made from the milk of cows fed upon fog, as differing from those made when the cows are fed upon pasture land. 1991 H. Hauxwell & B. Cockcroft Hannah ii. ix. 264 Later on you got what we call the fog cheese, from the second crop of grass in the autumn after haymaking. † fog-earth n. English regional (Somerset) Obsolete peat; bog land. ΚΠ 1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire Fog-earth, bog-earth, peat. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Fog-earth, peat, bog-earth. fogfruit n. U.S. any of various decumbent perennial flowering plants of the genus Phyla (family Verbenaceae), esp. P. lanceolata, native to the United States but widely grown as ornamental garden plants, having small white or pink flowers surrounding a purple spike at the tip of a long, thin stalk; also called frogfruit. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Verbenaceae family or plants > [noun] verbene1527 vervain1578 wild hyssop1660 fogfruit1817 velvet-bur1866 1817 A. Eaton Man. Bot. 70 [Zapania] lanceolata, (fog-fruit) leaves lance-linear sharp-serrate, stem creeping. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 502/1 Fog-fruit. An American name for Lippia nodiflora. 1985 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 27 May 3/6 The morning's first discovery—fog fruit, a plant that grows in low areas and is crowned with small, purple flowers—was waiting for the group at the beginning of the trail. 2004 T. G. Barnes & S. W. Francis Wildflowers & Ferns Kentucky 165 Fogfruit. Phyla lanceolata. fog grass n. (a) long grass left uncut or ungrazed; coarse or dead grass; (also) a second crop of grass after mowing or harvesting; = sense 1 (now rare); (b) the perennial grass, Holcus lanatus (family Poaceae), esp. when regarded as an invasive species in North America and Australia; = Yorkshire fog n. at Yorkshire n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1773 J. Blunt Pract. Farriery ii. 121 This second sort of dropsy hath for its cause, a poor, bad food; fog-grass, in cold rainy seasons. 1812 E. Wakefield Acct. Ireland I. viii. 317 Sheep are kept all the winter on fog grass. 1841 Farmers' Cabinet 16 Aug. 23/2 It is these [agricultural improvements] which have changed the products of her soil..from fog-grass and broom-sedge, to clover and timothy. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Fog-grass, coarse sedgy grass, such as grows in wet places. 1911 Manch. Guardian 16 Oct. 14/1 Gettin' wet-shod afore they've trailed themselves through t' first field o' fog-grass. 1936 B. Potter Let. 10 Sept. (1989) 378 The fields are deep in green aftermath—what we call fog grass—so store lambs are being bought to eat it off. 1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 93 (table) Family Poaceae... Other weeds..fog grass Holcus lanatus... creeping fog H. mollis. 2015 Land (Nexis) 29 Jan. 62 The pastures become dominated by low-production species such as bent grass and fog grass that form a dense mat of roots. fog harrow n. Scottish and Irish English (northern) (now historical and rare) a harrow used to remove moss from the ground. ΚΠ 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Fog-harrow, a harrow to clear moss away. 1943 Scotsman 19 May 2/7 Implements, &c.—Harvest Cart (R.T.);..Fog Harrows; Double-Furrow Plough. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 130/2 Fog-harrow, a harrow used to clear the ground of moss. fog house n. chiefly Scottish (now historical) a small house or shelter built from or lined with mossy turf. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific material or construction thatch-house1521 slate house1554 thack housec1600 frame house1627 log-house1662 straw1665 thatch1693 tin-house1798 fog house1799 leaf house1811 rock house1818 black house1819 blockhouse1821 white house1824 slab-and-bark house1826 brown house1845 brush house1854 soddy1877 hurdle-housea1879 bottle house1913 stucco1922 prefab1942 Portal house1944 Airey1945 yali1962 1799 S. Murray Descr. Part Scotl. v, in Compan. Scotl., Lakes & Craven 167 A charming piece of crag, on which Mrs. Drummond..has erected a fog, or moss-house, commanding a delightful view of the country. 1875 Gardeners' Chron. 6 Mar. 305/3 Nothing would tempt me into fog-houses or rustic Heather erections. 2000 R. Smith Queen's Country i. 6 There was a fog house in the Pass of Ballater..but what remains of it is hard to find. fog-moss n. now rare (a) any of various mosses that are not peat moss; (b) long grass used for grazing (cf. sense 1a). ΚΠ 1794 J. Anderson Pract. Treat. Peat Moss ii. 97 The softer the moss is made, the better it is for these operations. Fog moss does very well. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 257 Yellowish, or fogg-moss, is much less compact than [black moss]. 1839 C. McIntosh New & Improved Pract. Gardener 895 It is a good method, in preparing the pots for the cuttings, to fill them to within an inch and a half of the top, with broken pots or coarse ashes,..over which should be put a thin layer of ‘fog moss’, (hypnum). 1863 A. L. Spedon Rambles 200 Those [evergreens] bordering on the coast are singularly decorated with fog-moss, which is of a fibrous texture, of a green or yellowy or greyish colour, from five to ten inches in length, and suspended from the branches like goat's hair. 1888 C. Mackay Dict. Lowland Sc. 61/1 Fog-moss, foggage, tall grass used for fodder. 1950 I. Niall Poacher's Handbk. 109 Gather the fog moss from a waterhold and let the worms cleanse themselves in it for a day or two. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fogn.² Brit. /fɒɡ/, U.S. /fɔɡ/, /fɑɡ/ Forms: 1500s–1600s fogge, 1500s– fog, 1600s ffog, 1600s–1700s fogg. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Origin uncertain. In branch I. perhaps the reflex of a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic fok spray, flurry, windblown cloud (of snow, rain, grass, sand, etc.), Norwegian fok flurry, bustle, hurry, Danish fog shower, spray, flurry, windblown cloud (of snow, rain, dust, sand, etc.), and also Old Icelandic fjúk blizzard, Norwegian regional fuka sea mist, light drizzle) < the same Germanic base as Old Icelandic fjúka (Icelandic fjúka ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) fjúka , (Bokmål) fyke , Old Swedish fiuka (Swedish fyka ), Danish fyge , all in sense ‘(of snow, rain, dust, sand, etc.) to be blown on the wind, fly or sweep through the air’, probably < an Indo-European base seen also in Russian (regional) puga blizzard, Latvian (regional) pūga gust of wind, probably ultimately of imitative origin. Compare also Shetland Scots fog drifting cloud or clouds (of snow, spray, mist) (late 19th cent.; < the unattested Norn cognate of Old Icelandic fok : see above). Compare earlier foggy adj. I., which probably implies earlier currency of the noun. In branch II. perhaps after corresponding senses of foggy adj. II. or fog adj., although the origin of these is similarly unclear; it is possible that these may all ultimately show a different origin from branch I. I. Senses relating to mist, smoke, or haze. 1. a. A state of the weather in which thick clouds of water vapour or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere form at or near the earth's surface, obscuring or restricting visibility to a greater extent than mist; this phenomenon viewed as a substance or medium. Also: an episode or occurrence of such weather.Frequently with modifying word indicating a particular feature of formation, as ground fog, freezing fog, etc.In technical and scientific usage, fog refers to those instances where visibility is restricted to less than one kilometre; cf. note at mist n.¹ 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog fog1544 rouka1586 soup1901 1544 Late Exped. Scotl. C iij a The sonne brake out, the fogge went awaye. 1578 T. Ellis True Rep. Last Voy. Meta Incognita sig. B A hidious fogge and mist, that continued till the .19. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 358 The starry welkin couer thou anon, With drooping fogge as blacke as Acheron. View more context for this quotation 1637 J. Milton Comus 15 No evill thing that walks by night In fog, or fire. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 565 The thickest, & darkest fogg on the Thames, that was ever known. 1759 S. Johnson Idler 24 Mar. 89 Hills obscured by fogs. 1776 T. Francklin Contract ii. 44 Now do you look like a couple of Dutch bum-boats that had been lost in a fog and fallen foul of one another; when the sun comes out what a foolish figure they both cut! 1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. iii. 28 A dense fog hung so low that there was no use in keeping watch. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. x. 66 His guides had lost their way in the fog. 1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 141 'Tis sometimes yellow, sometimes brown, A London Fog! 1947 Daily Mail 22 May 3/6 Radar sets which will ‘see’ through fog are to be fitted in long-distance passenger trains as soon as materials are available. 1973 H. C. Pereira Land Use & Water Resources v. 102 Fog can be absorbed by pine-tree foliage and hence can assist in survival over dry periods. 2010 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 10 Feb. c1/4 I drove through town, with the fog so thick that I had trouble reading the names on the stores. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. in a fog at Phrases. ΚΠ 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. iii. 223 The authorities here alleged are full of Fogge, and false grounde, and can abide no fast footinge. 1567 J. Sanford in tr. Epictetus Manuell To Rdr. sig. A.iiij The filthy fogge of wicked vices. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. i. sig. E3^v Stoop and beat downe this rising fog of shame. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion To Rdr. sig. A The thicke fogges and mists of ignorance. a1715 T. Morer Fifteen Serm. (1717) ii. 53 Dissipating those Fogs of Error and Division which dictated our Ruin. 1792 J. Wolcot Odes of Importance 26 The People's brains are losing their old fogs. 1827 Monthly Repos. Aug. 581 The mists and fogs of doubt and difficulty. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 326 Our sculptors are still blinded by the pseudo-Greek fog. 1961 B. L. Brammer Gay Place i. xiv. 137 He seemed to have gone off in the other direction, retreating..into a fog of indecision. 1969 M. R. Gordon Confl. & Consensus Labour's Foreign Policy ii. 66 The intellectual fog in which party members were stumbling. 2009 Independent 19 June 39/2 An economic trend which..is a downturn, but which must at all costs be concealed in a fog of jargon and waffle. 2. †(a) An abnormal state of darkness (chiefly with reference to the plague of Egypt described in Exodus 10) (obsolete). (b) A mass or cloud of smoke, dust, or other airborne particles, esp. one which reduces visibility; a haze; (formerly also slang) †smoke (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun] > of the sky lour1596 fog1597 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > a volume, cloud, etc., of cloud1382 smoke1388 sop1513 fog1597 mushroom cloud1909 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke reekeOE smeecheOE smokec1000 smeekc1175 smeeksa1225 roke1292 smitchc1330 fume?a1400 reeking1401 fumee1481 fumierc1500 smook?a1513 suffumigation1567 suffumige1666 fog1728 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiv. 320 A darkenesse..more palpable then the fogges of AEgypt. 1597 C. Middleton Famous Hist. Chinon iv. sig. E4^v Many cloudie mists of darke smoke, that almost smoothered this famous follower of hardy deedes before he began the fight, and in this Fogge..gins vnawares to assaile him [sc. the Monster]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. ii. 45 Ignorance, in which thou art more puzel'd then the Ægyptians in their fogge . View more context for this quotation 1699 S. Garth Dispensary iii. 30 Smouldring Fogs of smoke benight the Fire. 1728 Street-robberies, Consider'd 32 Fog, Smoak. 1780 T. Davies Mem. Life David Garrick I. xxviii. 321 The stage..was covered with a thick fog from the smoke of the fire. 1830 N.-Y. Mirror 6 Mar. 278/2 The dense fog of smoke and flame had dispersed. 1841 W. K. Kelly tr. D. F. J. Arago Pop. Lect. Astron. ix. 42/2 The fog of 1783..extended from the north of Africa to Sweden... It rose above the loftiest mountains. 1964 E. R. Jackman & R. A. Long Oregon Desert xvii. 283 I saw the trouble through the dust fog just in time. 1998 N. Murr Boy xi. 79 Sandra had returned from the bathroom in a fog of perfume. 2007 Strait Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 6 May You are hit by loud music and a fog of cigarette smoke. 3. A deposit of moisture forming a hazy coating against a surface due to condensation. ΚΠ 1803 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 220 A very thick fog settles upon all my glasses; but the specula, even the 20-feet, which has so large a surface, remain untouched. 1891 Rep. Supreme Court Georgia 87 628 When the fog on the glass gets too bad, it is wiped off. 1943 Sci. News Let. 9 Oct. 235/1 For the sudden plunge from cold to warmer air produced condensation of moisture—like the fog that collects on your glasses when you come indoors on a winter's day. 2007 Sydney Morning Herald 27 Oct. 11/6 She reminisces about battling with fog on the windscreen on cold nights and the joy of bringing her own cheap munchies. 4. Photography. A cloudy or hazy quality obscuring a developed photograph or its image.chemical fog, dichroic fog, green fog, light fog, etc.: see first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > indistinctness veil1853 fogging1854 fog1856 halation1859 veiling1864 red fog1873 light fog1880 fuzz1889 soft focus1919 graininess1921 irradiation1924 unsharpness1961 1856 C. A. Long Pract. Photogr. (ed. 2) 35 If we now take a picture on a plate prepared in this bath we shall find it quite free from fog or cloudiness. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 255 Red or brown fog, generally beginning at one corner of the plate, is caused by keeping the intensifier on too long. 1908 Photogr. News 24 Jan. 76/2 Once the image is well started on its way.., we are much less likely to get fog. 1979 J. Muirden Sidgwick's Amateur Astronomer's Handbk. (ed. 4) xx. 336 Give the emulsion an overall pre-exposure before use, in order to produce a certain amount of fog. 2007 M. Osterman & G. B. Romer in M. R. Peres Focal Encycl. Photogr. (ed. 4) 81/1 There are many causes of fog; the most common are overexposure, light leaks in the camera, plate holder or darkroom, and an overactive developer. †5. Railways. = fog signal n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > detonator used as fog signal fog signal1844 fog detonator1848 torpedo1877 fog1883 1883 F. S. Williams Our Iron Roads (ed. 2) ix. 295 As long as the distance-signal stands at ‘danger’, he is to keep two ‘fogs’ on the rail. 1895 Railway Herald Mag. Jan. 35 Bang—bang—bang went the fogs on the fast road, as the train drew up close to the signal. 1914 Railway Conductor May 310/2 'E bent well down and was just about to drop the fog on the rail. 6. An airborne suspension of fine droplets of pesticide, fungicide, or other chemicals, used to treat crops, fumigate buildings, etc.Frequently with modifying word, as aerosol fog, insecticidal fog, etc. ΚΠ 1941 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. 34 79/2 Whether the materials..are absorbed and carried in suspension by the smoke particles, or are electrically attracted to the smoke or fog particles is not known at this time. 1941 Sci. News Let. 12 July 25/3 Fumigation with a smoke or fog of rotenone or pyrethrum, two favorite insect-spray poisons, has proved much more efficient than spraying. 1951 C. L. Metcalf & W. P. Flint Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 3) x. 375 (caption) Helicopter applying thermal aerosol fog for the control of black flies and mosquitoes. 1979 P. L. G. Bateman Househ. Pests ii. 71 For rapid clearance of an infested building a pest control company may use an insecticidal fog. 2003 Daily Tel. 8 Dec. 15/2 You can buy ‘insect foggers’ that spew out clouds of cyfluthrin... The difficulty is getting the deadly fog into the moth-stuffed cracks. 7. In plural. Fog lamps on a motor vehicle. Frequently with front or rear specifying the location.Short for fog lamps or fog lights; see Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > parts and equipment of vehicles generally > [noun] > lights and reflectors signal light1743 tail-light1844 headlight1845 headlamp1851 tail-lamp1891 reflector1909 spotlight1916 fogs1974 1974 N.Y. Times 13 Jan. v. 14/3 (advt.) Mercedes Benz... Michelin tires, front and rear fogs, auto antenna [etc.]. 1982 Guardian 27 Sept. (Motoring section) 16/4 (advt.) BMW... Wider wheels. Front fogs. Immaculate. 2001 Max Power Dec. 239/1 We're soon pulling up behind a bright and extremely tasty Ford Focus. Great bodykit, especially the Impreza-like fogs. 2013 What Car? Nov. 78/3 Its standard spec adds 16in alloy wheels, climate control, reversing sensors, automatic wipers, front fogs and electric folding mirrors. †II. Senses relating to fat. Cf. foggy adj. II. 8. Excess fat, flab. Cf. foggy adj. 6a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily substance > flesh > [noun] > flabby fog1581 flab1958 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions viii. 51 One compounded & made of fat and fog, brawnie and burdenous. 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxi. 128 In stead of firme substance, the body is ouercharged with a counterfette kinde of fatte, and hydropical fogge, which beareth shewe of good habite. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse iii. sig. D 5^v They [sc. fat fooles] were neither fitt for action nor contemplation, vntill they were disburdened of their fogg. Phrases in a fog and variants: in a state of confusion; confused, bewildered. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > confused, at a loss [phrase] at one's wit's end (occasionally ends)1377 seek1390 will of wane (also wone)a1400 will of redea1425 on wild1477 to be at a muse1548 at a loss1592 at a stopa1626 in a fog?c1640 in a wood1659 at a wit-standa1670 at sea1768 at fault1833 far to find, seek1879 ?c1640 W. Rowley et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) ii. ii. 20 How now Gentlemen, cloudy? I know Mr. Warbeck, you are in a fog about my Daughters marriage. 1835 Amer. Ann. Educ. 5 62 If you study till your head aches, and you are ‘all in a fog’, you will be just fit to study fifty things at once, and learn nothing. 1888 ‘M. Robertson’ Lombard St. Myst. xxii. 227 I confess that, until it came to light, I was in a fog. 1890 Pioneer Wisdom 4 Apr. 213/3 I sold a sermon to a person who seemed completely in a fog concerning the second advent of Christ. 1938 Hammond (Indiana) Times 21 Jan. 8/4 The boy..was apparently still in a fog about how and when to use the words. 1992 K. H. Page Body in Vestibule iii. 47 Faith woke up in a fog the next morning. 2014 M. Gander et al. Managing Your Career in Higher Educ. Admin. ii. 20 My first 6-8 months was actually spent in a complete fog because I couldn't figure out one end from the other. Compounds C1. a. General attributive and appositive (in senses 1a, 2), as fog cloud, fog layer, fog patch, fog smoke, etc. ΚΠ 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 10 Whiles all the night thro' fog smoke-white [Errata: fog-smoke white] Glimmer'd the white moon-shine. 1841 J. G. Whittier in New World 10 Apr. 225/3 No fog-cloud veiled the deep. 1870 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 252/2 The white fog-pall had closed over her life. 1912 M. P. Willcocks Wings of Desire viii. 167 Instead of the smell of fog-smoke, there came to his nostrils the scent of the bazaar. 1949 U. Pope-Hennessy Canon Charles Kingsley ii. 14 He watched a fog-cloud hanging densely over the lower parts of the city of Bristol. 1979 H. Walter Eleonora's Falcon ii. 20 The fog mass is 50 to 150 m high and may engulf the island and its cliffs at any time of day. 2015 Express (Nexis) 14 Feb. 2 Early mist and fog patches will clear as southerly winds strengthen. b. Instrumental and originative (in senses 1a, 2), as fog-born, fog-covered, fog-ridden, fog-shrouded, etc. ΚΠ 1692 T. Fletcher tr. Virgil in Poems Several Occasions i. 74 Base Fog-born Slaves! 1796 J. Thelwall Tribune III. xxxvii. 73 Nothing is to be seen to cheer his imagination but scudding clouds..and fog-bred meteors. 1837 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 411/1 The fog-covered swamps and dyke-bound marshes that extended on either side of the roadway. 1869 M. Twain Innocents Abroad xii. 107 Fog-wreathed peaks and never-melting snows. 1887 All Year Round 26 Feb. 135/1 Our chilly fog-ridden towns. 1915 St. Nicholas June 712/1 He was remembering..the fog-darkened room in the slums. 1918 Mid-Pacific Mag. June 520/2 The northern fog-born man does not long procurate in the sun-scorched lands. 1958 A. D. Hytier Two Years French Foreign Policy iii. 85 The Renown had tried to pursue the ships but had lost a day watching fog-hidden Casablanca. 2003 R. W. Judd Nat. States iv. 113 A fog-shrouded coast renowned for its huge tides and swift currents. C2. attributive designating an instrument used to sound a warning or signal to shipping in foggy weather, as fog alarm, fog bell, fog whistle, etc. See also foghorn n., fog signal n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > fog-whistle fog whistle1844 1781 J. Rickman Jrnl. Capt. Cook's Last Voy. Pacific 39 We kept the fog-bell constantly ringing and guns firing. 1837 C. T. Jackson 1st Ann. Rep. Geol. Maine 31 I may also be allowed to make a few remarks on the Light House and fog alarm at this place. 1844 tr. J. G. Kohl Eng., Wales & Sc. 59 The steam-boats..have their ‘fog-whistles’. 1854 Daily Globe (Washington, D.C.) 14 Oct. A mechanical fog trumpet, for light-houses and light-ships. 1922 Boston Evening Globe 15 Apr. 8/5 Mr. Cobb sounded three lusty toots from the wharf fog gong. 1923 Pop. Mech. Nov. 775/2 Lighthouses without attendants have been equipped with automatic fog bells. 1960 Pop. Mech. Apr. 278/2 Another liner sounded her fog whistle. 2003 A. Mason West Coast Adventures iii. 42 While keeping the light operational was of utmost importance, William was also responsible for maintaining the fog alarm. C3. fogbow n. an arc or ring of white or weakly coloured light, regarded as being similar in form to a rainbow, caused by light shining through fog. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > anthelion rainbow1555 crown1563 corone1569 corona1658 anthelion1670 fogbow1820 glory1823 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow fogbow1820 fog-circle1820 fog-eater1828 mist-bow1874 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. v. 394 The rainbow itself is an appearance so common, that there is no need of dwelling upon it. The fog-bow, or rather fog-circle, is..more rarely observed. 1927 Times 28 Oct. 17/5 For hours a mysterious fog-bow may span the small bay that lies beside the ruined castle of Dun Tuilm. 2009 New Scientist 21 Feb. 93/3 Occasionally, fogbows will show a bluish tinge to the inner edge and a reddish one on the outer. † fog-breaker n. Obsolete a drink taken to counteract the effects of damp or fog; = fog cutter n. ΚΠ 1845 S. Judd Margaret iii. 441 His pot-valiantry is gone; cold water is his only fog-breaker. fog buoy n. now historical a buoy used to aid navigation at sea in foggy conditions; spec. one towed behind a ship as a guide to vessels behind. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > fog warning devices > towed behind a ship fog buoy1851 1851 Lieut. D. D. Porter Let. July in Rep. Officers Constituting Light-house Board (1852) 209 A fog-buoy, with a heavy bell, should also be placed on the bight of Frying Pan shoal. 1884 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 9 May 751 Admiral Cator's fog buoy..is issued now to all ships of size in the Channel and Mediterranean fleets. 1939 War Illustr. 29 Dec. 532/2 In foggy weather..every ship tows from the stern on the end of a long line a brightly-painted wooden cask, which is known as a fog-buoy. 2012 M. G. Walling Forgotten Sacrifice v. 144 The ships lost sight of each other and began to sail whenever possible by the fog buoy towed by the vessel ahead. † fog-circle n. Obsolete a ring of white or weakly coloured light caused by light shining through fog; cf. fogbow n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow fogbow1820 fog-circle1820 fog-eater1828 mist-bow1874 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. v. 394 The rainbow itself is an appearance so common, that there is no need of dwelling upon it. The fog-bow, or rather fog-circle, is..more rarely observed. 1890 E. Gosse Life P. H. Gosse 62 The rare Arctic appearance known as the fog-bow, or fog-circle. fog cutter n. U.S. an alcoholic drink taken to counteract the effects of damp or fog; cf. anti-fogmatic n., fog-breaker n. ΚΠ 1833 Sketches & Eccentricities Col. D. Crockett xii. 157 They then take a fog-cutter, eat breakfast, and Slim returns to the charge. 1985 R. Schleeh in C. Yeager & L. Janos Yeager (1986) 183 We staged a ‘fogcutter’ party, filled a bottle with vodka, bourbon, scotch, and dash of ginger ale. 2014 J. A. Funderburg Bootleggers & Beer Barons of Prohibition Era iii. xviii. 306 Fishermen called this morning snort a phlegm-cutter, fog cutter, or anti-fogmatic. fog detonator n. Railways a small explosive device used to signal for a train driver to slow or stop, which is placed on the rails in foggy weather, or as an emergency measure, so as to be set off by the train as it passes; = fog signal n. 2, torpedo n. 3d. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > detonator used as fog signal fog signal1844 fog detonator1848 torpedo1877 fog1883 1848 Morning Chron. 21 Jan. Witness then produced one of the fog detonators. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Oct. 4/3 The cap of a fog-detonator. 1964 Guardian 6 Nov. 4/8 Police [warned]..children not to throw any fog detonators they might have found on to their bonfires. 2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 10 July 8 Some bring [to Drumcree protests] fireworks and fog detonators which, when they go off with the army in the background, look like an Edinburgh Tattoo display. fogdog n. (a) originally Nautical slang a break or clear patch in a fog at sea; (b) the part of a rainbow which meets the horizon; cf. dog n.¹ 9. ΚΠ 1831 Athenæum 2 Apr. 211/3 These transient breaks, which are called by the sailors ‘Fog dogs,’..are generally considered good. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 663 Dogg, the lower part of a rainbow visible towards the horizon, and betokening squally weather... On the banks of Newfoundland they are considered precursors of clearer weather, and termed fog-dogs. 1920 I. Hornibrook Coxswain Drake of Seascouts x. 152 Gosh! it is shutting in blinding thick—an' never a sign of a fog dog—a rift! 2000 L. Stegner Pipers at Gates Dawn 85 Several times she encountered clear spots where the fog was beginning to break—fogdogs, they were called. 2014 M. Lovric True & Splendid Hist. Harristown Sisters ix. 64 A great Irish rainbow had bloomed over all County Kildare with its fogdogs crouched right on the road back to Harristown. fog drift n. a drifting cloud of fog. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > drifting mass fog drift1846 1846 J. O'Connell Life & Speeches Daniel O'Connell I. 58 The mustering of a national sentiment in that year..was dissipated as utterly as the fog-drift before the breeze. 1853 Ecclesiologist 14 390 Fog-drifts drove rapidly over the bleak crags. 2007 J. Bertagna Zenith 126 They row in and out of fog drifts. fog drip n. water that condenses from fog, collects on vegetation, hard surfaces, etc., and drips to the ground. ΚΠ 1857 Cape Monthly Mag. Nov. 352 (table) Fog-drip. 1906 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 146/2 There he lied,—on the blue, spongy caribou-moss... Ay, there lied Botch in the fog-drip. 1995 Garden Nov. 668/2 Recorded precipitation averages 101cm (40in) a year, much of it from fog drip. fog-eater n. originally Nautical slang (chiefly North American) a white or faintly-coloured arch similar to a rainbow, produced when sunlight shines through fog; cf. fogbow n.With allusion to the belief that the appearance of a fog-eater signalled the lifting of the fog. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > fog- or mist-bow fogbow1820 fog-circle1820 fog-eater1828 mist-bow1874 1828 Worcester (Mass.) Talisman 31 May He looked up and said, sternly, there is a fog eater—at this moment the sun seemed to flash upon our deck, and the fog rose from the sea. 1963 North (Ottawa) Mar. 11/1 With the calms come fog bows—the ‘fog-eater’. 2001 D. K. Lynch & W. Livingston Color & Light in Nature (ed. 2) 263/2 Fog-eater, name for fogbow by Nova Scotia fishermen. fog-free adj. (a) without fog (in various senses); not foggy, clear; (b) (of a mirror, lens, etc.) resistant to condensation. ΚΠ 1876 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 22 Dec. 606/1 Fog-free negatives can only be obtained by treatment with chromate of potassium. 1904 Manch. Guardian 29 Dec. 2/7 The vagaries of the mist were most extraordinary... Now and then were found spaces of considerable extent which were altogether fog free. 1983 Washington Post 3 Mar. (Washington Home Suppl.) 11/2 If you've ever attempted to..shave in the shower, you've no doubt discovered it can be a tricky proposition. This product provides a fog-free mirror to make things easier. 2007 J. Ganahl Naked on Page (2008) 305 The fog-free sky is turquoise over the Bay. 2012 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 22 July 42 High-performance binoculars come with 10x magnification... They are also waterproof and fog-free. fog gun n. now historical a large gun or cannon used to sound a warning or signal to shipping in foggy weather. ΚΠ 1782 London Courant 25 Feb. This inattention in the masters of the ships under convoy, inevitably threw them out of a possibility of hearing the subsequent fog guns. 1839 Metropolitan July 17/2 Once again the Fog-gun booms. 1918 G. M. Wrong Conquest New France iii. 60 Fog guns and lights as signals of distress availed little to the ships in difficulty. 2004 Irish Times 25 Aug. 12/3 At one time a fog gun on the cliff edge was fired every 10 minutes. fog lamp n. a lamp used to give a signal, to increase an object's visibility, or to provide illumination in foggy weather; (in later use) esp. one of a pair of powerful headlights on a motor vehicle which are mounted low so as to illuminate the way ahead while reducing glare; cf. fog light n. ΚΠ 1876 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 28 Jan. 3/6 These men should also be supplied with detonating signals and fog lamps. 1879 H. James Eugene Pickering in Madonna of Future & Other Tales II. 43 I have a sense of having enshrouded myself in a sort of mist of talk, and of seeing her lovely eyes shining through it..like fog-lamps at sea. 1937 Times 13 Apr. p. xxii/4 In contributing to safety on the road by day or night, the makers of direction indicators and fog and anti-dazzle lamps have played a notable part. 2007 Volkswagen Driver Mar. 49/1 The lower part of the front apron (below the fog lamps) is body-coloured and a different shape from the standard car. fog light n. a lamp used to give a signal, to increase an object's visibility, or to provide illumination in foggy weather; (in later use) esp. one of a pair of powerful headlights on a motor vehicle which are mounted low so as to illuminate the way ahead while reducing glare; cf. fog lamp n. ΚΠ 1838 Aurora (Norwich, Connecticut) 24 Jan. Mr. Ruggles presented the petition of Insurance Companies in Boston, for the creation of a patent Fog Light in that harbor. 1925 Detroit Motor News June 26/1 In the Pacific Northwest these are known as ‘fog lights’, their low mounting casting a beam that penetrates the fog. 1962 Observer 2 Dec. 31/1 Most important accessories..Heater..screen-washers..fog-lights..loose covers..cigar-lighter. 2002 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Apr. Fog lights that slice through thickest pea soup like light sabers. fog limit n. Physics (now historical) the relative pressure or the level of supersaturation at which visible condensation occurs in a cloud chamber. ΚΠ 1905 C. Barus in Science 17 Feb. 275/2 I shall use the word fog-limit, to denote the difference (δp) of pressure between the outside (constant pressure) and the inside of the fog-chamber, to which sudden exhaustion must be carried in order that condensation may just occur in dust-free air saturated with moisture. 1974 F. F. Abraham Homogeneous Nucleation Theory i. 6 The current I changes almost discontinuously at the fog limit (the point at which the density of water drops is sufficient for visual observation). 2000 Internat. Jrnl. Thermal Sci. 39 1013/2 The knowledge of the fog limit is an important criterion for the design and operation of condensers. fog line n. (a) a line delimiting a bank or area of fog, or an area susceptible to fog; (b) (chiefly North American) a painted line providing a guide to road users in foggy conditions, esp. a white line marking the outer limit of the carriageway. ΚΠ 1850 E. Meriam Let. 24 Dec. in Ann. Rep. Superintendent Onondaga Salt Springs (Documents Assembly State N.Y. 74th Sess., No. 25) (1851) II. 51 The fog line is as distinctly drawn in the atmosphere in Tully as are the water lines there on the surface of the earth. 1876 Art Jrnl. 2 191/2 The delicate painting of the silver-tinted clouds which are revealed through the break in the fog-line. 1934 Frederick (Maryland) Post 11 Jan. 1/6 The ‘yellow center stripe or fog line’ is painted to aid motorists in traveling on foggy nights in the mountains. 1947 Ecol. Monogr. 17 526/1 Another [nuthatch] followed at 5:53, 4 at 6:08, 5 at 6:13, the last two groups wholly in the sun above the fog line. 1953 East Liverpool (Ohio) Rev. 4 Nov. 10/6 Crews of the Pughtown garage of the West Virginia Road Commission painted white fog lines Tuesday on Route 39. 1987 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 12 July Lang was walking on the paved shoulder, between the fog line and the gravel when they were hit from behind. 2005 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 16 Aug. a2/5 Keister appeared to be..driving in an ‘S’ between the fog line and the centerline of the road. 2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 15 June d3/4 Others..have followed Hirsch's lead in planting Pinot Noir and Chardonnay on the ridges above the fog line of the Sonoma Coast. fog-logged adj. †(a) detained by fog (obsolete rare); (b) shrouded in fog, foggy (rare); cf. waterlogged adj. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [adjective] > detained by bad weather storm-stayed1491 storm-stead1513 wintered1556 wind-bound1588 weather-bound1590 water-bound1776 ice-bound1822 snowed-up1836 fog-logged1846 snowed-in1904 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [adjective] > foggy > stopped by fog fogbound1814 fog-logged1846 1846 Peter Parley's Ann. 5 The Prince Regent..proceeding towards Hatfield got ‘fog-logged’, as it was called, and could not proceed. 1934 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 20 Oct. 10/2 A powerful Princeton high school football team last night swept down a fog-logged gridiron to crush the Beavers of Bluefield under a 27-0 score. 1993 Verse Spring 4 Every foglogged Friday we peered into The butcher's window. fog machine n. any of various machines which produce or disperse a fog-like substance; also figurative. ΚΠ 1889 Sat. Herald (Decatur, Illinois) 18 May A machine for the production of artificial fogs has been perfected. The object is to produce sufficient humidity in the air to render cotton-spinning possible... If the fog machine effects this it will rival the cotton gin in value. 1971 W. D. Fronk in R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) viii. 226 Aerosol generators or fog machines disperse insecticide into the air in the form of small particles in diameter from 0.1 to 50 microns. 2008 N.Y. Mag. 24 Mar. 20/1 Clinton was also possessed of the most prodigious fog machine in all of politics: the massive and relentless press operation that surrounded him in the White House. fog man n. now historical a man employed to signal to trains in foggy conditions by means of lights or flags, or by placing fog signals (fog signal n. 2) on the tracks; cf. fogger n.³, fog signalman n. at fog signal n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > signalman > with fog signals fog man1851 fog signalman1857 fogger1881 1851 Standard 14 Mar. Two fog-men or extra signal-men, were seen by the drivers.., exhibiting green, instead of red flags. 1928 Economist 20 Oct. 692/2 In foggy weather, unless the fog-men are out, he must not accept a train unless the line is clear to the box ahead. 2013 M. Foley Britain's Railway Disasters xiii. 186 Although a fog man did arrive at the signal, it was ten minutes after the collision took place. fog mull n. [ < fog n.² + a second element of uncertain origin; perhaps compare mull n.²] U.S. regional (Maine) a bank of dense, wet fog; an occurrence of such fog. ΚΠ 1893 Auk 10 302 The island lies about four miles southeast of the mainland of the town of St. George [Maine]. The capture was effected directly after a ‘fog mull’ and light rain. 1942 E. B. White in Harper's Mag. 1 Sept. 444/2 June was a miserable month of rains and fog mulls. 2012 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 13 Apr. Fog mull: a heavy, stationary fog bank; ‘That fog mull rolled in wicked fast, and now I can't see anything.’ † fog-pate n. Obsolete rare a muddle-headed person. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > confused, muddled person > [noun] mafflardc1450 juffler15.. dromedary1567 madbrain1570 batie buma1586 addle-head1592 blunderkin1596 nit1598 addle-pate1601 hash1655 blunderbuss1692 blunderhead1692 shaffles1703 fog-pate1732 blunderer1741 puzzle-pate1761 slouch1767 étourdi1768 botch1769 puddle1782 bumble1789 scatter-brain1790 addle-brain1799 puzzle-head1815 shaffler1828 chowderhead1833 muddlehead1833 muddler1833 flounderer1836 duffer1842 muddle-pate1844 plug1848 incompetent1866 schlemiel1868 dinlo1873 drumble-dore1881 hodmandod1881 dub1887 prune1895 foozler1896 bollock1916 messer1926 Pilot Officer (also P.O.) Prune1942 spaz1965 spastic1981 1732 Hyp-doctor 2 May Reasoning..with these eternal Fog-pates. fog ring n. (a) an arc or ring of white or weakly coloured light, similar in form to a rainbow, caused by light shining through fog; = fogbow n. (obsolete rare); (b) a bank of fog occurring in the shape of a ring (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > bank or ring of fog fog bank1635 fog ring1845 1845 Athenæum 18 Jan. 700/1 ‘On Fog-rings observed in America,’ by Sir D. Brewster—This paper had been communicated to Sir D. Brewster by Sir John P. Boileau. 1852 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art Suppl. Fog-rings, banks of fog arranged in a circular or ring form. 1930 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 18 Nov. 3/3 A mail plane from Cleveland was forced down at Bellefonte, Pa., on the rim of the eastern fog ring. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † fogadj. Origin: Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.² Etymology: Perhaps < fog n.² (compare fog n.² 8). Compare earlier foggish adj.¹, foggy adj. 6a. Obsolete. rare. Fat; bloated. Cf. foggy adj. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump fatc893 frimOE fullOE overfatOE greatOE bald1297 roundc1300 encorsivea1340 fattishc1369 fleshyc1369 fleshlyc1374 repletea1398 largec1405 corsious1430 corpulentc1440 corsyc1440 fulsome1447 portlyc1487 corporate1509 foggy fata1529 corsive1530 foggish?1537 plump1545 fatty1552 fleshful1552 pubble1566 plum1570 pursy1576 well-fleshed1576 gross?1577 fog1582 forfatted1586 gulchy1598 bouksome1600 fat-fed1607 meatified1607 chuff1609 plumpya1616 bloat1638 blowze-like1647 obese1651 jollya1661 bloated1664 chubbed1674 pluffya1689 puffya1689 pussy1688 sappy1694 crummy1718 chubby1722 fodgel1724 well-padded1737 beefy1743 plumpish1753 pudsy1754 rotund1762 portable1770 lusty1777 roundabout1787 well-cushioned1802 plenitudinous1803 stout1804 embonpointc1806 roly-poly1808 adipose1810 roll-about1815 foggy1817 poddy1823 porky1828 hide-blown1834 tubby1835 stoutish1836 tubbish1836 superfatted1841 pottle-bodied1842 pincushiony1851 opulent1882 well-covered1884 well-upholstered1886 butterball1888 endomorphic1888 tisty-tosty1888 pachyntic1890 barrel-bodied1894 overweight1899 pussy-gutted1906 upholstered1924 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 63 Polyphem..A fowle fog monster. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2018). fogv.¹ Brit. /fɒɡ/, U.S. /fɔɡ/, /fɑɡ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.² Etymology: < fog n.² Compare befog v. 1. a. transitive. To cover, envelop, or fill with fog, mist, or clouds of dust, smoke, etc.; to obscure or stifle with fog. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > make indistinct overcloudc1550 fog?1592 blura1616 soften1672 obumbilatea1711 slur1782 haze1801 veil1843 fuzz1907 defocus1955 ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. C2 Fog not thy glory with so fowle eclipse. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. i. 19 Somtimes by clouds it [sc. the Sunne] is enueloped, and by mists fogged. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 123 That the light of Divine truth, may..not be fogg'd, and misted with filthy vapours. 1811 Ld. Byron Let. 14 Jan. (1973) II. 35 I might have staied smoked in your towns or fogged in your country a century. 1881 W. C. Russell Ocean Free-lance I. vi. 296 The hurricanes which..fogged her decks with flying spume. 1906 C. W. Stubbs Christ of Eng. Poetry i. 6 Fogged..in the mist of scholasticism, or blinded by the dust of controversy. 1986 London Mag. Mar. 68/1 Smoke from cooking fires fogged the air. 2008 S. Gregory Perils & Dangers this Night iii. 28 The cloud fogged the moon. b. intransitive. With non-referential it as subject, in it is fogging, etc.: it is foggy; there is fog.In quot. 1804 in elliptical use. ΚΠ 1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. X3^v This day at noone I had a little cleare, and stood in to the S, W. ward when it fogged againe, I lay to Hull. 1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 7 Nov. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 231 We continued to building our hut, Cloudy and fogging all day. 1851 N.Y. Daily-Times 27 Sept. For two days it rained outright, and two other days it fogged, and misted, and drizzled. 1919 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 8 Oct. 3/4 For the first three days after your arrival it had fogged so persistently..that the windows might as well have been blank walls. 1959 Spectator 16 Jan. 63/1 It snowed, it froze and it fogged. 2010 Beausejour Rev. 16 Dec. 32/2 Santa was not happy because it was fogging, and the tree stopped glowing. †2. intransitive. to fog off: (of a seedling) to perish or rot through being attacked by any of several fungi or fungus-like microorganisms which often cause whitish mould to develop; = to damp off at damp v. 6. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] > root-fall or damp off to fog off1802 root-fall1804 to damp off1846 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by damp to take wet1513 to moisture away1519 reta1642 to fog off1802 sodden1821 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (intransitive)] > of plant: perish from damp to fog off1802 1802 Rural Recreations (Soc. Pract. Gardeners) Dec. 342 The glasses should be tilted up, to admit the fresh air, and prevent the plants fogging off and decaying as soon as they are up. 1849 Florist Aug. 221 Watch carefully that decayed leaves do not cause the cuttings to fog off. 1880 Notes & Queries 20 Nov. 406 A gardener speaks of his cuttings from bedding plants which have not taken root as having ‘fogged off’. 1921 J. C. Cunningham Products of Empire 3 The best way to study plants is to grow them for ourselves. Even when our attempt is a failure, and they fog off and die, that chastening experience at least teaches us that the ‘environment’ we provided was not suited to our poor victims. 3. a. transitive. To make (an idea, issue, etc.) difficult to understand; to obscure; to cloud. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > make obscure [verb (transitive)] obfusk1490 darken1526 obfuscate1536 perplex1547 overcloudc1550 offuscate1567 obscure1584 offusque1599 intenebrate1618 tenebrificatec1743 nubilate1801 riddle1817 obscurify1826 obfusticate1834 fog1847 1847 Christian Observatory Oct. 469 The divines, in their attempts at explanation, had fogged and beclouded the matter-of-fact statements of the Bible. 1890 B. Sharpe in Nature 30 Oct. 634 To merge many species under the genus Picus tends to fog and confuse the ideas of geographical distribution. 1938 San Antonio (Texas) Light 29 May (Amer. Weekly section) 6/1 The magic, alchemy and astrology that fogged up the study of drugs for centuries. 1967 Life 28 July 14 a/1 Both sides have so fogged up the issue with emotion that it had become totally incomprehensible. 2010 H. Jones Blue & Gray Diplomacy iii. 97 He fogged the matter.., when he would have stood on fairly sound legal footing by emphasizing self-defense. b. transitive. To confuse or confound (a person, the mind, etc.); to bewilder, mystify. Also intransitive: to become confused or hazy. Sometimes with up. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] abobc1330 confusec1350 confoundc1374 cumbera1375 passc1384 maskerc1400 mopc1425 enose1430 manga1450 overmusec1460 perplex1477 maze1482 enmuse1502 ruffle?a1505 unsteady1532 entangle1540 duddle1548 intricate1548 distraught1579 distract1582 mizzle1583 moider1587 amuse1595 mist1598 bepuzzle1599 gravel1601 plunder1601 puzzle1603 intrigue1612 vexa1613 metagrobolize?a1616 befumea1618 fuddle1617 crucify1621 bumfiddlea1625 implicate1625 giddify1628 wilder1642 buzzlea1644 empuzzle1646 dunce1649 addle1652 meander1652 emberlucock1653 flounder1654 study1654 disorient1655 embarrass?1656 essome1660 embrangle1664 jumble1668 dunt1672 muse1673 clutter1685 emblustricate1693 fluster1720 disorientate1728 obfuscate1729 fickle1736 flustrate1797 unharmonize1797 mystify1806 maffle1811 boggle1835 unballast1836 stomber1841 throw1844 serpentine1850 unbalance1856 tickle1865 fog1872 bumfuzzle1878 wander1897 to put off1909 defeat1914 dither1919 befuddle1926 ungear1931 to screw up1941 1872 Aldine June 110/1 He argues me out of all demur, With logic that fogs my common sense. 1888 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 11/1 These folks fog me..I can't talk their lingo. 1899 Pick-me-up 7 Oct. 23/1 I had fogged up the rest of my reason with fizzing drinks. 1933 Pop. Aviation Mar. 192/1 My mind began to fog over, and my only thought was to stop the spin. 1958 Mod. Vet. Pract. 39 iv. 76/2 Too long the specter of the lean years in the past has fogged up our thinking. 1991 A. Campbell Sidewinder ix. 109 I work hard on my novel, and when my mind fogs up I do chores around the house. 2011 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 24 May (Sports section) b7 Pain and drugs sometimes fogged his brain. 4. transitive. Photography. To cause (a developed photograph or its image) to develop a cloudy quality or to become obscured by cloudiness or haziness. Also intransitive: (of a developed photograph or its image) to develop such a cloudy or obscuring quality. Sometimes with over, up. Cf. fog n.² 4. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [verb (transitive)] > make indistinct fog1854 veil1854 soft-focus1928 1854 Jrnl. Photogr. Soc. 21 Jan. 163/2 The relative values of acid or alkaline baths with respect to ‘fogging over’ the impressions taken on collodion. 1865 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Mar. 158/2 The negative was slightly fogged. 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 210 The flash of sunlight fogged the plate. 1900 Electr. World & Engineer 16 June 905/3 If the picture fogs, it needs more light. 1930 J. Belling Use of Microscope vii. 68 Reflections at cover-glass or slide surfaces cause extraneous light (glare), which fogs the image. 1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) ii. 14 Rollins advised X-ray users to expose a photographic plate to their equipment for seven minutes. If the plate did not fog up in that time, the equipment was adequately shielded. 2007 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 15 Apr. 5 c The X-ray machine used to check carry-on baggage could fog film. So the digital camera is a great choice for travelers. 5. intransitive. On a railway: to signal to trains in foggy weather, esp. by placing fog signals (fog signal n. 2) on the line. Also transitive: to place fog signals on (the line). Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1874 Standard 14 Feb. 2/6 There was a man between the signals ‘fogging’. 1889 N. Wales Chron. 21 Dec. 6/6 Fogging the line, sir, is putting fog signals up and down it, as a sign for the train to go slowly. 1907 Times 13 Nov. 9/5 William Harmer, a platelayer, stated that he was ‘fogging’ at the home signal when the goods train drew up. 1928 C. J. Allen Railway Planning & Making ix. 115 Men engaged on this work had frequently to cross the lines, in order to fog for tracks other than the one nearest them. 1967 G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway iv. 47 The sub-ganger who had fogged the post before him said that he left the magazine..in Crowlands signalbox. 6. a. intransitive. Of a window, mirror, etc.: to become covered with condensed water vapour; to steam or mist up. Also with up, over. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > become opaque [verb (intransitive)] > with steam or mist fog1902 1902 Lick Observatory Bull. 2 13/2 Object glass fogged over before measures of position could be made. 1907 Dental Era June 291 If your mirror fogs simply blow a little air on same and in an instant it is clear again. 1923 Geogr. Jrnl. 61 207 At heights below 17,000 feet the glasses fogged up because there is no possibility of air escaping freely from over the eyes. 1988 H. Watzman tr. D. Grossman Yellow Wind (1989) viii. 95 His thick eyeglasses fog over, despite the coldness of the large, unheated house. 2015 Newcastle (Austral.) Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Suppl.) 8 The car windows fogged, blocking out the beach. b. transitive. To cause (a window, mirror, etc.) to be covered with condensed water vapour; to steam or mist up. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > render opaque [verb (transitive)] > by steam or mist fog1905 1905 Lick Observatory Bull. 1904–5 3 126/2 The danger of fogging the mirror is..very small. 1931 Ogden (Utah) Standard 12 Jan. 5/3 The fine mist which fell in the afternoon and evening froze and fogged up the windshields the moment it hit the glass. 1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 227 He..entered the kitchen, the lamplit warmth where the stove glowed, fogging the windows. 1982 Pop. Photogr. May 106/3 Taking a cold camera into a warm building often results in condensation, which..fogs up the lens. 2005 J. Kelly Moon Tunnel vi. 41 Steam fogged its metal-framed windows, obscuring the interior. 7. transitive. To treat with a fog of pesticide, fungicide, etc. (cf. fog n.² 6). ΚΠ 1912 R. F. Howard Spraying Apple Trees 66 in Publ. Docs. State of Nebraska (Univ. Nebraska Agric. Exper. Station Press Bull. No. 37) IV Merely fogging the tree from the windward side, letting the mist float thru, is not spraying. 1947 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 34 495/2 Numerous other more actively growing weed species were fogged. 1986 New Yorker 29 Dec. 63/2 The authorities began fogging the lagoon area, in order to kill the adult mosquitoes. 2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 9 Oct. viii. 4/2 At dusk each day, guests were advised to go inside..so an enormous belching machine could fog the property with pesticide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † fogv.² Origin: Apparently formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: fogger n.¹ Etymology: Apparently a back-formation < fogger n.¹, apprehended as an agent noun in -er suffix¹. Compare later fogging n.³ Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To use underhand or dishonourable means to obtain personal gain.In quot. with reference to a lawyer. Cf. fogger n.¹ 1, pettifogger n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > act fraudulently, cheat [verb (intransitive)] faitc1330 defraudc1384 to take (the) advantagea1393 false1393 halt1412 haft1519 juggle1528 wily beguile1550 foist1584 lurch1593 fog1621 imposture1624 rook1637 impone1640 cheat1647 chicane1671 humbug1753 fineer1765 gag1781 mountebank1814 jockeya1835 sniggle1837 barney1848 straw1851 honeyfuggle1856 skinch1891 finagle1926 1621 R. Speed Counter-scuffle sig. C2 Wert not for vs, thou Swad, quoth he, Where would'st thou fog to get a Fee? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2018). fogv.³ Brit. /fɒɡ/, U.S. /fɑɡ/, Scottish English /fɔɡ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fog n.¹ Etymology: < fog n.¹ With sense 2 compare fogged adj.² 1 and fogging n.¹ 2. 1. Scottish. †a. transitive. To pack or cover (a wall, roof, etc.) with moss. Cf. fog n.¹ 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > fill in gaps stop1388 beamfill1469 stuff1601 caulk1616 run1657 strike1668 fog1678 chinse1770 sneck1792 darn1801 pug1820 chink1822 grout1838 fillet1843 gallet1851 slush1875 putty1879 spackle1950 1678 Contract 8 Oct. in Misc. Sc. Hist. Soc. (1990) XI. 303 And the loft benath to be sylloured with firr and fogged betuxt. 1913 J. Allardyce Byegone Days 26 The houses were dry stone walls, with feal gables, and the roof was covered with divots...After harvest the women gathered moss and stuffed the worst of the crevices. This work was called ‘foggin' the wa's’. b. intransitive. To become covered with moss. Cf. fog n.¹ 2. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in north-eastern Scotland and Angus in 1952. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > become mossy [verb (intransitive)] mossc1390 fog1715 1715 A. Pennecuik Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale 31 About this town [sc. Peebles]..fruit and forest trees..are seldom seen either to fog or be bark-bound. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 525 The hedges fog at the stem. 1810 G. Chalmers Caledonia II. iii. 204 St. Bothan's well..neither fogs nor freezes. 1921 M. Argo Janet's Choice 16 I ha'e brocht them up to ken that a rowin stane disna fog. 2. Agriculture. †a. transitive. To leave (land, pastures, etc.) with long grass, esp. in order to provide winter grazing. Cf. fog n.¹ 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop > cut long tufts of grass > leave long grass standing fog1793 1793 Let. 9 Nov. in G. Rennie et al. Gen. View Agric. W. Riding Yorks. (1794) App. ii. 82 Most of the principal graziers take all their stock out of some of their best pastures in the beginning of July, and put nothing in them till about Michaelmas, when they are equal or superior to the best fog; indeed they call this, fogging their pastures. 1814 W. Davies Gen. View Agric. S. Wales I. viii. §2.545 We saw a piece that had been fogged successively for sixteen years; and..was improving annually. 1887 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 23 89 Formerly it was customary to fog land, the object being to provide early keep in the spring. b. transitive. To feed (livestock) on fog (fog n.¹ 1a). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Midlothian in 1953. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] fog1855 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Fog, in agriculture, to feed off the fog or pasture in winter, as cattle. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Fog, to give fodder to cattle. 1900 Sc. Farmer 24 Nov. The good ewes are..‘fogged’ in the earliest districts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1400n.²1544adj.1582v.¹?1592v.²1621v.³1678
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fogn.1

Compounds

fogn.2

Phrases

Compounds

† fogadj.

fogv.1

† fogv.2

fogv.3

fogn.¹

fogn.²

fogv.¹

† fogv.²

fogv.³