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单词 fold
释义

foldn.1

Forms: Old English folde, Middle English folde, (Middle English southern volde, Middle English foulde), Middle English– fold.
Etymology: Old English folde weak feminine = Old Low German folda , Old Norse fold < Old Germanic *foldôn- , *foldâ , probably related to *felþu field n.1
Obsolete.
1. (a) The surface of the earth; the ground. (b) Dry land; the earth, as the dwelling-place of man. in, on, upon fold: on the earth; often as a mere expletive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > [noun]
all the worldeOE
mouldOE
worldOE
earthOE
earthricheOE
foldOE
worldricheOE
motherOE
wonec1275
mound?a1300
wildernessa1340
mappemondea1393
lower worlda1398
the whole worlda1513
orba1550
the (also this) globe1553
the earthly globe1553
mother earth1568
the glimpses of the moon1603
universe1630
outer world1661
terrene1667
Orphic egg1684
Midgard1770
all outdoors1833
Planet Earth1858
overworld1911
Spaceship Earth1966
the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun]
ground971
earthOE
fleta1000
foldOE
landOE
floor?a1400
soila1400
margin?a1425
yird1433
sulye1434
swardc1440
leaa1475
paithmentc1480
visagea1500
crust1555
mother earth1568
solum1829
carpet1918
deck1925
dutty1925
OE Beowulf 1137 Ða wæs winter scacen, fæger foldan bearm.
OE Judith 281 He þa lungre gefeoll freorig to foldan, ongan his feax teran.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7850 Nat ic on folde what his fader weoren.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 962 Al þe feond to-barst ær he to folde [c1300 Otho grunde] come.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 643 Formest þo in fold He lete him in þring.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5382 A kastel ful nobul, þe fairest vpon fold.
a1400–50 Alexander 2087 Fey falne to þe fold many fers erlis.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 422 Þe kay fot on þe folde he be-fore sette.
c1400 Rowland & O. 418 Then sayde thies Damesels fre one folde.
c1440 Bone Flor. 342 Many other waturs come thorow the town, That fresche are upon folde.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 385 Felle frekis on fold war fellyt wndyr feit.
a1500 R. Henryson Ressoning betuix Aige & Yowth 28 in Poems (1981) 171 I wes..Ane freik on fold, Als glad, als gay..as ȝe.
2. A country, district, land.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun]
landc725
kithc888
thedec888
earthOE
groundOE
foldOE
countryc1300
marchc1330
nationc1330
wonec1330
provincea1382
soila1400
strandc1400
terragec1440
room1468
limita1513
limitationa1527
seat1535
terrene1863
negara1955
negeri1958
OE Genesis 1969 Þa wæs guðhergum be Iordane wera eðelland wide geondsended, folde feondum.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 23 Mo ferlyes on þis folde han fallen here oft Þen in any oþer þat I wot.

Compounds

foldsitter n. of the hare: one who sits on the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus europaeus (hare)
harea700
wimountc1280
wood-catc1280
babbart?a1300
ballart?a1300
bigge?a1300
goibert?a1300
grasshopper?a1300
lightfoot?a1300
long-ear?a1300
make-fare?a1300
pintail?a1300
pollart?a1300
purblind?a1300
roulekere?a1300
scot?a1300
scotewine?a1300
side-looker?a1300
sitter?a1300
westlooker?a1300
wort-cropper?a1300
break-forwardc1300
broom-catc1300
swikebertc1300
cawel-herta1325
deuberta1325
deudinga1325
fern-sittera1325
fitelfoota1325
foldsittera1325
furze cata1325
scutardea1325
skikarta1325
stobherta1325
straw deera1325
turpina1325
skulker1387
chavarta1400
soillarta1400
waldeneiea1400
scutc1440
coward1486
wata1500
bawtiec1536
puss1575
watkin1585
malkin1706
pussy1715
bawd1785
lion1825
dew-hopper-
a1325 Names Hare in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 133 The fitelfot, the foldsittere.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

foldn.2

Brit. /fəʊld/, U.S. /foʊld/
Forms: Old English falæd, falod, falud, Old English–Middle English fald, Middle English fald(e, (Middle English southern vold), Middle English–1500s fo(u)ld(e, (Middle English foolde), Middle English–1500s Scottish fald, Middle English–1800s Scottish fauld, 1800s dialect faud, fowd, fowt.
Etymology: Old English falæd, falod, falud, fald, strong masculine, apparently corresponding to Middle Low German vālt, modern Low German falt, Dutch vaalt, East Frisian folt enclosed space, dunghill.
1.
a. A pen or enclosure for domestic animals, esp. sheep.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen
folda700
lockeOE
pen1227
foldingc1440
pend1542
cub1548
hull1570
corral1582
boolya1599
ree1674
crew1681
reeve1720
stell1766
pound1779
kraal1796
fank1812
poundage1866
forcing-yard1890
a700 Epinal Gloss. 959 Stabulum, falaed.
a800 Corpus Gloss. 310 Bofellum, falud.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) x. 1 Se þe ne gæð æt þam gete into sceapa falde..he is þeof.
a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 260 Ge on felda, ge on falde.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3339 Till hirdess þær þær þeȝȝ þatt nihht Biwokenn þeȝȝre faldess.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John x. 1 He that cometh not in by the dore in to the fold of the scheep, but stiȝeth vp by another weye, is nyȝt thef and day thef.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3671 Iacob went vn to þe fald And broght þe bestes.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 177 Twa scheipe thai tuk besid thaim of a fauld.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiiiv To be set in a folde all night wtout meate.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 Oft the Flocks,..Nor Folds, nor hospitable Harbour know. View more context for this quotation
1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 387 The lee-lang night we watch'd the fauld, Me and my faithfu' doggie.
1800 W. Wordsworth Pet-lamb in Lyrical Ballads (ed. 2) II. 142 Our house shall be thy fold.
b. figurative, esp in a spiritual sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > laity > [noun]
sheepc825
herdc1000
layc1330
flocka1340
fold1340
clergy1382
temporalty1387
lay-feec1425
temporalityc1485
laity?1541
lealty1548
people1549
layperson1972
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4640 In haly kirkes falde.
1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 247 You come into the fold of Christ without him.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxii To kepe the wolfe from the folde, that is the Frenche kynge, from your Castels and dominions.
1821 P. B. Shelley Death Napoleon 5 The last of the flock of the starry fold.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 182 Although South America is nominally Catholic, there are few parts of the fold which give more anxiety at Rome.
c. The sheep contained in a fold. Also †the movable fold, and the sheep penned in it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by habitat
mountain sheep1596
fold1669
heath-cropper1819
bush-sheep1870
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 219 To run the Fold over it, and well settle it.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 33 The bleating Fold.
1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues iii. 16 'Till late at silent Eve she penn'd the Fold.
d. transferred. An enclosure of any kind; a dwelling. †in fere and fold: in prison together.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > [noun]
earneOE
wickc900
bottleeOE
innOE
boldOE
wonningc1000
wanea1225
wonea1250
bidea1300
dwelling1340
habitaculec1374
habitaclec1384
habitationc1384
mansionc1385
placea1387
manantie?a1400
dungeonc1460
longhousec1460
folda1500
residencea1522
abode1549
bield1570
lodgement1598
bidinga1600
sit-house1743
location1795
wigwam1817
address1855
yard1865
res1882
nivas1914
multifamily1952
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [adverb] > in prison > in prison together
in fere and folda1500
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 309 In a dongon..Fowyre good Erylles sonnys..Ys fet in fere and fold.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 18 Inclositt amyd ane fald of stakis.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Folde, or packe, or pownde to pinne distress, caula.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 113 Far off from men we built a fold for them.
2.
a. An enclosed piece of ground forming part of a farm, as a farm-yard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard
yardc1300
barnyard1354
closec1386
fold?a1505
barton1552
town-place1602
homestall1653
fold-stead1663
farmyard1686
fold-garth1788
fold-yard1800
farm court1807
a1505 R. Henryson Robene & Makyne 96 in Poems (1981) 178 Be firth, forrest, or fawld.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 165 That no schouris..Effray suld flouris nor fowlis on the fold.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 41 Auld Marget, in the fauld she sits.
b. transferred. The ‘yard’ belonging to a mill, etc.; a cluster of houses standing in such a yard.
ΚΠ
1863 Lancash. Fents, New Shirt 3 A pretty weaver lass..had taken her sewing up the ‘fowt’.
1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Fold, Fowd, or Fowt, a cluster of houses.
1889 S. Baring-Gould Pennycomequicks (1890) 58 The houses in the ‘folds’ were deserted.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
fold-manure n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > dunging > dung
dungOE
muckc1268
dunging?1440
fimea1475
fulyiec1480
tath1492
soil1607
street soil1607
dung-water1608
soiling1610
mucking1611
short dung, manure, muck1618
folding1626
muck water1626
stable manure1629
long dung1658
spit-dunga1671
stercoration1694
street dirt1694
horse-litter1721
pot-dunga1722
sock1790
street manure1793
police manure1825
fold-manure1829
slurry1965
1829 Bone Manure: Rep. Doncaster Comm. Agric. Assoc. 5 Forty or fifty cart loads of fold manure.
fold-stake n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > folding sheep > fold or pen > materials for
fold-dike1437
fold-stakec1475
wreath1495
toiling1805
fold-shore1811
c1475 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 814 Hic palus, a foldstake.
fold-stead n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard
yardc1300
barnyard1354
closec1386
fold?a1505
barton1552
town-place1602
homestall1653
fold-stead1663
farmyard1686
fold-garth1788
fold-yard1800
farm court1807
1663 MS. Indenture (Barlby, Yorks.) 2 gardens and 2 fold~steads.
C2.
fold-garth n. farm-yard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard
yardc1300
barnyard1354
closec1386
fold?a1505
barton1552
town-place1602
homestall1653
fold-stead1663
farmyard1686
fold-garth1788
fold-yard1800
farm court1807
1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 329 Foldgarth.., farm-yard.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Faud-garth, the fold-yard.
fold-mucked adj. (ground) manured by folding sheep upon it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [adjective] > dunged > by animals
fold-muckeda1642
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 19 Wee can neaver gette above one Demaine-flatte fold-mucked in a whole summer.
fold-pitcher n. an iron crowbar used in pitching or setting up hurdles.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lever or crowbar > [noun] > other levers or crowbars
looder1545
gablock?1746
pig's foot1790
lewder tree1808
monkey tail1822
fold-pitcher1832
pointer1875
Lord Mayor1877
tire-iron1952
1832 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 3 No. 16. 648 Setting hurdles is most expeditiously done by the aid of a..fold pitcher.
fold-shore n. (see quot. 1811).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > folding sheep > fold or pen > materials for
fold-dike1437
fold-stakec1475
wreath1495
toiling1805
fold-shore1811
1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 263 Fossels, or Fold-shores, the stakes to which the hurdles are fastened with a loose twig-wreath at the top.
1878 Jackson in Wilts. Archæol. Mag. XVII. 304 The fold-shores.
fold-tread v. = fold v.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > dung > by putting animals on land
tathec1440
fold1671
sheep1808
fold-tread1854
1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 420 [He] also fold-treads his turnip-land before the seed is drilled.
foldwards adv. towards the fold.
ΚΠ
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 462 Who stood awhile..Then slowly gat him foldwards.
fold-yard n. = fold-garth n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farm-offices > farmyard
yardc1300
barnyard1354
closec1386
fold?a1505
barton1552
town-place1602
homestall1653
fold-stead1663
farmyard1686
fold-garth1788
fold-yard1800
farm court1807
1800 Gentleman's Mag. 2 1291 He..had been feeding him in the fold yard.
1839 Selby in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 7. 192 The..Finch tribe..found..food..in the stack and fold-yards.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

foldn.3

Brit. /fəʊld/, U.S. /foʊld/
Forms: Middle English falde, Middle English–1500s folde, Middle English felde, (1500s folte), 1500s–1600s foulde, Middle English– fold.
Etymology: Middle English fald, < fald-enfold v.1; compare Middle Dutch voude (Dutch vouw), Old High German falt (masculine) (Middle High German valte, modern German falte feminine), Old Norse fald-r (masculine), falda (feminine) (Swedish fåll, Danish fold). Old English had fyld, *field < West Germanic *faldi-z of equivalent formation, but it did not survive into Middle English.
1.
a. A bend or ply, such as is produced when any more or less flexible object is folded; one of the parts, or both of them together, which are brought together in folding; spec. (see quot. 1882). †In early poetic use, in fold, of rich fold, is a formula often introduced with little meaning in descriptions of costly garments.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > a fold
foldc1325
plya1500
roll1509
ploy1558
implexure1578
folding1669
plication1701
c1325 Metr. Hom. 113 Uestement of riche fold.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23452 In clething cled o riche fald.
a1400 Sir Perc. 32 He gaffe his sister hym tille..With robes in folde.
?c1475 Sqr. Lowe Degre 835 Your curtaines of camaca, all in folde.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. viii. 94 Thai byd display thair banaris out of faldis.
1689 London Gaz. No. 2470/4 Several Pieces of Guilix and Gentish Hollands in the Long Fold.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Drapery As to the Folds, they should be so manag'd, that you may easily perceive what it is that they cover.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxvi. 163 The monarch's mantle too he bore, And drew the fold his visage o'er.
1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 36 When blown, these bellows form two, three, or more folds.
a1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 105/1 g has a fold to each plate; these lock upon each other.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 212/1 Folds. The draping produced by Pleating or Gathering at the waist of a skirt; or the flat plaits on any part of a skirt, bodice, or sleeve, secured at each end to the dress to keep them in place.
figurative.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 209 A thing, So monstrous to dismantell so many foulds of fauour. View more context for this quotation1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch 113 in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I The folds and doubles of Sylla's disposition.1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 41 My Heart is Thine: Deep in its inmost Folds, Live Thou.1820 P. B. Shelley Sensitive Plant in Prometheus Unbound 158 Till, fold after fold, to the fainting air The soul of her beauty and love lay bare.1873 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. 1 The flowing folds of language.
b. A similar configuration in animal and vegetable structures; spec. the median elevation of the dorsal valve in brachiopods; also in gasteropods.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold
folda1250
plight1543
duplication1578
reduplication1578
sinus1615
plica1660
recess1666
duplicature1683
reduplicature1698
geniculum1701
genu1854
infraction1882
uncinate1891
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 602 A mong þe folde of harde rinde.
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. l, in Bulwarke of Defence Masticke..will..not suffre Scamonie, to cliue to the foltes [1579 foldes] of the stomacke.
1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. G7v Those inward shuts or folds that are within the veines.
1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi. 101 The inward Coat of a Lion's Stomach has stronger Folds than a Human.
1837 T. R. Jones in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 380/2 In all the conchiferous Gasteropods it [sc. the mantle] lines the interior of the shell..forming a distinct fold..round its aperture.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 283 The folds of enamel that penetrate the substance of the tooth.
1861 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 3) xix. 486 A fold of the alimentary canal.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 294 Two ‘mantle’ folds, one dorsal, the other ventral, line the corresponding valves... A ‘brachial’ groove bounded on its inner side by a prominent fold or lip.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 692 They [sc. the valves of Coelomate Metazoa] are lined by two mantle folds or extensions of the body walls.
1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. III. 264 The folds or plaits on the columella, which are often characteristic of the genus or even family (e.g. Fasciolariidae, Mitridae, Turbinellidae) are not merely external, but continue down the whole spire.
1942 L. H. Hyman Compar. Vertebr. Anat. (ed. 2) xi. 289 The tonsillar fossa is bounded in front and behind by low folds.
1949 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Body x. 294 In jawed fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the lips are in general small and unimportant skin folds.
1964 W. W. Ballard Compar. Anat. & Embryol. xi. 193 The amnion is usually formed through the agency of two crescentic amniotic folds.
c. A winding or sinuosity; spec. an undulation or gentle curve of the ground; a slight hill or hollow; the general grouping of heights and hollows.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [noun]
folda1250
siddle1849
plication1859
saddleback1865
the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [noun] > winding curve(s)
folda1250
windinga1387
wrinkling1387
revolution?a1425
wrinkle1430
crink1567
crank1572
cringle-crangle1573
crinkle1596
crankle1598
crinkle-crankle1598
meander1603
anfractuosity1612
ins and outs1655
sinuationa1676
insinuationa1684
anfractus1719
sinuosity1720
flexuosity1737
evolution1765
cringle1808
wriggle1825
voluminosity1841
squiggle1902
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation
accident1600
fold1601
roll1827
roller1849
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 696 Ȝif he ne con his wit atholde Ne fint he red in one folde.
1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 178v The fouldes or indented places of the mountaynes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 113 That towne..stood as it were in a fold, or plait, or nouke thereof [i.e. of the gulf].
1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 231 The folds of the mountains.
1869 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 191 Br. Sidgreaves has heard the high ridges of a field called folds and the hollow between the drip.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 143 The winding folds of the glen.
1901 Daily News 19 Jan. 5/3 Four companies of the Rifle Brigade were concealed behind a fold of ground.
1904 A. E. Fletcher Gainsborough 88 The fold of the fields and the grouping of trees.
1930 Morning Post 17 June 20/5 Delightful house in a fold of the Downs.
d. A layer or ‘thickness’ (of cloth, etc.); a coat (of an onion). †With numerals, singular in plural sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > one of a series of > of cloth, paper, or something folded
plya1500
fold1527
ploy1558
thickness1815
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > skin, seed, shoots, or bulbs
onion seed1356
scallion1393
cartilage1563
onion skin1616
fold1675
tunic1832
onion set1859
grass1885
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Djv Two or iii folde of clowte wet in the same water.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §771 The Ancient Ægyptian Mummies were shrowded in a Number of Folds of Linnen.
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xix. 232 The fold of a dry Onion.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 343 With sev'n distinguish'd folds, Of tough Bull Hides.
1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 64 Wrapping up the part in several folds of flannel.
1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 116 It must be..dried between folds of blotting paper.
e. In a serpent's body: A coil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > coil
fold1593
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fiij An adder, Wreath'd vp in fatall folds . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 498 Circular base of rising foulds, that tour'd Fould above fould a surging Maze. View more context for this quotation
1697 T. Creech tr. Manilius Five Bks. i. ix. 14 Secure from meeting they're distinctly roll'd, Nor leave their Seats, and pass the dreadfull fold [of the constellation Draco].
1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 93 Serpents..clasp you in their folds.
f. A length (of string) between two bends.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length > a long or continuous extent of something > specifically of string between bends
fold1839
1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 69 Each fold of string sustains a share of the weight.
g. Building. (See quot. 1842.)
ΚΠ
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 574 Floors..which are folded, that is, when the boards are laid in divisions, whose side vertical joints are not continuous, but in bays of three, four, five, or more boards in a bay or fold.
h. Geology. A bend in rock strata, esp. one having a wave-like form.
ΚΠ
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 104 One fold or flexure in the rocks may succeed to another, or they may form interrupted series.
1885 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (ed. 4) 61 Stratified rocks have their strata usually bent into parallel folds forming anticlinal and synclinal curves.
1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. v. 68 Before the recognition of recumbent folds or nappes..the Alps were usually interpreted as showing ‘fan-folding’.
1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) ix. 212 Folds range in intensity from broad and gentle undulations to tightly compressed plications in which the dips of the beds are almost parallel, except near the hinge-lines.
2. Something that is or may be folded; a leaf of a book, a sheet of paper, one of the leaves of a folding-door.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > that which is or may be folded
foldc1315
double1602
c1315 Shoreham 91 Ase hyt hys in holye boke I-wryten ine many a felde [? read fealde; the rimes are y-halde, tealde, ealde].
a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) iii. ii. 47 As I in this fould, this receaue her favors.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 724 The dores Op'ning thir brazen foulds . View more context for this quotation
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iii. 124 The wide gates receive their rapid flight. The folds are barr'd.
3. ? A wrapping, covering. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > a wrapping
wrapping1387
fardela1425
wrapc1460
wrapperc1460
fold1497
out-band1621
wrappery1662
embalment1697
emballage1714
woolding1729
enwrapment1753
wrappage1827
lapping1858
1497 Will of John Sympson (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/11) f. 95v A folde and a standard of Mayle.
1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. G1 That remedy Must be a winding sheet, a fold of lead, And some vntrod-on corner in the earth.
4. The action of folding; †a clasp or embrace.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [noun]
beclipping1340
complexion1493
clipa1586
brace1589
twine1602
fold1609
grasp1609
claspa1616
abrazoa1626
colla1627
cling1633
hug1659
folding1713
squeeze1790
cuddle1825
bear squeeze1845
bear hug1870
clinch1901
bosie1952
side hug1984
cwtch1992
bro hug2000
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > action of folding
reduplication?a1425
foldingc1440
pranking1440
replication1538
convolution1597
rolling1601
fold1609
doubling1634
foldure1823
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 216 Weake wanton Cupid, Shall from your neck vnloose his amorous fould . View more context for this quotation
1885 W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding iv. 33 Still another fold gives a ‘32mo’.
5. The line or mark made by folding.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease
rimpleeOE
frouncec1374
runklea1400
wrinklea1420
ruge?a1425
crimple1440
wreathc1440
wrimple1499
rumple?a1513
scrumple?a1513
wimple1513
crease1578
bag1587
crinkle1596
pucker1598
press1601
crumple1607
creasing1665
ruck1774
cramp1828
fold1840
ruckle1853
bumfle1867
1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 18 Both coincide with the fold of the paper.
6. The words manifold, threefold, etc. (see -fold suffix) have occasionally been viewed (erroneously) as syntactical combinations of the adjectives with the present noun. Hence the following uses:
a. many a fold = many times, with many repetitions. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [adverb]
unseldea950
oftOE
thickOE
ylomeOE
oftsithec1175
oftsithesc1175
lomec1200
oftlya1225
oft-stounds1303
continuallyc1305
oftena1325
rifely1357
oft-timesc1384
oft-timec1387
oftentimesa1393
oftentimec1395
fele-sitha1400
lightlya1400
oftentide?a1400
rifea1400
seresitha1400
many a foldc1400
often sithec1405
hauntinglyc1440
by many a foldc1450
fele-syss1489
frequently1531
feltymesc1540
oftens1567
oftenly1574
frequent1614
repeatedlya1647
(as) often as not1723
more often (or oftener) than not1723
not uncommonly1747
not infrequently1779
(at) every whip-stitch1824
oftenwhilesa1850
at short intervals1859
c1400 Melayne 445 Thay caste one it full many a folde.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 306 And þonkede þefore God mony a ffolde.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.iiii Set with dyamondes many a fold.
b. by many a fold: in manifold proportion, many times over. So by foldes seven. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [adverb]
unseldea950
oftOE
thickOE
ylomeOE
oftsithec1175
oftsithesc1175
lomec1200
oftlya1225
oft-stounds1303
continuallyc1305
oftena1325
rifely1357
oft-timesc1384
oft-timec1387
oftentimesa1393
oftentimec1395
fele-sitha1400
lightlya1400
oftentide?a1400
rifea1400
seresitha1400
many a foldc1400
often sithec1405
hauntinglyc1440
by many a foldc1450
fele-syss1489
frequently1531
feltymesc1540
oftens1567
oftenly1574
frequent1614
repeatedlya1647
(as) often as not1723
more often (or oftener) than not1723
not uncommonly1747
not infrequently1779
(at) every whip-stitch1824
oftenwhilesa1850
at short intervals1859
c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4300 Clerere than is the sonne shalle be, be faldes seven.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 26 More bi foldys seuen Then I can well expres.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. iii. i. 73 The towne of Cambridge..exceedeth that of Oxford..by manie a fold.
c. One portion of a ‘manifold’ thing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > one part of a manifold thing
fold1826
1826 E. Irving Babylon I. ii. 77 Which fourfold chain of evidence, upon any single fold of which I am willing [etc.].
1839 R. Philip Life W. Milne I. 22 It stopped his basket-making before he got through two folds of the ‘Fourfould State’.

Compounds

fold boat n. = faltboat n.; also in contracted form folboat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > collapsible
Berthon1878
faltboat1926
fold boat1938
1938 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 616/2 With his wife he made a journey in a fold-boat..down the Danube.
1946 R. Capell Simiomata i. 19 The Marines entered the harbour in their little collapsible Folboats, attached explosive charges to two destroyers and two cargo boats, and retired.
1955 ‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren 128 An M.T.B...with a folboat on board, a sort of kayak built of waterproof canvas on a wooden frame.
1969 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. li. 6 Fold boat, kayak made of skeleton frame covered with a skin of rubberized cloth. It folds into a small package.
fold mountain n. (also fold-mountain) a mountain formed directly by folding, or one in which the strata are extensively folded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > type of
iron mountain1658
jokul1780
table mountain1822
mountain of accumulation1864
voel1876
nunatak1877
monadnock1893
block mountain1896
fold mountain1908
hen-cackle1934
1908 J. W. Gregory Geogr. 34 Fold-mountains arise from the crumpling of bands of the earth's crust by lateral pressure. Such fold-mountains resemble the wrinkles formed when a table~cloth is pushed across a table.
1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth i. 24 The great Eastern Eurasian Chains of fold-mountains.
1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xxx. 1111 The axes of the major structures of a range of fold mountains..are generally roughly parallel to the trend of the range.
fold ridge n.
ΚΠ
1936 Discovery Jan. 20/1 The late Miocene-Pliocene fold ridge which extended to New Caledonia, and in the other direction formed the Himalayas and the European Alps.

Draft additions 1993

b. In paper-folding, napkin-folding, etc.: the manner or pattern in which the paper, etc. is folded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > a fold > manner in which paper, etc., is folded
fold1893
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami > fold
fold1893
1893 L. R. Latter Paper Folding for Schools 5 The child, once having learnt the folds upon the paper..might occasionally be allowed to practise a known fold upon a table-napkin.
1956 ‘R. Harbin’ Paper Magic 17 When the author wished one day to produce a Bat, he searched through the Basic Folds and finally decided to work on Fold Four.
1971 Sci. Amer. May 111/1 The interested reader can obtain Bunny Bill, a manuscript describing the fold from Magic Inc... The fold is far from simple, by the way.
1983 J. Ive Table Napkin Folding 5 The Waterlily..is not such a practical fold to do for individual place settings.

Draft additions January 2002

Molecular Biology. A specific element (esp. a bend or twist) in the three-dimensional structure of a protein or nucleic acid molecule.
ΚΠ
1933 W. T. Astbury in Nature 14 Oct. 593/2 The folds in the main-chains of unstretched hair..lie apparently in planes transverse to the side-chains.
1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 232 376 The gross fold in the main-chains which appears when β-keratin contracts to α-keratin we may term the ‘secondary fold’.
1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 1629/2 Some evidence reported in the literature appears to indicate that spermidine plays an essential function in DNA synthesis, e.g. stabilization of DNA folds, activation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase [etc.].
1990 Protein Engin. 4 39/1 The folds of all the proteins in the PDB are stored as labelled graphs, with the nodes of a graph corresponding to linear representations of helices and strands.
1995 New Scientist 12 Aug. 32/1 Researchers are only just beginning to explore how loops, twists and folds in the long DNA chain—its so-called ‘higher-order structure’—affect the expression of genes contained within them.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

foldn.4

Forms: Also foold(e.
Obsolete. rare.
? The mountain-ash (apparently rendering Latin ornus).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > mountain ash
quick treeeOE
wycheOE
quickena1400
foldc1420
rowan-tree1483
quickbeam?1537
wild ash1552
field ash1578
mountain ash1597
quicken berry1597
whitten1633
witchen1664
quickenberry tree1671
wicky1681
rowan1751
narrow-leaved service tree1793
sorb1796
bastard mountain ash1800
roundwood1846
fowler's service tree1859
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1021 Ook, fold, and birche.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 770 Foolde, ashes, quynce.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

foldv.1

Brit. /fəʊld/, U.S. /foʊld/
Forms: past tense and past participle folded /ˈfəʊldɪd/. Forms: infinitive Old English fealdan, Northumbrian ( ge)falda, Middle English fald(e(n, Middle English–1500s folden, (Middle English foldyn), Middle English felde, southern viealde, Middle English–1500s southern volde, Middle English–1600s fould, 1500s–1800s Scottish fald, fauld, 1800s dialect faud, Middle English– fold. past tense strong Old English féold, Middle English feld(e, 1500s fald. weak Middle English foldid. (Middle English foldet, foldit), 1500s– folded. past participle and strong Old English fealden, Middle English–1600s fold(e(n, (Middle English–1500s foldin, foldun, foldyn, 1600s foulden), Middle English southern volden, Middle English fald(e(n, (1500s fauden), Middle English y-falt, folte, (1500s falt), fould. weak Middle English foldid, 1500s–1600s foldit, (1500s folted), 1600s foulded, Middle English– folded.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic reduplicating strong verb: Old English fealdan = Middle Dutch vouden (Dutch vouwen), Old High German faldan, faltan (Middle High German valten, German falten), Old Norse falda (past tense félt), Gothic falþan (past tense faifalþ) < Germanic *falþan, < *falþ < pre-Germanic *plt-, found in Lithuanian pleta I plait, Greek δίπαλτος, also διπλάσιος ( < *-pltiyos) double; according to Brugmann an extended form of the root pl- (in Greek ἁπλόος, simple, lit. ‘one-fold’) of which another extension appears in Greek πλέκειν, Latin plicāre to plait, fold. In Old English and early Middle English the forms are those of a strong verb; from 15th cent. onwards weak forms were developed, and the verb is now conjugated entirely as weak; compare Danish folde.
1.
a. transitive. To arrange (a piece of cloth, a surface, etc.), so that one portion lies reversed over or alongside another; to double or bend over upon itself. Also with in, over, together. Often contextually implying repeated action of this kind. to fold up: to close or bring into a more compact form by repeated folding.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (transitive)]
foldc888
lapa1300
plya1393
turna1400
doublec1430
plaitc1430
overfold?1440
plet?a1500
flipe1530
upfold1600
enfold1605
plicate1654
tuck1835–6
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together
to fold upc888
shut?a1366
to do to1562
to make up1629
to shut up1833
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §3 God scipstyra ongit micelne wind hreose ær ær hit weorþe, and hæt fealdan þæt segl.
OE Riddle 26 7 Mec [a parchment]..fingras feoldan.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1324 On ape mai a boc bi-halde, An leves wenden, and eft folde.
a1400 Coer de L. 3497 Whenne they hadde eeten, the cloth was folde.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. 213 He opened the letter that he had folden afore to geder.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xli. 23 Euery dore had two litle wickettes which were folden in one vpon another on euery syde two.
1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Exod. xiii. 9 These foure sections..written on parchment, folden up they..tyed to the forehead.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 87 During..the Night, they join and fold in their Leaves.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 305. ¶9 To open a Letter, to fold it up again.
1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 44 If the triangle be conceived to be folded over.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz in La Saisiaz: Two Poets of Croisic 41 Our René folds his paper.
figurative and in extended use.1631 Earl of Manchester Contemplatio Mortis 79 When death hath folded vp thy dayes, all opportunitie is past.1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. x. 26 So handsomely folding up her discourse, that his virtues are shown outwards, and his vices wrapped up in silence.1677 J. Crowne Destr. Jerusalem i. iv. 42 Every night their Bodies were not worn, But gently lapt and folded up till morn.a1822 P. B. Shelley Let. to — in Posthumous Poems (1824) 67 Let his page..Fold itself up for a serener clime Of years to come.proverbial.1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 90 Hee that buyeth Lawne before he can fold it, will repent before he hath sold it.
b. Geology. To double up (strata). Also intransitive for reflexive. To become doubled up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [verb (intransitive)] > fold
fold1857
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > tectonize [verb (transitive)] > fold
fold1857
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xxviii. 570 Making the strata fold over them on each side.
1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada ix. 185 When the Sierra Nevada and Wahsatch mountains were folded.
1885 Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sc. 3rd Ser. xxx. 208 The result of a tendency to fold carried beyond the limit of elasticity of the rock.
c. To bend or turn back or down (a portion of something). †to fold off: to bend back and break off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > break off > by bending back
to fold offc1420
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 774 Or me sette him [a graft] in the tree The tendron and the leves of thou folde.
Categories »
d. Building. (See quot. s.v. fold n.3 1g.)
e. intransitive. To yield to pressure, so as to become folded; to be capable of being folded. Now esp. with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (intransitive)]
folda1398
duplicate1638
double1875
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > fold or roll up
furl1676
uproll1805
telescope1866
roll1901
fold1914
concertina1918
accordion1943
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxvii. 925 Þat cassia is best þat brekeþ nought soone but bendiþ and foldiþ.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 194 Having a joint in the middle, it folds.
1914 Daily Mail 21 Feb. 10/1 One of the little seats that folded up when they were not required.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 759/1 This roll-up chair..folds up small enough to go in a large pocket.
f. transitive. To roll up, as a scroll. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 932 A book in his honde he halt Swiþe fast, & narewe yfalt.
a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Luke iv. 20 Folded, or closed [c1384 Douce 369(2) Whanne he hadde closid the book].
1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xc. 622 Heauen fled backe, and was folden vp like a scrolle.
2.
a. transitive. To place in a spiral or sinuous form; to coil, wind. Now only with const. about, round, or the like. Also intransitive for reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (intransitive)]
twinec1300
foldc1330
writhea1413
twind1575
spire1607
wreathe1776
coil1798
scroll1868
threada1879
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)]
writheOE
foldc1330
wrall1398
wreathec1425
enrol1530
twind1548
involve1555
wring1585
invilup1592
rolla1616
entortill1641
convolve1650
coila1691
circumflex1851
serpentine1883
convolute1887
swirl1902
whorl1904
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1454 Vnder þo stones beþ depe in mold To dragouns fast yfold.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 346/2 The deceiuers double and folde in themselues like serpents.
c1650 Merline 1465 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 467 Beneathe the stones under the Mold tow dragons Lyen there fould.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iv Thus I fold one arm Round thy blest neck.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 6 I dare not fold My arms about thee.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Talking Oak xxxvii, in Poems (new ed.) II. 73 When I feel about my feet The berried briony fold.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 158 On her lover's arm she leant, And round her waist she felt it fold.
b. intransitive. Of a stream: To take a winding course.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)] > meander
foldc1420
meander1613
straya1616
wire1633
wriggle1640
wimple1720
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 557 So that the towne water doune folde Streght hem amonge.
3. transitive. To cause to bend; hence, to throw down, overthrow; also, to overcome. (Cf. modern double up.) figurative. To prevail upon by entreaty.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm
overcomeeOE
overgangOE
overnimOE
overswivec1175
foldc1275
overgoc1275
to bear downc1330
oversetc1330
outrayc1390
overleada1393
overreach?a1425
overwhelmc1425
to whelve overc1440
overruna1475
surprise1474
overpress1489
surbatea1500
overhale1531
overbear1535
overcrow1550
disable1582
surgain1586
overpower1597
overman1609
to come over ——1637
to run down1655
overpower1667
compel1697
to get over ——1784
overget1877
to grab (also take) by the balls1934
the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon > by entreaty
foldc1275
entreatc1425
overtreata1547
over-entreat1627
request1632
beseecha1718
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cast down
warpc1175
acastc1225
to throw downa1250
foldc1275
casta1300
throwc1330
waltc1400
shootc1480
to cast down1530
to fling down1587
stern1599
deject1627
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10018 Feollen þa uæie uolden to grunde.
c1330 King of Tars 1118 The feendes strengthe to folde.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 326 xlti syr Roger downe can folde.
4.
a. To bend, bow (oneself, the body, or limbs).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body
clitchc1025
foldc1380
flexa1521
clutch1614
hingea1616
stoop1637
cock1698
cower1790
slouch1866
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 841 Is bodi a-side he felde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8965 To þe tre sco can hir fald.
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems li. 35 Befoir Europe..he his feit did fauld.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 17 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) A red Lyon Rampant, with his taile folden toward his backe.
figurative.1578 Psalm lxxvii, in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 109 They..hes vs left all foldit into cair.
b. intransitive for reflexive. Of the body or limbs: To bend, crook, double up, yield. Also, of a person: To bow, bend down, crouch, drop down. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > be or become curved or bent [verb (intransitive)]
beyc888
bowOE
fold13..
crumpc1325
windc1374
courbe1377
curb1377
plyc1395
bend1398
ploy?1473
bowl1513
bought1521
tirve1567
crookle1577
crook1579
compass1588
round1613
incurvate1647
circumflex1661
arcuate1678
to round off1678
sweep1725
curve1748
curvaturea1811
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down
stoopc893
bowOE
aloutOE
fold13..
bendc1374
courbe1377
curb1377
inclinec1390
declinea1400
nuzzlec1450
buckle1600
doup1694
huckle1854
overbend1856
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > down
fold13..
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > specific part of body
clitch?a1300
fold13..
to bend the head or facea1652
13.. Maximon iv, in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 120 Care and kunde of elde Maketh mi body felde, That y ne mai stonde upright.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xvii. 14 A man cam to hym, foldid on knees byfore hym.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 120 The fyngres þat freo beo to folden and to clycchen.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 126 My legys thay fold, My fyngers ar chappyd.
5.
a. intransitive. To give way, collapse; to fail, falter. Esp. with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > collapse or come to nothing
forworthc1000
folda1250
quailc1450
fruster?a1513
to come to nothing1523
to give out?1523
to fall to the ground?1526
quealc1530
to come to, end in, vanish into, smoke1604
intercide1637
to fall to dirt1670
to go off1740
to fall through1770
to fall apart1833
collapse1838
to run into the sand (also, now less commonly, sands)1872
to blow up1934
to blow out1939
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (intransitive)] > collapse
folda1250
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 37 And falt mi tonge.
c1325 Song of Mercy 136 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 122 Vr feiþ is frele to flecche and folde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24348 In suime al falden dun i fell.
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 73 My lymes foulden þat weren fast.
1596 E. Spenser Fowre Hymnes 35 I..feele my wits to faile, and tongue to fold.
1911 A. Bennett Honeymoon i. 15 Cedric: The mater folded up like that? Flora: ..Naturally she folded up. She only needs proper treatment.
1928 J. P. McEvoy Show Girl 199 The Main Stem hears under cover that ‘Get Your Girl’ may fold up soon for lack of suitable house.
1936 Variety 24 June 66/1 First tour of the Draegermen..proved a box office flop, and folded here.
1937 N. Coward Present Indicative v. vi. 191 In spite of excellent press notices..the play folded up at the end of eight weeks.
1939 E. B. White Quo Vadimus? i. 47 Nutshell folded up, because, an expert said, the name was too long; but half a dozen others sprang up to take its place.
1942 Penguin New Writing 15 12 Yes, but when he gets outside he'll fold up.
1958 I. Murdoch Bell xxvi. 315 He was sorry..to hear that Imber was folding up.
1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 71 The band folded in December 1961.
1971 Guardian 21 Jan. 1/1 (headline) Skyways folds up.
1971 Sunday Times 24 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 31/1 This generous subsidy could not go on for ever and when it was withdrawn the magazine folded.
b. To succumb, yield ground. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)]
onboweOE
bowa1000
abeyc1300
yielda1330
loutc1330
couchc1386
to come to a person's mercy?a1400
to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400
hielda1400
underlouta1400
foldc1400
to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405
subjectc1475
defer1479
avale1484
to come in1485
submita1525
submita1525
stoop1530
subscribe1556
compromit1590
warpa1592
to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595
to come in will to a person1596
lead1607
knuckle1735
snool1786
c1400 Rowland & O. 1250 Charlles me thynke that thou scholdeste folde.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 84 Thir barbour bodeis..Docht nocht of force than for to gar ws fald.
a1634 A. Gardyne Theatre Sc. Kings (1709) 14 Thou forced for to fald, Such as deboir'd from thy Obedience darre.
c. To swerve or turn aside (from truth, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > turn aside from a course of action
wanderc897
haltc900
flitc1175
misdrawc1300
err1303
convertc1374
foldc1380
stray1390
astray1393
swaver?a1400
to fall from ——a1425
recedec1450
depart1535
swervea1547
fag1555
flinch1578
exorbitate1600
extravagate1600
discoasta1677
tralineate1700
aberrate1749
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 126 He shulde teche þes worldly men..to drede to folde fro treuþe as Pilat dide.
?a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Sheep & Dog l. 1220 in Poems (1981) 50 For prayer nor price, trow ȝe, thay wald fald.
6.
a. transitive. To lay (the arms, etc.) together, so as to overlap; to clasp (one's hands) together. Also intransitive for reflexive. In modern use frequently with together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > of limbs or hands: bend together
foldc1374
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms
foldc1374
shut1614
wreathea1616
crucify1633
hyperabduct1945
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > hands
to join handsa1535
fold1535
wring1580
hand-hold1904
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific hand > hold or clasp (one's or another's hands)
fold1535
to take a person's hand1536
hand1643
mix1713
clasp1859
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > arms
to make the pot with the two ears1675
fold1732
c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlix. 32 He feold his fet [L. collegit pedes suos] uppan his bedd.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 331 (359) With his armes folden.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. vi. A Yee..folde thine handes together yet a litle, that thou mayest slepe.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 205 They..sit downe on the ground, folding their feete vnder them.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 108 Envy..folds its Arms in Despair.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. v. 16 Alciphron stood..with his arms folded across.
1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling 223 He folded his hands together.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 30 My wings are folded o'er mine ears.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. x. 252 Her head drooped, her hands folded.
1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. x. 218 Her hands folded together before her.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. ii. 10 Mrs. Veneering..folds her hands in the manner of a supplicating child.
1894 B. Harraden In Varying Moods 60 She folded her hands together on the buckle of her waist-belt.
b. ? absol. = To fold the hands (apparently intended to represent uneducated speech).
ΚΠ
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xiv. 292 I'd far sooner be..tiring of myself out, than a sitting folding and folding by the fire.
7.
a. To plait; to mat (hair). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)] > plait
pleat?a1300
foldc1384
plaita1398
pletc1429
plat?1533
gimp1885
the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [verb (transitive)] > tangled
foldc1384
felter?a1400
elfa1616
taut1853
intermat1927
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 29 Thei foldynge a crowne of thornis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. vii. 5 The hayre of thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 43v Images of gossampine cotton foulded or wrethed.
b. figurative. To attach, plight (faith). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do
sweara1154
fast?a1160
plightc1275
givec1300
undertake1393
strokea1400
warranta1400
foldc1400
pledge?a1439
affiance1523
pass1528
betroth1573
assume1602
impawna1628
gagea1642
spond1698
guarantee1820
vouch1898
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1783 Bot if ȝe haf a lemman, a leuer, þat yow lykeȝ better, & folden fayth to þat fre, festned so harde Þat yow lausen ne lyst.
c. intransitive. To be suitable or accordant. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be fitting or proper
i-burec1000
shallc1000
belongOE
becomec1175
fallc1175
beliea1225
ferea1300
longc1350
beseemc1384
pertainc1384
it is worthy thata1398
accordc1400
foldc1400
affeir1415
fit1574
suit?1591
sort1595
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 499 Þe forme to þe fynisment foldeȝ ful selden.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 359 Syþen þis note is so nys þat noȝt hit yow falles, & I haue frayned hit at yow fyrst, foldeȝ hit to me.
8.
a. To enclose in or as in a fold or folds; to cover or wrap up; to swathe, envelop. Const. in; formerly const. with, and simply; also const. certain adverbs and prepositions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > swathe
swathe11..
foldc1394
swethec1440
swaddlec1522
sweela1583
enswathe1609
furl1712
mummify1863
cocoon1880
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > enfold or envelop
befolda1000
umbefold14..
foldc1394
umbeclipa1395
involvea1420
overfold?1440
warp1513
overroll1548
encompass1553
invest1578
immantle1585
enrol1590
imply1590
circumvest1599
circumvestite1599
enfold1599
convolve1601
shadow1608
overlapc1612
enwreathe1620
obvele1654
obside1695
integument1883
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 126 Seynt Fraunces him-self schall folden the in his cope.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 434 Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 168 Þer ben manye maner causis whi þat guttis ben folde with nerves.
1530 Comedy Beauties Women C j I thynk he be xxiiii. yeres of age, I saw hym born and holpe for to fold hym.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. ii The rest, we fear, are folded in the floods.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 415 With his Circling Volumes folds her Hairs.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 333 The Seed is the Plant folded and wrapt up.
1855 B. Taylor Poems of Orient 137 The mountain-isles..Folded in shadows gray.
1906 K. Trask Night & Morning 34 Take me, Leonidas, to thy strong arms—..fold me from the whole wide world.
figurative.a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Biii Folding their wrothes in cinders of faire Troy.1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H2v I will not..fold my fault in cleanly coin'd excuses. View more context for this quotation1649 W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plant. ii. (1856) 276 These businesses were not..well understood of a longe time, but foulded up in obscuritie.1878 R. W. Gilder Poet & Master 36 Then must I..In myself fold me.1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. vi. 108 The young..have either emotion or imagination to fold them defensively from an enemy world.1915 H. Mackay London, One Nov. 46 The mystery of things the twilights fold away.
b. Of the surrounding medium: To serve as a wrapping for. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > serve as a wrapping for
fold1593
wrap?1611
envelopa1616
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij So did the..night, Fold in the obiect that did feed her sight. View more context for this quotation
1793 R. Southey Triumph of Woman 389 The purple robe of state thy form shall fold.
1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 15 Paper..purchas'd, brown sugar to fold.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Dirge i, in Poems 104 Shadows of the silver birk Sweep the green that folds thy grave.
c. Of a hostile army: To surround, beleaguer.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]
belieOE
besita1100
beset?c1225
assiege1297
besiege1297
belayc1320
umsiegea1325
ensiegec1380
environa1382
to set before1382
siege1390
forset?a1400
foldc1400
setc1400
to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449
oppugn?a1475
pursue1488
obsess1503
ferma1522
gird1548
begird1589
beleaguer1590
block1591
invest1591
intermure1606
blockade1684
to lay blockade to1713
leaguer1720
to form the siege1776
cerne1857
c1400 Destr. Troy 11263 Ȝour cité is set all aboute With ȝour fomen fuerse foldyn with in.
d. To wrap or entangle in a snare. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)]
shrenchc897
beswike971
betrapa1000
bewindOE
undernimc1175
undertakec1175
bisayc1200
beguile?c1225
catchc1225
beginc1250
biwilea1275
tele?a1300
enginec1300
lime13..
umwrithea1340
engrin1340
oblige1340
belimec1350
enlacec1374
girnc1375
encumber138.
gnarec1380
enwrap1382
briguea1387
snarl1387
upbroid1387
trap1390
entrikea1393
englue1393
gildera1400
aguilec1400
betraisec1400
embrygec1400
snare1401
lacea1425
maska1425
begluec1430
marl1440
supprise?c1450
to prey ona1500
attrap1524
circumvene1526
entangle1526
tangle1526
entrap1531
mesh1532
embrake1542
crawl1548
illaqueate1548
intricate1548
inveigle1551
circumvent1553
felter1567
besnare1571
in trick1572
ensnare1576
overcatch1577
underfong1579
salt1580
entoil1581
comprehend1584
windlassa1586
folda1592
solicit1592
toil1592
bait1600
beset1600
engage1603
benet1604
imbrier1605
ambush1611
inknot1611
enmesha1616
trammela1616
fool1620
pinion1621
aucupate1630
fang1637
surprise1642
underreacha1652
trepan1656
ensnarl1658
stalk1659
irretiate1660
coil1748
nail1766
net1803
to rope in1840
mousetrap1870
spider1891
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A3v In her tresses she doth fold the lookes Of such as gaze vpon her golden haire.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xiii. §3. 418 Those perills: within which they were so speedily folded vp.
e. Cookery. Const. in. To add an ingredient gently by lifting a mixture with a spoon, etc., so as to enclose it without stirring or beating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > general preparation processes > perform general preparation processes [verb (transitive)] > mix
ally1381
allaya1425
drawa1425
to draw upa1425
fold1915
blend1936
1915 D. C. Peel Learning to Cook xiv. 172 Add the whipped whites last, and..fold them in lightly.
1933 W. G. R. Francillon Good Cookery (ed. 7) xv. 316 Fold in the slightly warmed flour.
1958 Listener 20 Nov. 855/2 Add the yolks and cheese to the mixture, then stiffly beat the whites of the eggs and fold in gently.
9. To clasp (in one's arms, to one's breast); to embrace.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]
clipc950
freeOE
beclipc1000
windc1175
fang?c1200
yokec1275
umgripea1300
to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300
umbefold14..
collc1320
lapc1350
bracec1375
embracec1386
clapa1400
folda1400
halsea1400
umbeclapa1400
accollc1400
fathomc1400
halchc1400
haspc1400
hoderc1440
plighta1450
plet?a1500
cuddlec1520
complect1523
umbfoldc1540
clasp1549
culla1564
cully1576
huggle1583
embosom1590
wrap1594
collya1600
cling1607
bosom1608
grasp1609
comply1648
huddlea1650
smuggle1679
inarm1713
snuggle1775
cwtch1965
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24491 Quen i him had in armes fald.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1425 He hir in armes hent, And ful fair he gan hir falde.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 54 We will descend and fold him in our armes. View more context for this quotation
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 353 [They] together fold in each others armes, sate downe.
1794 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 749 I'll fauld thee to my faithfu' breast.
1821 P. B. Shelley Death Napoleon 21 To my bosom I fold All my sons when their knell is knolled.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 6 Not to be folded more in these dear arms.

Compounds

C1. General attributive: the verb stem in combination with a noun, in sense ‘that can or will fold’.
fold-net n.
ΚΠ
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Fold-net, a sort of Net with which small Birds are taken in the Night.
fold-skirt n.
ΚΠ
1855 R. Browning Saul (rev. ed.) iii, in Men & Women II. 113 The tent was unlooped..I groped my way on Till I felt where the foldskirts fly open.
C2.
foldaway adj. adapted to be folded away.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [adjective] > folded up or rolled up > able to be
voluble1662
roll-up1748
turn-up1767
shut-up1799
collapsible1843
telescoping1873
collapsing1884
packaway1892
foldaway1960
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 26 Jan. (Suppl.) 4/1 A wash boiler with all refinements except a pump but with a fold-away hand wringer.
1967 Gloss. Caravan Terms (B.S.I.) 3 Foldaway bed, a bed designed to be lowered from and retract into a cupboard or wall or to fold on itself to make an upright furniture unit.
1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 577/3 Foldaway guides to aid truck location.
1971 Guardian 24 Aug. 7/3 An 84-year-old woman..was trapped in her foldaway bed for 13 hours.
fold-out n. an oversize page in a book, magazine, etc., which has to be unfolded by the reader; also as adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > page > large page folded to fit book
throw-out1953
fold-out1961
gatefold1963
1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Foldout.
1963 Amer. Speech 38 125 It might be well to include a fold-out map at the end of each volume.
1967 Time 17 Mar. 7 The prurient appeal of an overripe foldout is no worse than the peekaboo enticement of gossip about ‘People’.
1968 Listener 30 May 705/1 A coffee-table book, with Topolski drawings, wide margins and a fold-out frontispiece.
fold-up adj. adapted to be folded-up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [adjective] > able to be
plicatile1655
folding1863
foldable1893
fold-up1894
1894 W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 23 The famous Harrow fold-up bed.

Draft additions January 2002

intransitive. Molecular Biology. Of a polypeptide or polynucleotide chain: to adopt a specific three-dimensional structure. Occasionally also transitive (usually in passive).
ΚΠ
1934 Nature 26 May 795/2 The immediate question..is whether the initial unit is the chain itself, which is afterwards folded in some neat manner which is merely an elaboration of the intra-molecular folding that has been observed in the keratin transformation.
1936 Nature 16 May 803/1 To accommodate these interactions the grid buckles, so to speak, in such a way that the main-chains fold in planes transverse to the side chains.
1951 Nature 25 Aug. 325/1 The ‘α-keratin’ configuration of the polypeptide chain is produced by folding the extended β-form into seven-membered rings.
1956 C. H. Bamford et al. Synthetic Polypeptides i. 5 The synthetic polypeptides would be able to provide information about the way in which the polypeptide chain can fold.
1983 R. O. C. Norman & D. J. Waddington Mod. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) xviii. 283 In its natural environment each protein folds up into a specific well-defined shape, known as its native structure.
1994 New Scientist 10 Dec. 27/2 GroEL belongs to the group of ring-like proteins known as chaperonins, which help newly synthesized polypeptides to fold properly.
1999 Newsweek 15 Dec. 83 The proteins..fold into their functional shapes. Once scientists better understand that molecular origami, they can simulate the effect of drugs on those proteins.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

foldv.2

Brit. /fəʊld/, U.S. /foʊld/
Forms: Also Middle English fooldyn, 1500s folde, 1700s Scottish fauld, 1800s dialect faud.
Etymology: < fold n.2
1.
a. transitive. To shut up (sheep, etc.) in a fold, to pen; occasionally with up; also absol. Of hurdles: To serve for penning. (In Old English once intransitive to make or set up sheepfolds.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > fold
foldc1440
stuff1567
sheepfold1610
enfold?1611
cot1804
wattle1908
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > drive or put into enclosure
parc1300
foldc1440
house1578
pinfold1605
pen1607
enfold?1611
impen?1623
to get in1698
weara1724
yard1758
to run in1837
corral1847
paddock1847
kraal1865
a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 261 Faldian, fiscwer and mylne macian.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 168/2 Fooldyn, or put beestys in a folde, caulo.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Claudo To folde with hurdels.
1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. D4 God commaunded his people to be folded vp, and to stand within the barres.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxvi. 165 By folding them [sc. goats] vpon..fallowes in the summer time.
1637 J. Milton Comus 4 The starre that bids the Shepheard fold, Now the top of heav'n doth hold.
1661 Thracian Wonder i. i. sig. B3 Let's make haste to fold up our flocks.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. iii. iv. 332 It is a custom, in some places, to fold sheep and cattle, for the sake of their dung.
1822 S. Rogers Monte Cassino in Italy 32 Counts, as he folds, five hundred of his sheep.
1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 658/1 A dozen and a half hurdles will fold 30 sheep.
1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 137 We never fold our merino or other sheep, the land is too wet.
1894 Times 6 Mar. 4/1 Flock masters are folding on it [rye] early.
b. figurative; esp. in spiritual sense. Cf. feed v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > enfold in protective care
shadowa1300
brood1571
enfolda1711
fold1826
1826 T. B. Macaulay Dies Iræ 51 Fold me with the sheep that stand..at thy right hand.
1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xiv. 192 The Lamb..shall..guide them, fold them.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Oct. 1/2 These hitherto wandering sheep are in process of being folded into the comprehensive pastures of the national religion.
2. To place sheep in a fold or folds upon (a piece of ground), for the purpose of manuring it. to fold off: to use (a crop) as pasture for folded sheep.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > dung > by putting animals on land
tathec1440
fold1671
sheep1808
fold-tread1854
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > eat off crop
to eat off1733
spend1733
verdage1778
to fold off1794
hog1845
1671 St. Foine Improved 3 The Men of the Vale might..desire that those of the Hill-country might not Fold, or Dung their Ground, or Sow any Corn.
1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 131 Two contiguous pieces of ground..had been folded.
1794 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent 37 The clover being again folded off.
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 340 When his grass-fields have been partially folded with sheep.

Derivatives

ˈfolded adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > manured or fertilized
dungedOE
marledc1265
mucked1290
chavedc1420
dungyc1450
manured1551
fatted1552
folded1579
chalked1598
battled1600
seasoned1604
limed1707
sanded1707
fattened1725
sooted1776
wared1795
littery1805
plastered1819
nitred1822
gypsumed1841
nitrated1841
sewaged1861
sewage-irrigated1867
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Epil. From the falsers fraud his folded flocke to keepe.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 74 Among folded beastes they [sc. oxen] are of most dignity and worth.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 257 The folded flocks.
ˈfolder n. one who folds sheep; a shepherd.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > one who folds animals
folder1571
1571 W. Elderton in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 512 Alas ! is Juell dead, the folder of the flocke?
1801 J. Bree Derwent Water iii What time the folder hears the mandrake's moan.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : -foldsuffix
<
n.1OEn.2a700n.3a1250n.4c1420v.1c888v.2a1100
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