单词 | fold |
释义 | † foldn.1 Obsolete. 1. (a) The surface of the earth; the ground. (b) Dry land; the earth, as the dwelling-place of man. in, on, upon fold: on the earth; often as a mere expletive. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > [noun] all the worldeOE mouldOE worldOE earthOE earthricheOE foldOE worldricheOE motherOE wonec1275 mound?a1300 wildernessa1340 mappemondea1393 lower worlda1398 the whole worlda1513 orba1550 the (also this) globe1553 the earthly globe1553 mother earth1568 the glimpses of the moon1603 universe1630 outer world1661 terrene1667 Orphic egg1684 Midgard1770 all outdoors1833 Planet Earth1858 overworld1911 Spaceship Earth1966 the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] ground971 earthOE fleta1000 foldOE landOE floor?a1400 soila1400 margin?a1425 yird1433 sulye1434 swardc1440 leaa1475 paithmentc1480 visagea1500 crust1555 mother earth1568 solum1829 carpet1918 deck1925 dutty1925 OE Beowulf 1137 Ða wæs winter scacen, fæger foldan bearm. OE Judith 281 He þa lungre gefeoll freorig to foldan, ongan his feax teran. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7850 Nat ic on folde what his fader weoren. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 962 Al þe feond to-barst ær he to folde [c1300 Otho grunde] come. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 643 Formest þo in fold He lete him in þring. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5382 A kastel ful nobul, þe fairest vpon fold. a1400–50 Alexander 2087 Fey falne to þe fold many fers erlis. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 422 Þe kay fot on þe folde he be-fore sette. c1400 Rowland & O. 418 Then sayde thies Damesels fre one folde. c1440 Bone Flor. 342 Many other waturs come thorow the town, That fresche are upon folde. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 385 Felle frekis on fold war fellyt wndyr feit. a1500 R. Henryson Ressoning betuix Aige & Yowth 28 in Poems (1981) 171 I wes..Ane freik on fold, Als glad, als gay..as ȝe. 2. A country, district, land. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] landc725 kithc888 thedec888 earthOE groundOE foldOE countryc1300 marchc1330 nationc1330 wonec1330 provincea1382 soila1400 strandc1400 terragec1440 room1468 limita1513 limitationa1527 seat1535 terrene1863 negara1955 negeri1958 OE Genesis 1969 Þa wæs guðhergum be Iordane wera eðelland wide geondsended, folde feondum. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 23 Mo ferlyes on þis folde han fallen here oft Þen in any oþer þat I wot. Compounds foldsitter n. of the hare: one who sits on the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus europaeus (hare) harea700 wimountc1280 wood-catc1280 babbart?a1300 ballart?a1300 bigge?a1300 goibert?a1300 grasshopper?a1300 lightfoot?a1300 long-ear?a1300 make-fare?a1300 pintail?a1300 pollart?a1300 purblind?a1300 roulekere?a1300 scot?a1300 scotewine?a1300 side-looker?a1300 sitter?a1300 westlooker?a1300 wort-cropper?a1300 break-forwardc1300 broom-catc1300 swikebertc1300 cawel-herta1325 deuberta1325 deudinga1325 fern-sittera1325 fitelfoota1325 foldsittera1325 furze cata1325 scutardea1325 skikarta1325 stobherta1325 straw deera1325 turpina1325 skulker1387 chavarta1400 soillarta1400 waldeneiea1400 scutc1440 coward1486 wata1500 bawtiec1536 puss1575 watkin1585 malkin1706 pussy1715 bawd1785 lion1825 dew-hopper- a1325 Names Hare in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 133 The fitelfot, the foldsittere. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021). foldn.2 1. a. A pen or enclosure for domestic animals, esp. sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen folda700 lockeOE pen1227 foldingc1440 pend1542 cub1548 hull1570 corral1582 boolya1599 ree1674 crew1681 reeve1720 stell1766 pound1779 kraal1796 fank1812 poundage1866 forcing-yard1890 a700 Epinal Gloss. 959 Stabulum, falaed. a800 Corpus Gloss. 310 Bofellum, falud. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) x. 1 Se þe ne gæð æt þam gete into sceapa falde..he is þeof. a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 260 Ge on felda, ge on falde. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3339 Till hirdess þær þær þeȝȝ þatt nihht Biwokenn þeȝȝre faldess. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John x. 1 He that cometh not in by the dore in to the fold of the scheep, but stiȝeth vp by another weye, is nyȝt thef and day thef. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3671 Iacob went vn to þe fald And broght þe bestes. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 177 Twa scheipe thai tuk besid thaim of a fauld. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiiiv To be set in a folde all night wtout meate. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 Oft the Flocks,..Nor Folds, nor hospitable Harbour know. View more context for this quotation 1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 387 The lee-lang night we watch'd the fauld, Me and my faithfu' doggie. 1800 W. Wordsworth Pet-lamb in Lyrical Ballads (ed. 2) II. 142 Our house shall be thy fold. b. figurative, esp in a spiritual sense. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > [noun] sheepc825 herdc1000 layc1330 flocka1340 fold1340 clergy1382 temporalty1387 lay-feec1425 temporalityc1485 laity?1541 lealty1548 people1549 layperson1972 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4640 In haly kirkes falde. 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 247 You come into the fold of Christ without him. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxii To kepe the wolfe from the folde, that is the Frenche kynge, from your Castels and dominions. 1821 P. B. Shelley Death Napoleon 5 The last of the flock of the starry fold. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 182 Although South America is nominally Catholic, there are few parts of the fold which give more anxiety at Rome. c. The sheep contained in a fold. Also †the movable fold, and the sheep penned in it. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by habitat mountain sheep1596 fold1669 heath-cropper1819 bush-sheep1870 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 219 To run the Fold over it, and well settle it. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 33 The bleating Fold. 1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues iii. 16 'Till late at silent Eve she penn'd the Fold. d. transferred. An enclosure of any kind; a dwelling. †in fere and fold: in prison together. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > [noun] earneOE wickc900 bottleeOE innOE boldOE wonningc1000 wanea1225 wonea1250 bidea1300 dwelling1340 habitaculec1374 habitaclec1384 habitationc1384 mansionc1385 placea1387 manantie?a1400 dungeonc1460 longhousec1460 folda1500 residencea1522 abode1549 bield1570 lodgement1598 bidinga1600 sit-house1743 location1795 wigwam1817 address1855 yard1865 res1882 nivas1914 multifamily1952 society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [adverb] > in prison > in prison together in fere and folda1500 a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 309 In a dongon..Fowyre good Erylles sonnys..Ys fet in fere and fold. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 18 Inclositt amyd ane fald of stakis. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Folde, or packe, or pownde to pinne distress, caula. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 113 Far off from men we built a fold for them. 2. a. An enclosed piece of ground forming part of a farm, as a farm-yard. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard yardc1300 barnyard1354 closec1386 fold?a1505 barton1552 town-place1602 homestall1653 fold-stead1663 farmyard1686 fold-garth1788 fold-yard1800 farm court1807 a1505 R. Henryson Robene & Makyne 96 in Poems (1981) 178 Be firth, forrest, or fawld. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 165 That no schouris..Effray suld flouris nor fowlis on the fold. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 41 Auld Marget, in the fauld she sits. b. transferred. The ‘yard’ belonging to a mill, etc.; a cluster of houses standing in such a yard. ΚΠ 1863 Lancash. Fents, New Shirt 3 A pretty weaver lass..had taken her sewing up the ‘fowt’. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Fold, Fowd, or Fowt, a cluster of houses. 1889 S. Baring-Gould Pennycomequicks (1890) 58 The houses in the ‘folds’ were deserted. Compounds C1. General attributive. fold-manure n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > dunging > dung dungOE muckc1268 dunging?1440 fimea1475 fulyiec1480 tath1492 soil1607 street soil1607 dung-water1608 soiling1610 mucking1611 short dung, manure, muck1618 folding1626 muck water1626 stable manure1629 long dung1658 spit-dunga1671 stercoration1694 street dirt1694 horse-litter1721 pot-dunga1722 sock1790 street manure1793 police manure1825 fold-manure1829 slurry1965 1829 Bone Manure: Rep. Doncaster Comm. Agric. Assoc. 5 Forty or fifty cart loads of fold manure. fold-stake n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > folding sheep > fold or pen > materials for fold-dike1437 fold-stakec1475 wreath1495 toiling1805 fold-shore1811 c1475 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 814 Hic palus, a foldstake. fold-stead n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard yardc1300 barnyard1354 closec1386 fold?a1505 barton1552 town-place1602 homestall1653 fold-stead1663 farmyard1686 fold-garth1788 fold-yard1800 farm court1807 1663 MS. Indenture (Barlby, Yorks.) 2 gardens and 2 fold~steads. C2. fold-garth n. farm-yard. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard yardc1300 barnyard1354 closec1386 fold?a1505 barton1552 town-place1602 homestall1653 fold-stead1663 farmyard1686 fold-garth1788 fold-yard1800 farm court1807 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 329 Foldgarth.., farm-yard. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Faud-garth, the fold-yard. fold-mucked adj. (ground) manured by folding sheep upon it. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [adjective] > dunged > by animals fold-muckeda1642 a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 19 Wee can neaver gette above one Demaine-flatte fold-mucked in a whole summer. fold-pitcher n. an iron crowbar used in pitching or setting up hurdles. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lever or crowbar > [noun] > other levers or crowbars looder1545 gablock?1746 pig's foot1790 lewder tree1808 monkey tail1822 fold-pitcher1832 pointer1875 Lord Mayor1877 tire-iron1952 1832 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 3 No. 16. 648 Setting hurdles is most expeditiously done by the aid of a..fold pitcher. fold-shore n. (see quot. 1811). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > folding sheep > fold or pen > materials for fold-dike1437 fold-stakec1475 wreath1495 toiling1805 fold-shore1811 1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 263 Fossels, or Fold-shores, the stakes to which the hurdles are fastened with a loose twig-wreath at the top. 1878 Jackson in Wilts. Archæol. Mag. XVII. 304 The fold-shores. fold-tread v. = fold v.2 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > dung > by putting animals on land tathec1440 fold1671 sheep1808 fold-tread1854 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 420 [He] also fold-treads his turnip-land before the seed is drilled. foldwards adv. towards the fold. ΚΠ 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 462 Who stood awhile..Then slowly gat him foldwards. fold-yard n. = fold-garth n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard yardc1300 barnyard1354 closec1386 fold?a1505 barton1552 town-place1602 homestall1653 fold-stead1663 farmyard1686 fold-garth1788 fold-yard1800 farm court1807 1800 Gentleman's Mag. 2 1291 He..had been feeding him in the fold yard. 1839 Selby in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 7. 192 The..Finch tribe..found..food..in the stack and fold-yards. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). foldn.3 1. a. A bend or ply, such as is produced when any more or less flexible object is folded; one of the parts, or both of them together, which are brought together in folding; spec. (see quot. 1882). †In early poetic use, in fold, of rich fold, is a formula often introduced with little meaning in descriptions of costly garments. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > a fold foldc1325 plya1500 roll1509 ploy1558 implexure1578 folding1669 plication1701 c1325 Metr. Hom. 113 Uestement of riche fold. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23452 In clething cled o riche fald. a1400 Sir Perc. 32 He gaffe his sister hym tille..With robes in folde. ?c1475 Sqr. Lowe Degre 835 Your curtaines of camaca, all in folde. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. viii. 94 Thai byd display thair banaris out of faldis. 1689 London Gaz. No. 2470/4 Several Pieces of Guilix and Gentish Hollands in the Long Fold. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Drapery As to the Folds, they should be so manag'd, that you may easily perceive what it is that they cover. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxvi. 163 The monarch's mantle too he bore, And drew the fold his visage o'er. 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 36 When blown, these bellows form two, three, or more folds. a1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 105/1 g has a fold to each plate; these lock upon each other. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 212/1 Folds. The draping produced by Pleating or Gathering at the waist of a skirt; or the flat plaits on any part of a skirt, bodice, or sleeve, secured at each end to the dress to keep them in place. b. A similar configuration in animal and vegetable structures; spec. the median elevation of the dorsal valve in brachiopods; also in gasteropods. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold folda1250 plight1543 duplication1578 reduplication1578 sinus1615 plica1660 recess1666 duplicature1683 reduplicature1698 geniculum1701 genu1854 infraction1882 uncinate1891 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 602 A mong þe folde of harde rinde. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. l, in Bulwarke of Defence Masticke..will..not suffre Scamonie, to cliue to the foltes [1579 foldes] of the stomacke. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. G7v Those inward shuts or folds that are within the veines. 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi. 101 The inward Coat of a Lion's Stomach has stronger Folds than a Human. 1837 T. R. Jones in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 380/2 In all the conchiferous Gasteropods it [sc. the mantle] lines the interior of the shell..forming a distinct fold..round its aperture. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 283 The folds of enamel that penetrate the substance of the tooth. 1861 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 3) xix. 486 A fold of the alimentary canal. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 294 Two ‘mantle’ folds, one dorsal, the other ventral, line the corresponding valves... A ‘brachial’ groove bounded on its inner side by a prominent fold or lip. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 692 They [sc. the valves of Coelomate Metazoa] are lined by two mantle folds or extensions of the body walls. 1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. III. 264 The folds or plaits on the columella, which are often characteristic of the genus or even family (e.g. Fasciolariidae, Mitridae, Turbinellidae) are not merely external, but continue down the whole spire. 1942 L. H. Hyman Compar. Vertebr. Anat. (ed. 2) xi. 289 The tonsillar fossa is bounded in front and behind by low folds. 1949 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Body x. 294 In jawed fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the lips are in general small and unimportant skin folds. 1964 W. W. Ballard Compar. Anat. & Embryol. xi. 193 The amnion is usually formed through the agency of two crescentic amniotic folds. c. A winding or sinuosity; spec. an undulation or gentle curve of the ground; a slight hill or hollow; the general grouping of heights and hollows. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [noun] folda1250 siddle1849 plication1859 saddleback1865 the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [noun] > winding curve(s) folda1250 windinga1387 wrinkling1387 revolution?a1425 wrinkle1430 crink1567 crank1572 cringle-crangle1573 crinkle1596 crankle1598 crinkle-crankle1598 meander1603 anfractuosity1612 ins and outs1655 sinuationa1676 insinuationa1684 anfractus1719 sinuosity1720 flexuosity1737 evolution1765 cringle1808 wriggle1825 voluminosity1841 squiggle1902 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation accident1600 fold1601 roll1827 roller1849 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 696 Ȝif he ne con his wit atholde Ne fint he red in one folde. 1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 178v The fouldes or indented places of the mountaynes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 113 That towne..stood as it were in a fold, or plait, or nouke thereof [i.e. of the gulf]. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 231 The folds of the mountains. 1869 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 191 Br. Sidgreaves has heard the high ridges of a field called folds and the hollow between the drip. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 143 The winding folds of the glen. 1901 Daily News 19 Jan. 5/3 Four companies of the Rifle Brigade were concealed behind a fold of ground. 1904 A. E. Fletcher Gainsborough 88 The fold of the fields and the grouping of trees. 1930 Morning Post 17 June 20/5 Delightful house in a fold of the Downs. d. A layer or ‘thickness’ (of cloth, etc.); a coat (of an onion). †With numerals, singular in plural sense. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > one of a series of > of cloth, paper, or something folded plya1500 fold1527 ploy1558 thickness1815 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > skin, seed, shoots, or bulbs onion seed1356 scallion1393 cartilage1563 onion skin1616 fold1675 tunic1832 onion set1859 grass1885 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Djv Two or iii folde of clowte wet in the same water. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §771 The Ancient Ægyptian Mummies were shrowded in a Number of Folds of Linnen. 1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xix. 232 The fold of a dry Onion. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 343 With sev'n distinguish'd folds, Of tough Bull Hides. 1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 64 Wrapping up the part in several folds of flannel. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 116 It must be..dried between folds of blotting paper. e. In a serpent's body: A coil. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > coil fold1593 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fiij An adder, Wreath'd vp in fatall folds . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 498 Circular base of rising foulds, that tour'd Fould above fould a surging Maze. View more context for this quotation 1697 T. Creech tr. Manilius Five Bks. i. ix. 14 Secure from meeting they're distinctly roll'd, Nor leave their Seats, and pass the dreadfull fold [of the constellation Draco]. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 93 Serpents..clasp you in their folds. f. A length (of string) between two bends. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length > a long or continuous extent of something > specifically of string between bends fold1839 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 69 Each fold of string sustains a share of the weight. g. Building. (See quot. 1842.) ΚΠ 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 574 Floors..which are folded, that is, when the boards are laid in divisions, whose side vertical joints are not continuous, but in bays of three, four, five, or more boards in a bay or fold. h. Geology. A bend in rock strata, esp. one having a wave-like form. ΚΠ 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 104 One fold or flexure in the rocks may succeed to another, or they may form interrupted series. 1885 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (ed. 4) 61 Stratified rocks have their strata usually bent into parallel folds forming anticlinal and synclinal curves. 1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. v. 68 Before the recognition of recumbent folds or nappes..the Alps were usually interpreted as showing ‘fan-folding’. 1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) ix. 212 Folds range in intensity from broad and gentle undulations to tightly compressed plications in which the dips of the beds are almost parallel, except near the hinge-lines. 2. Something that is or may be folded; a leaf of a book, a sheet of paper, one of the leaves of a folding-door. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > that which is or may be folded foldc1315 double1602 c1315 Shoreham 91 Ase hyt hys in holye boke I-wryten ine many a felde [? read fealde; the rimes are y-halde, tealde, ealde]. a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) iii. ii. 47 As I in this fould, this receaue her favors. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 724 The dores Op'ning thir brazen foulds . View more context for this quotation 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iii. 124 The wide gates receive their rapid flight. The folds are barr'd. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > a wrapping wrapping1387 fardela1425 wrapc1460 wrapperc1460 fold1497 out-band1621 wrappery1662 embalment1697 emballage1714 woolding1729 enwrapment1753 wrappage1827 lapping1858 1497 Will of John Sympson (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/11) f. 95v A folde and a standard of Mayle. 1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. G1 That remedy Must be a winding sheet, a fold of lead, And some vntrod-on corner in the earth. 4. The action of folding; †a clasp or embrace. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [noun] beclipping1340 complexion1493 clipa1586 brace1589 twine1602 fold1609 grasp1609 claspa1616 abrazoa1626 colla1627 cling1633 hug1659 folding1713 squeeze1790 cuddle1825 bear squeeze1845 bear hug1870 clinch1901 bosie1952 side hug1984 cwtch1992 bro hug2000 the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > action of folding reduplication?a1425 foldingc1440 pranking1440 replication1538 convolution1597 rolling1601 fold1609 doubling1634 foldure1823 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 216 Weake wanton Cupid, Shall from your neck vnloose his amorous fould . View more context for this quotation 1885 W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding iv. 33 Still another fold gives a ‘32mo’. 5. The line or mark made by folding. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease rimpleeOE frouncec1374 runklea1400 wrinklea1420 ruge?a1425 crimple1440 wreathc1440 wrimple1499 rumple?a1513 scrumple?a1513 wimple1513 crease1578 bag1587 crinkle1596 pucker1598 press1601 crumple1607 creasing1665 ruck1774 cramp1828 fold1840 ruckle1853 bumfle1867 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 18 Both coincide with the fold of the paper. 6. The words manifold, threefold, etc. (see -fold suffix) have occasionally been viewed (erroneously) as syntactical combinations of the adjectives with the present noun. Hence the following uses: ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [adverb] unseldea950 oftOE thickOE ylomeOE oftsithec1175 oftsithesc1175 lomec1200 oftlya1225 oft-stounds1303 continuallyc1305 oftena1325 rifely1357 oft-timesc1384 oft-timec1387 oftentimesa1393 oftentimec1395 fele-sitha1400 lightlya1400 oftentide?a1400 rifea1400 seresitha1400 many a foldc1400 often sithec1405 hauntinglyc1440 by many a foldc1450 fele-syss1489 frequently1531 feltymesc1540 oftens1567 oftenly1574 frequent1614 repeatedlya1647 (as) often as not1723 more often (or oftener) than not1723 not uncommonly1747 not infrequently1779 (at) every whip-stitch1824 oftenwhilesa1850 at short intervals1859 c1400 Melayne 445 Thay caste one it full many a folde. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 306 And þonkede þefore God mony a ffolde. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.iiii Set with dyamondes many a fold. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [adverb] unseldea950 oftOE thickOE ylomeOE oftsithec1175 oftsithesc1175 lomec1200 oftlya1225 oft-stounds1303 continuallyc1305 oftena1325 rifely1357 oft-timesc1384 oft-timec1387 oftentimesa1393 oftentimec1395 fele-sitha1400 lightlya1400 oftentide?a1400 rifea1400 seresitha1400 many a foldc1400 often sithec1405 hauntinglyc1440 by many a foldc1450 fele-syss1489 frequently1531 feltymesc1540 oftens1567 oftenly1574 frequent1614 repeatedlya1647 (as) often as not1723 more often (or oftener) than not1723 not uncommonly1747 not infrequently1779 (at) every whip-stitch1824 oftenwhilesa1850 at short intervals1859 c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4300 Clerere than is the sonne shalle be, be faldes seven. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 26 More bi foldys seuen Then I can well expres. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. iii. i. 73 The towne of Cambridge..exceedeth that of Oxford..by manie a fold. c. One portion of a ‘manifold’ thing. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > one part of a manifold thing fold1826 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. ii. 77 Which fourfold chain of evidence, upon any single fold of which I am willing [etc.]. 1839 R. Philip Life W. Milne I. 22 It stopped his basket-making before he got through two folds of the ‘Fourfould State’. Compounds fold boat n. = faltboat n.; also in contracted form folboat. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > collapsible Berthon1878 faltboat1926 fold boat1938 1938 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 616/2 With his wife he made a journey in a fold-boat..down the Danube. 1946 R. Capell Simiomata i. 19 The Marines entered the harbour in their little collapsible Folboats, attached explosive charges to two destroyers and two cargo boats, and retired. 1955 ‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren 128 An M.T.B...with a folboat on board, a sort of kayak built of waterproof canvas on a wooden frame. 1969 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. li. 6 Fold boat, kayak made of skeleton frame covered with a skin of rubberized cloth. It folds into a small package. fold mountain n. (also fold-mountain) a mountain formed directly by folding, or one in which the strata are extensively folded. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > type of iron mountain1658 jokul1780 table mountain1822 mountain of accumulation1864 voel1876 nunatak1877 monadnock1893 block mountain1896 fold mountain1908 hen-cackle1934 1908 J. W. Gregory Geogr. 34 Fold-mountains arise from the crumpling of bands of the earth's crust by lateral pressure. Such fold-mountains resemble the wrinkles formed when a table~cloth is pushed across a table. 1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth i. 24 The great Eastern Eurasian Chains of fold-mountains. 1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xxx. 1111 The axes of the major structures of a range of fold mountains..are generally roughly parallel to the trend of the range. fold ridge n. ΚΠ 1936 Discovery Jan. 20/1 The late Miocene-Pliocene fold ridge which extended to New Caledonia, and in the other direction formed the Himalayas and the European Alps. Draft additions 1993 b. In paper-folding, napkin-folding, etc.: the manner or pattern in which the paper, etc. is folded. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > a fold > manner in which paper, etc., is folded fold1893 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami > fold fold1893 1893 L. R. Latter Paper Folding for Schools 5 The child, once having learnt the folds upon the paper..might occasionally be allowed to practise a known fold upon a table-napkin. 1956 ‘R. Harbin’ Paper Magic 17 When the author wished one day to produce a Bat, he searched through the Basic Folds and finally decided to work on Fold Four. 1971 Sci. Amer. May 111/1 The interested reader can obtain Bunny Bill, a manuscript describing the fold from Magic Inc... The fold is far from simple, by the way. 1983 J. Ive Table Napkin Folding 5 The Waterlily..is not such a practical fold to do for individual place settings. Draft additions January 2002 Molecular Biology. A specific element (esp. a bend or twist) in the three-dimensional structure of a protein or nucleic acid molecule. ΚΠ 1933 W. T. Astbury in Nature 14 Oct. 593/2 The folds in the main-chains of unstretched hair..lie apparently in planes transverse to the side-chains. 1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 232 376 The gross fold in the main-chains which appears when β-keratin contracts to α-keratin we may term the ‘secondary fold’. 1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 1629/2 Some evidence reported in the literature appears to indicate that spermidine plays an essential function in DNA synthesis, e.g. stabilization of DNA folds, activation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase [etc.]. 1990 Protein Engin. 4 39/1 The folds of all the proteins in the PDB are stored as labelled graphs, with the nodes of a graph corresponding to linear representations of helices and strands. 1995 New Scientist 12 Aug. 32/1 Researchers are only just beginning to explore how loops, twists and folds in the long DNA chain—its so-called ‘higher-order structure’—affect the expression of genes contained within them. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † foldn.4 Obsolete. rare. ? The mountain-ash (apparently rendering Latin ornus). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > mountain ash quick treeeOE wycheOE quickena1400 foldc1420 rowan-tree1483 quickbeam?1537 wild ash1552 field ash1578 mountain ash1597 quicken berry1597 whitten1633 witchen1664 quickenberry tree1671 wicky1681 rowan1751 narrow-leaved service tree1793 sorb1796 bastard mountain ash1800 roundwood1846 fowler's service tree1859 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1021 Ook, fold, and birche. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 770 Foolde, ashes, quynce. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021). foldv.1 1. a. transitive. To arrange (a piece of cloth, a surface, etc.), so that one portion lies reversed over or alongside another; to double or bend over upon itself. Also with in, over, together. Often contextually implying repeated action of this kind. to fold up: to close or bring into a more compact form by repeated folding. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (transitive)] foldc888 lapa1300 plya1393 turna1400 doublec1430 plaitc1430 overfold?1440 plet?a1500 flipe1530 upfold1600 enfold1605 plicate1654 tuck1835–6 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together to fold upc888 shut?a1366 to do to1562 to make up1629 to shut up1833 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up wrapa1375 roll?a1425 wind?1523 to roll together1525 to roll up1530 fold1561 to wind up1590 furdel1594 to fold up1621 uproll1623 furla1657 telescope1844 concertina1891 accordion1897 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §3 God scipstyra ongit micelne wind hreose ær ær hit weorþe, and hæt fealdan þæt segl. OE Riddle 26 7 Mec [a parchment]..fingras feoldan. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1324 On ape mai a boc bi-halde, An leves wenden, and eft folde. a1400 Coer de L. 3497 Whenne they hadde eeten, the cloth was folde. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. 213 He opened the letter that he had folden afore to geder. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xli. 23 Euery dore had two litle wickettes which were folden in one vpon another on euery syde two. 1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Exod. xiii. 9 These foure sections..written on parchment, folden up they..tyed to the forehead. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 87 During..the Night, they join and fold in their Leaves. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 305. ¶9 To open a Letter, to fold it up again. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 44 If the triangle be conceived to be folded over. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz in La Saisiaz: Two Poets of Croisic 41 Our René folds his paper. b. Geology. To double up (strata). Also intransitive for reflexive. To become doubled up. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [verb (intransitive)] > fold fold1857 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > tectonize [verb (transitive)] > fold fold1857 1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xxviii. 570 Making the strata fold over them on each side. 1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada ix. 185 When the Sierra Nevada and Wahsatch mountains were folded. 1885 Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sc. 3rd Ser. xxx. 208 The result of a tendency to fold carried beyond the limit of elasticity of the rock. c. To bend or turn back or down (a portion of something). †to fold off: to bend back and break off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > break off > by bending back to fold offc1420 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 774 Or me sette him [a graft] in the tree The tendron and the leves of thou folde. Categories » d. Building. (See quot. s.v. fold n.3 1g.) e. intransitive. To yield to pressure, so as to become folded; to be capable of being folded. Now esp. with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (intransitive)] folda1398 duplicate1638 double1875 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > fold or roll up furl1676 uproll1805 telescope1866 roll1901 fold1914 concertina1918 accordion1943 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxvii. 925 Þat cassia is best þat brekeþ nought soone but bendiþ and foldiþ. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 194 Having a joint in the middle, it folds. 1914 Daily Mail 21 Feb. 10/1 One of the little seats that folded up when they were not required. 1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 759/1 This roll-up chair..folds up small enough to go in a large pocket. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up wrapa1375 roll?a1425 wind?1523 to roll together1525 to roll up1530 fold1561 to wind up1590 furdel1594 to fold up1621 uproll1623 furla1657 telescope1844 concertina1891 accordion1897 c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 932 A book in his honde he halt Swiþe fast, & narewe yfalt. a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Luke iv. 20 Folded, or closed [c1384 Douce 369(2) Whanne he hadde closid the book]. 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xc. 622 Heauen fled backe, and was folden vp like a scrolle. 2. a. transitive. To place in a spiral or sinuous form; to coil, wind. Now only with const. about, round, or the like. Also intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (intransitive)] twinec1300 foldc1330 writhea1413 twind1575 spire1607 wreathe1776 coil1798 scroll1868 threada1879 the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)] writheOE foldc1330 wrall1398 wreathec1425 enrol1530 twind1548 involve1555 wring1585 invilup1592 rolla1616 entortill1641 convolve1650 coila1691 circumflex1851 serpentine1883 convolute1887 swirl1902 whorl1904 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1454 Vnder þo stones beþ depe in mold To dragouns fast yfold. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 346/2 The deceiuers double and folde in themselues like serpents. c1650 Merline 1465 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 467 Beneathe the stones under the Mold tow dragons Lyen there fould. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iv Thus I fold one arm Round thy blest neck. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 6 I dare not fold My arms about thee. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Talking Oak xxxvii, in Poems (new ed.) II. 73 When I feel about my feet The berried briony fold. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 158 On her lover's arm she leant, And round her waist she felt it fold. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)] > meander foldc1420 meander1613 straya1616 wire1633 wriggle1640 wimple1720 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 557 So that the towne water doune folde Streght hem amonge. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm overcomeeOE overgangOE overnimOE overswivec1175 foldc1275 overgoc1275 to bear downc1330 oversetc1330 outrayc1390 overleada1393 overreach?a1425 overwhelmc1425 to whelve overc1440 overruna1475 surprise1474 overpress1489 surbatea1500 overhale1531 overbear1535 overcrow1550 disable1582 surgain1586 overpower1597 overman1609 to come over ——1637 to run down1655 overpower1667 compel1697 to get over ——1784 overget1877 to grab (also take) by the balls1934 the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon > by entreaty foldc1275 entreatc1425 overtreata1547 over-entreat1627 request1632 beseecha1718 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cast down warpc1175 acastc1225 to throw downa1250 foldc1275 casta1300 throwc1330 waltc1400 shootc1480 to cast down1530 to fling down1587 stern1599 deject1627 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10018 Feollen þa uæie uolden to grunde. c1330 King of Tars 1118 The feendes strengthe to folde. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 326 xlti syr Roger downe can folde. a. To bend, bow (oneself, the body, or limbs). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body clitchc1025 foldc1380 flexa1521 clutch1614 hingea1616 stoop1637 cock1698 cower1790 slouch1866 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 841 Is bodi a-side he felde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8965 To þe tre sco can hir fald. a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems li. 35 Befoir Europe..he his feit did fauld. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 17 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) A red Lyon Rampant, with his taile folden toward his backe. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > be or become curved or bent [verb (intransitive)] beyc888 bowOE fold13.. crumpc1325 windc1374 courbe1377 curb1377 plyc1395 bend1398 ploy?1473 bowl1513 bought1521 tirve1567 crookle1577 crook1579 compass1588 round1613 incurvate1647 circumflex1661 arcuate1678 to round off1678 sweep1725 curve1748 curvaturea1811 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down stoopc893 bowOE aloutOE fold13.. bendc1374 courbe1377 curb1377 inclinec1390 declinea1400 nuzzlec1450 buckle1600 doup1694 huckle1854 overbend1856 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > down fold13.. the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > specific part of body clitch?a1300 fold13.. to bend the head or facea1652 13.. Maximon iv, in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 120 Care and kunde of elde Maketh mi body felde, That y ne mai stonde upright. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xvii. 14 A man cam to hym, foldid on knees byfore hym. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 120 The fyngres þat freo beo to folden and to clycchen. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 126 My legys thay fold, My fyngers ar chappyd. 5. a. intransitive. To give way, collapse; to fail, falter. Esp. with up. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > collapse or come to nothing forworthc1000 folda1250 quailc1450 fruster?a1513 to come to nothing1523 to give out?1523 to fall to the ground?1526 quealc1530 to come to, end in, vanish into, smoke1604 intercide1637 to fall to dirt1670 to go off1740 to fall through1770 to fall apart1833 collapse1838 to run into the sand (also, now less commonly, sands)1872 to blow up1934 to blow out1939 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (intransitive)] > collapse folda1250 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 37 And falt mi tonge. c1325 Song of Mercy 136 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 122 Vr feiþ is frele to flecche and folde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24348 In suime al falden dun i fell. c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 73 My lymes foulden þat weren fast. 1596 E. Spenser Fowre Hymnes 35 I..feele my wits to faile, and tongue to fold. 1911 A. Bennett Honeymoon i. 15 Cedric: The mater folded up like that? Flora: ..Naturally she folded up. She only needs proper treatment. 1928 J. P. McEvoy Show Girl 199 The Main Stem hears under cover that ‘Get Your Girl’ may fold up soon for lack of suitable house. 1936 Variety 24 June 66/1 First tour of the Draegermen..proved a box office flop, and folded here. 1937 N. Coward Present Indicative v. vi. 191 In spite of excellent press notices..the play folded up at the end of eight weeks. 1939 E. B. White Quo Vadimus? i. 47 Nutshell folded up, because, an expert said, the name was too long; but half a dozen others sprang up to take its place. 1942 Penguin New Writing 15 12 Yes, but when he gets outside he'll fold up. 1958 I. Murdoch Bell xxvi. 315 He was sorry..to hear that Imber was folding up. 1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 71 The band folded in December 1961. 1971 Guardian 21 Jan. 1/1 (headline) Skyways folds up. 1971 Sunday Times 24 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 31/1 This generous subsidy could not go on for ever and when it was withdrawn the magazine folded. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)] onboweOE bowa1000 abeyc1300 yielda1330 loutc1330 couchc1386 to come to a person's mercy?a1400 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400 hielda1400 underlouta1400 foldc1400 to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405 subjectc1475 defer1479 avale1484 to come in1485 submita1525 submita1525 stoop1530 subscribe1556 compromit1590 warpa1592 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to come in will to a person1596 lead1607 knuckle1735 snool1786 c1400 Rowland & O. 1250 Charlles me thynke that thou scholdeste folde. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 84 Thir barbour bodeis..Docht nocht of force than for to gar ws fald. a1634 A. Gardyne Theatre Sc. Kings (1709) 14 Thou forced for to fald, Such as deboir'd from thy Obedience darre. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > turn aside from a course of action wanderc897 haltc900 flitc1175 misdrawc1300 err1303 convertc1374 foldc1380 stray1390 astray1393 swaver?a1400 to fall from ——a1425 recedec1450 depart1535 swervea1547 fag1555 flinch1578 exorbitate1600 extravagate1600 discoasta1677 tralineate1700 aberrate1749 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 126 He shulde teche þes worldly men..to drede to folde fro treuþe as Pilat dide. ?a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Sheep & Dog l. 1220 in Poems (1981) 50 For prayer nor price, trow ȝe, thay wald fald. 6. a. transitive. To lay (the arms, etc.) together, so as to overlap; to clasp (one's hands) together. Also intransitive for reflexive. In modern use frequently with together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > of limbs or hands: bend together foldc1374 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms foldc1374 shut1614 wreathea1616 crucify1633 hyperabduct1945 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > hands to join handsa1535 fold1535 wring1580 hand-hold1904 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific hand > hold or clasp (one's or another's hands) fold1535 to take a person's hand1536 hand1643 mix1713 clasp1859 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > arms to make the pot with the two ears1675 fold1732 c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlix. 32 He feold his fet [L. collegit pedes suos] uppan his bedd. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 331 (359) With his armes folden. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. vi. A Yee..folde thine handes together yet a litle, that thou mayest slepe. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 205 They..sit downe on the ground, folding their feete vnder them. 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 108 Envy..folds its Arms in Despair. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. v. 16 Alciphron stood..with his arms folded across. 1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling 223 He folded his hands together. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 30 My wings are folded o'er mine ears. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. x. 252 Her head drooped, her hands folded. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. x. 218 Her hands folded together before her. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. ii. 10 Mrs. Veneering..folds her hands in the manner of a supplicating child. 1894 B. Harraden In Varying Moods 60 She folded her hands together on the buckle of her waist-belt. b. ? absol. = To fold the hands (apparently intended to represent uneducated speech). ΚΠ 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xiv. 292 I'd far sooner be..tiring of myself out, than a sitting folding and folding by the fire. a. To plait; to mat (hair). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)] > plait pleat?a1300 foldc1384 plaita1398 pletc1429 plat?1533 gimp1885 the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [verb (transitive)] > tangled foldc1384 felter?a1400 elfa1616 taut1853 intermat1927 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 29 Thei foldynge a crowne of thornis. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. vii. 5 The hayre of thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 43v Images of gossampine cotton foulded or wrethed. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do sweara1154 fast?a1160 plightc1275 givec1300 undertake1393 strokea1400 warranta1400 foldc1400 pledge?a1439 affiance1523 pass1528 betroth1573 assume1602 impawna1628 gagea1642 spond1698 guarantee1820 vouch1898 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1783 Bot if ȝe haf a lemman, a leuer, þat yow lykeȝ better, & folden fayth to þat fre, festned so harde Þat yow lausen ne lyst. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be fitting or proper i-burec1000 shallc1000 belongOE becomec1175 fallc1175 beliea1225 ferea1300 longc1350 beseemc1384 pertainc1384 it is worthy thata1398 accordc1400 foldc1400 affeir1415 fit1574 suit?1591 sort1595 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 499 Þe forme to þe fynisment foldeȝ ful selden. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 359 Syþen þis note is so nys þat noȝt hit yow falles, & I haue frayned hit at yow fyrst, foldeȝ hit to me. 8. a. To enclose in or as in a fold or folds; to cover or wrap up; to swathe, envelop. Const. in; formerly const. with, and simply; also const. certain adverbs and prepositions. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > swathe swathe11.. foldc1394 swethec1440 swaddlec1522 sweela1583 enswathe1609 furl1712 mummify1863 cocoon1880 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > enfold or envelop befolda1000 umbefold14.. foldc1394 umbeclipa1395 involvea1420 overfold?1440 warp1513 overroll1548 encompass1553 invest1578 immantle1585 enrol1590 imply1590 circumvest1599 circumvestite1599 enfold1599 convolve1601 shadow1608 overlapc1612 enwreathe1620 obvele1654 obside1695 integument1883 c1394 P. Pl. Crede 126 Seynt Fraunces him-self schall folden the in his cope. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 434 Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 168 Þer ben manye maner causis whi þat guttis ben folde with nerves. 1530 Comedy Beauties Women C j I thynk he be xxiiii. yeres of age, I saw hym born and holpe for to fold hym. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. ii The rest, we fear, are folded in the floods. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 415 With his Circling Volumes folds her Hairs. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 333 The Seed is the Plant folded and wrapt up. 1855 B. Taylor Poems of Orient 137 The mountain-isles..Folded in shadows gray. 1906 K. Trask Night & Morning 34 Take me, Leonidas, to thy strong arms—..fold me from the whole wide world. b. Of the surrounding medium: To serve as a wrapping for. poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > serve as a wrapping for fold1593 wrap?1611 envelopa1616 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij So did the..night, Fold in the obiect that did feed her sight. View more context for this quotation 1793 R. Southey Triumph of Woman 389 The purple robe of state thy form shall fold. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 15 Paper..purchas'd, brown sugar to fold. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Dirge i, in Poems 104 Shadows of the silver birk Sweep the green that folds thy grave. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] belieOE besita1100 beset?c1225 assiege1297 besiege1297 belayc1320 umsiegea1325 ensiegec1380 environa1382 to set before1382 siege1390 forset?a1400 foldc1400 setc1400 to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449 oppugn?a1475 pursue1488 obsess1503 ferma1522 gird1548 begird1589 beleaguer1590 block1591 invest1591 intermure1606 blockade1684 to lay blockade to1713 leaguer1720 to form the siege1776 cerne1857 c1400 Destr. Troy 11263 Ȝour cité is set all aboute With ȝour fomen fuerse foldyn with in. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] shrenchc897 beswike971 betrapa1000 bewindOE undernimc1175 undertakec1175 bisayc1200 beguile?c1225 catchc1225 beginc1250 biwilea1275 tele?a1300 enginec1300 lime13.. umwrithea1340 engrin1340 oblige1340 belimec1350 enlacec1374 girnc1375 encumber138. gnarec1380 enwrap1382 briguea1387 snarl1387 upbroid1387 trap1390 entrikea1393 englue1393 gildera1400 aguilec1400 betraisec1400 embrygec1400 snare1401 lacea1425 maska1425 begluec1430 marl1440 supprise?c1450 to prey ona1500 attrap1524 circumvene1526 entangle1526 tangle1526 entrap1531 mesh1532 embrake1542 crawl1548 illaqueate1548 intricate1548 inveigle1551 circumvent1553 felter1567 besnare1571 in trick1572 ensnare1576 overcatch1577 underfong1579 salt1580 entoil1581 comprehend1584 windlassa1586 folda1592 solicit1592 toil1592 bait1600 beset1600 engage1603 benet1604 imbrier1605 ambush1611 inknot1611 enmesha1616 trammela1616 fool1620 pinion1621 aucupate1630 fang1637 surprise1642 underreacha1652 trepan1656 ensnarl1658 stalk1659 irretiate1660 coil1748 nail1766 net1803 to rope in1840 mousetrap1870 spider1891 a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A3v In her tresses she doth fold the lookes Of such as gaze vpon her golden haire. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xiii. §3. 418 Those perills: within which they were so speedily folded vp. e. Cookery. Const. in. To add an ingredient gently by lifting a mixture with a spoon, etc., so as to enclose it without stirring or beating. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > general preparation processes > perform general preparation processes [verb (transitive)] > mix ally1381 allaya1425 drawa1425 to draw upa1425 fold1915 blend1936 1915 D. C. Peel Learning to Cook xiv. 172 Add the whipped whites last, and..fold them in lightly. 1933 W. G. R. Francillon Good Cookery (ed. 7) xv. 316 Fold in the slightly warmed flour. 1958 Listener 20 Nov. 855/2 Add the yolks and cheese to the mixture, then stiffly beat the whites of the eggs and fold in gently. 9. To clasp (in one's arms, to one's breast); to embrace. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)] clipc950 freeOE beclipc1000 windc1175 fang?c1200 yokec1275 umgripea1300 to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300 umbefold14.. collc1320 lapc1350 bracec1375 embracec1386 clapa1400 folda1400 halsea1400 umbeclapa1400 accollc1400 fathomc1400 halchc1400 haspc1400 hoderc1440 plighta1450 plet?a1500 cuddlec1520 complect1523 umbfoldc1540 clasp1549 culla1564 cully1576 huggle1583 embosom1590 wrap1594 collya1600 cling1607 bosom1608 grasp1609 comply1648 huddlea1650 smuggle1679 inarm1713 snuggle1775 cwtch1965 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24491 Quen i him had in armes fald. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1425 He hir in armes hent, And ful fair he gan hir falde. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 54 We will descend and fold him in our armes. View more context for this quotation 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 353 [They] together fold in each others armes, sate downe. 1794 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 749 I'll fauld thee to my faithfu' breast. 1821 P. B. Shelley Death Napoleon 21 To my bosom I fold All my sons when their knell is knolled. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 6 Not to be folded more in these dear arms. Compounds C1. General attributive: the verb stem in combination with a noun, in sense ‘that can or will fold’. fold-net n. ΚΠ 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Fold-net, a sort of Net with which small Birds are taken in the Night. fold-skirt n. ΚΠ 1855 R. Browning Saul (rev. ed.) iii, in Men & Women II. 113 The tent was unlooped..I groped my way on Till I felt where the foldskirts fly open. C2. foldaway adj. adapted to be folded away. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [adjective] > folded up or rolled up > able to be voluble1662 roll-up1748 turn-up1767 shut-up1799 collapsible1843 telescoping1873 collapsing1884 packaway1892 foldaway1960 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 26 Jan. (Suppl.) 4/1 A wash boiler with all refinements except a pump but with a fold-away hand wringer. 1967 Gloss. Caravan Terms (B.S.I.) 3 Foldaway bed, a bed designed to be lowered from and retract into a cupboard or wall or to fold on itself to make an upright furniture unit. 1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 577/3 Foldaway guides to aid truck location. 1971 Guardian 24 Aug. 7/3 An 84-year-old woman..was trapped in her foldaway bed for 13 hours. fold-out n. an oversize page in a book, magazine, etc., which has to be unfolded by the reader; also as adj. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > page > large page folded to fit book throw-out1953 fold-out1961 gatefold1963 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Foldout. 1963 Amer. Speech 38 125 It might be well to include a fold-out map at the end of each volume. 1967 Time 17 Mar. 7 The prurient appeal of an overripe foldout is no worse than the peekaboo enticement of gossip about ‘People’. 1968 Listener 30 May 705/1 A coffee-table book, with Topolski drawings, wide margins and a fold-out frontispiece. fold-up adj. adapted to be folded-up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [adjective] > able to be plicatile1655 folding1863 foldable1893 fold-up1894 1894 W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 23 The famous Harrow fold-up bed. Draft additions January 2002 intransitive. Molecular Biology. Of a polypeptide or polynucleotide chain: to adopt a specific three-dimensional structure. Occasionally also transitive (usually in passive). ΚΠ 1934 Nature 26 May 795/2 The immediate question..is whether the initial unit is the chain itself, which is afterwards folded in some neat manner which is merely an elaboration of the intra-molecular folding that has been observed in the keratin transformation. 1936 Nature 16 May 803/1 To accommodate these interactions the grid buckles, so to speak, in such a way that the main-chains fold in planes transverse to the side chains. 1951 Nature 25 Aug. 325/1 The ‘α-keratin’ configuration of the polypeptide chain is produced by folding the extended β-form into seven-membered rings. 1956 C. H. Bamford et al. Synthetic Polypeptides i. 5 The synthetic polypeptides would be able to provide information about the way in which the polypeptide chain can fold. 1983 R. O. C. Norman & D. J. Waddington Mod. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) xviii. 283 In its natural environment each protein folds up into a specific well-defined shape, known as its native structure. 1994 New Scientist 10 Dec. 27/2 GroEL belongs to the group of ring-like proteins known as chaperonins, which help newly synthesized polypeptides to fold properly. 1999 Newsweek 15 Dec. 83 The proteins..fold into their functional shapes. Once scientists better understand that molecular origami, they can simulate the effect of drugs on those proteins. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). foldv.2 1. a. transitive. To shut up (sheep, etc.) in a fold, to pen; occasionally with up; also absol. Of hurdles: To serve for penning. (In Old English once intransitive to make or set up sheepfolds.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > fold foldc1440 stuff1567 sheepfold1610 enfold?1611 cot1804 wattle1908 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > drive or put into enclosure parc1300 foldc1440 house1578 pinfold1605 pen1607 enfold?1611 impen?1623 to get in1698 weara1724 yard1758 to run in1837 corral1847 paddock1847 kraal1865 a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 261 Faldian, fiscwer and mylne macian. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 168/2 Fooldyn, or put beestys in a folde, caulo. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Claudo To folde with hurdels. 1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. D4 God commaunded his people to be folded vp, and to stand within the barres. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxvi. 165 By folding them [sc. goats] vpon..fallowes in the summer time. 1637 J. Milton Comus 4 The starre that bids the Shepheard fold, Now the top of heav'n doth hold. 1661 Thracian Wonder i. i. sig. B3 Let's make haste to fold up our flocks. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. iii. iv. 332 It is a custom, in some places, to fold sheep and cattle, for the sake of their dung. 1822 S. Rogers Monte Cassino in Italy 32 Counts, as he folds, five hundred of his sheep. 1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 658/1 A dozen and a half hurdles will fold 30 sheep. 1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 137 We never fold our merino or other sheep, the land is too wet. 1894 Times 6 Mar. 4/1 Flock masters are folding on it [rye] early. b. figurative; esp. in spiritual sense. Cf. feed v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > enfold in protective care shadowa1300 brood1571 enfolda1711 fold1826 1826 T. B. Macaulay Dies Iræ 51 Fold me with the sheep that stand..at thy right hand. 1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xiv. 192 The Lamb..shall..guide them, fold them. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Oct. 1/2 These hitherto wandering sheep are in process of being folded into the comprehensive pastures of the national religion. 2. To place sheep in a fold or folds upon (a piece of ground), for the purpose of manuring it. to fold off: to use (a crop) as pasture for folded sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > dung > by putting animals on land tathec1440 fold1671 sheep1808 fold-tread1854 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > eat off crop to eat off1733 spend1733 verdage1778 to fold off1794 hog1845 1671 St. Foine Improved 3 The Men of the Vale might..desire that those of the Hill-country might not Fold, or Dung their Ground, or Sow any Corn. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 131 Two contiguous pieces of ground..had been folded. 1794 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent 37 The clover being again folded off. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 340 When his grass-fields have been partially folded with sheep. Derivatives ˈfolded adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > manured or fertilized dungedOE marledc1265 mucked1290 chavedc1420 dungyc1450 manured1551 fatted1552 folded1579 chalked1598 battled1600 seasoned1604 limed1707 sanded1707 fattened1725 sooted1776 wared1795 littery1805 plastered1819 nitred1822 gypsumed1841 nitrated1841 sewaged1861 sewage-irrigated1867 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Epil. From the falsers fraud his folded flocke to keepe. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 74 Among folded beastes they [sc. oxen] are of most dignity and worth. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 257 The folded flocks. ˈfolder n. one who folds sheep; a shepherd. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > one who folds animals folder1571 1571 W. Elderton in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 512 Alas ! is Juell dead, the folder of the flocke? 1801 J. Bree Derwent Water iii What time the folder hears the mandrake's moan. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : -foldsuffix < n.1OEn.2a700n.3a1250n.4c1420v.1c888v.2a1100 see also |
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